• Journal of Information Processing Systems
• /
• 제16권4호
• /
• pp.743-749
• /
• 2020

Internet of Things (IoT) is a growing technology along with artificial intelligence (AI) technology. Recently, increasing cases of developing knowledge services using information collected from sensor data have been reported. Communication is required to connect the IoT and AI, and 5G mobile networks have been widely spread recently. IoT, AI services, and 5G mobile networks can be configured and used as sensor-mobile edge-server. The sensor does not send data directly to the server. Instead, the sensor sends data to the mobile edge for quick processing. Subsequently, mobile edge enables the immediate processing of data based on AI technology or by sending data to the server for processing. 5G mobile network technology is used for this data transmission. Therefore, this study examines the challenges, opportunities, and solutions used in each type of technology. To this end, this study addresses clustering, Hyperledger Fabric, data, security, machine vision, convolutional neural network, IoT technology, and resource management of 5G mobile networks.

• 정보보호학회논문지
• /
• 제31권3호
• /
• pp.341-351
• /
• 2021

최근에 분산ID관리처럼 개인정보를 주체적으로 관리하는 기술이 주목받고 있지만, 기존에 제시된 블록체인 기반의 접근제어 연구들은 사용자에게 충분한 수준의 개인정보 접근제어 방안을 제공하지 못하고 있다. 본 논문은 퍼미션 블록체인 기술과 표준화된 프라이버시 보호 기술을 결합한 방안을 제안한다. 사용자의 접근제어 개입을 위해 프라이버시 제어 표준인 UMA2를 준용하는 토큰 기반의 사용자 접근제어 서비스를 블록체인 분산어플리케이션에 적용하였다. 블록체인과 UMA2를 연동함으로써 기존 블록체인이 제공하지 못했던 사용자 중심의 접근제어 기능을 제공한다. 또한 UMA2의 단점인 엔터티의 프라이버시 문제와 보안성, 가용성 이슈를 해결하였다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• 제15권12호
• /
• pp.4400-4419
• /
• 2021

In the 4th Industrial Revolution, the healthcare industry is undergoing a paradigm shift from post-care and management systems based on diagnosis and treatment to disease prevention and management based on personal precision medicine. To optimize medical services for individual patients, an open ecosystem for the healthcare industry that allows the exchange and utilization of personal health records (PHRs) is required. However, under the current system of hospital-centered data management, it is difficult to implement the linking and sharing of PHRs in practice. To address this problem, in this study, we present the design and implementation of a patient-centered PHR platform using blockchain technology. This platform achieved transparency and reliability in information management by eliminating the risk of leakage and tampering/altering personal information, which could occur when using a PHR. In addition, the patient-consent system was applied to a PHR; thus, the patient acted as the user with ownership. The proposed blockchain-based PHR platform enables the integration of personal medical information with scattered distribution across multiple hospitals, and allows patients to freely use their health records in their daily lives and emergencies. The proposed platform is expected to serve as a stepping stone for patient-centered healthcare data management and utilization.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.89-97
• /
• 2023

With the growth of Internet-of-Things (IoT) technologies, the number of IoT devices developers need to manage has increased exponentially. Many IoT standards have been proposed to allow those devices to communicate efficiently in day-to-day tasks. However, we lack trusted interworking entities for devices from different standards to collaborate securely. This paper proposes a blockchain platform that bridges multiple heterogeneous IoT platforms to co-exist and interwork. Specifically, we designed an interworking proxy application entity (IPE) implemented as a chaincode in Hyperledger Fabric to collect and process data coming from/to oneM2M and LWM2M architecture. The use of blockchain will guarantee network reliability and data integrity so that cross-standard communications can be audited and processed securely. Based on our evaluation, we show that the interworking between oneM2M and LWM2M through our blockchain platform is feasible. Furthermore, the proposed system can process up to 206 transactions per second with 1,000 running applications, which is about an 87% increase from the previously referenced study.

• 국제학술발표논문집
• /
• The 9th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
• /
• pp.385-392
• /
• 2022

As energy-saving techniques based on human behavior patterns have recently become an issue, the occupant-centered control system is adopted for estimating personal preference of indoor environment and optimizing environmental comfort and energy consumption. Accordingly, IoT devices have been used to collect indoor environmental quality (IEQ) data and personal data. However, the need to safely collect and manage data has been emerged due to cybersecurity issues. Therefore, this paper aims to present a framework that can safely transmit occupant-centered data collected from IoT to a private blockchain server using Hyperledger fabric. In the case study, the minimum value product of the mobile application and smartwatch application was developed to evaluate the usability of the proposed blockchain-based occupant-centered data collection framework. The results showed that the proposed framework could collect data safely and hassle-free in the daily life of occupants. In addition, the performance of the blockchain server was evaluated in terms of latency and throughput when ten people in a single office participated in the proposed data collection framework. Future works will further apply the proposed data collection framework to the building management system to automatically collect occupant data and be used in the HVAC system to reduce building energy consumption without security issues.

• 한국융합학회논문지
• /
• 제12권4호
• /
• pp.51-60
• /
• 2021

최근 네트워크 및 하드웨어 기술이 발전하여 블록체인 기술과 보안을 융합하는 연구가 활발히 진행되고 여러 네트워크 기술에 적용되고 있다. 기존의 블록체인을 활용한 기술을 분석하고 제한된 환경에서 비공개 블록체인을 활용한 파일의 무결성을 검증하는 모델을 제안한다. 제안하는 모델은 비공개 블록체인 플랫폼인 하이퍼레저 패브릭의 체인코드로 작성하고 비공개 블록체인 통합 관리 플랫폼인 하이퍼레저 익스플로러를 통해 파일의 무결성 검증을 확인할 수 있다. 제안한 모델의 성능을 개발자 관점과 사용자 관점에서 분석했다. 블록체인 플랫폼을 실행하기 위한 다양한 모듈의 버전에 따른 호환성 문제가 존재하고 체인코드 상태와 그룹 등 제한된 요소만 확인이 가능하다는 결과를 얻었다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.69-78
• /
• 2021

본 논문은 프라이빗(허가형) 블록체인을 이용한 인적자원 풀(Pool) 채용 시스템의 구현 방안에 대해서 다룬다. 인적자원(Human Resource)라는 용어가 보편적으로 사용되고 있고, 인력을 자원으로 인식하게 되었다. 이러한 변화에도 불구하고 인적자원 풀의 활용은 부진하다. 한번 입력된 정보는 주기적으로 갱신되지 않는 경우가 많고 공유, 검색, 경력관리 그리고 위변조 방지를 제공하지 않는다. 본 연구에서는 프라이빗(허가형) 블록체인을 활용한 인적자원 풀 채용시스템의 제안을 위해 첫 번째, 블록체인 네트워크를 이용하여 인적자원 풀(Pool)의 공유와 검색을 가능하게 하였고, 키워드를 사용하여 특정 조건을 만족하는 결과를 얻을 수 있도록 하였다. 두 번째, 입력되는 데이터의 무결성을 보장하기 위해 기관의 검증 프로세스 추가와 위·변조 방지를 위한 블록체인의 구조적 특성 활용하여 기술 외적인 부분으로 방지 대책을 마련하였다. 세 번째, 블록체인과 사전에 정의된 프로세스와 비즈니스 로직을 3개의 그룹이 각각 제어할 수 있게 Web UI를 포함하는 Dapp(Decentralized application)을 설계 및 구현 하였다.

• 정보보호학회논문지
• /
• 제32권6호
• /
• pp.1103-1112
• /
• 2022

블록체인 기술은 일상생활을 비롯한 여러 산업 분야에서 활용도가 증가하고 있으며, 이는 분산원장 기술을 통하여 네트워크 참여자들 간의 거래 내역에 대한 정보의 무결성과 투명성을 보장한다. 무결성과 투명성을 보장하는데 가장 중요한 요소인 분산원장은 스마트 컨트랙트를 통하여 수정, 관리된다. 그러나, 스마트 컨트랙트 또한 블록체인 네트워크의 구성요소인 만큼 참여자들에게 투명하게 공개되고 있었으며 이로 인해 취약점이 쉽게 노출될 수 있었다. 이러한 단점을 보완하기 위하여 신뢰실행환경을 활용하여 기밀성을 보장하는 연구가 다양하게 진행되었으나, 실행된 스마트 컨트랙트의 무결성을 보장하기에는 어려움이 따른다. 해당 논문에서는 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위하여 신뢰 실행환경내에서 실행되는 스마트 컨트랙트의 제어 흐름 무결성을 검증 함으로써 스마트 컨트랙트의 기밀성과 무결성을 동시에 제공하는 것을 목표로 한다.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
• /
• 제22권12호
• /
• pp.37-50
• /
• 2022

Modern supply chains include multiple activities from collecting raw materials to transferring final products. These activities involve many parties who share a huge amount of valuable data, which makes managing supply chain systems a challenging task. Current supply chain management (SCM) systems adopt digital technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain for optimization purposes. Although these technologies can significantly enhance SCM systems, they have their own limitations that directly affect SCM systems. Security, performance, and scalability are essential components of SCM systems. Yet, confidentiality and scalability are one of blockchain's main limitations. Moreover, IoT devices are lightweight and have limited power and storage. These limitations should be considered when developing blockchain-based IoT-SCM systems. In this paper, the requirements of efficient supply chain systems are analyzed and the role of both IoT and blockchain technologies in providing each requirement are discussed. The limitations of blockchain and the challenges of IoT integration are investigated. The limitations of current literature in the same field are identified, and a secure and scalable blockchain-based IoT-SCM system is proposed. The proposed solution employs a Hyperledger fabric blockchain platform and tackles confidentiality by implementing private data collection to achieve confidentiality without decreasing performance. Moreover, the proposed framework integrates IoT data to stream live data without consuming its limited resources and implements a dualstorge model to support supply chain scalability. The proposed framework is evaluated in terms of security, throughput, and latency. The results demonstrate that the proposed framework maintains confidentiality, integrity, and availability of on-chain and off-chain supply chain data. It achieved better performance through 31.2% and 18% increases in read operation throughput and write operation throughput, respectively. Furthermore, it decreased the write operation latency by 83.3%.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• 제17권3호
• /
• pp.958-979
• /
• 2023

Due to laws, regulations, privacy, etc., between 70-90 percent of providers do not share medical data, forming a "data island". It is essential to collaborate across multiple institutions without sharing patient data. Most existing methods adopt distributed learning and centralized federal architecture to solve this problem, but there are problems of resource heterogeneity and data heterogeneity in the practical application process. This paper proposes a collaborative deep learning modelling method based on the blockchain network. The training process uses encryption parameters to replace the original remote source data transmission to protect privacy. Hyperledger Fabric blockchain is adopted to realize that the parties are not restricted by the third-party authoritative verification end. To a certain extent, the distrust and single point of failure caused by the centralized system are avoided. The aggregation algorithm uses the FedProx algorithm to solve the problem of device heterogeneity and data heterogeneity. The experiments show that the maximum improvement of segmentation accuracy in the collaborative training mode proposed in this paper is 11.179% compared to local training. In the sequential training mode, the average accuracy improvement is greater than 7%. In the parallel training mode, the average accuracy improvement is greater than 8%. The experimental results show that the model proposed in this paper can solve the current problem of centralized modelling of multicenter data. In particular, it provides ideas to solve privacy protection and break "data silos", and protects all data.