• Title/Summary/Keyword: Hydrolysis Resistance

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Response Characteristics of Thick Film Sensors Using Nano ZnO:Ni for Hydrocarbon Gas (나노 ZnO:Ni를 이용한 후막 가스센서의 탄화수소계 가스에 대한 감응특성)

  • Yoon, So-Jin;Yu, Il
    • Korean Journal of Materials Research
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    • v.23 no.4
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    • pp.211-214
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    • 2013
  • The effects of a Ni coating on the sensing properties of nano ZnO:Ni based gas sensors were studied for $CH_4$ and $CH_3CH_2CH_3$ gases. Nano ZnO sensing materials were prepared by the hydrothermal reaction method. The Ni coatings on the nano ZnO surface were deposited by the hydrolysis of zinc chloride with $NH_4OH$. The weight % of Ni coating on the ZnO surface ranged from 0 to 10 %. The nano ZnO:Ni gas sensors were fabricated by a screen printing method on alumina substrates. The structural and morphological properties of the nano ZnO : Ni sensing materials were investigated by XRD, EDS, and SEM. The XRD patterns showed that nano ZnO : Ni powders with a wurtzite structure were grown with (1 0 0), (0 0 2), and (1 0 1) dominant peaks. The particle size of nano ZnO powders was about 250 nm. The sensitivity of nano ZnO:Ni based sensors for 5 ppm $CH_4$ gas and $CH_3CH_2CH_3$ gas was measured at room temperature by comparing the resistance in air with that in target gases. The highest sensitivity of the ZnO:Ni sensor to $CH_4$ gas and $CH_3CH_2CH_3$ gas was observed at Ni 4 wt%. The response and recovery times of 4 wt% Ni coated ZnO:Ni gas sensors were 14 s and 15 s, respectively.

Stimulation of Insulin Secretion by Silk Fibroin Hydrolysate in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats and db/db Mice (Streptozotocin 당뇨유발 쥐와 db/db 마우스에서의 피브로인 가수분해물에 의한 인슐린 분비 촉진)

  • Park, Kum-Ju;Hong, Seong-Eui;Do, Myoung-Sool;Hyun, Chang-Kee
    • Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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    • v.33 no.1 s.128
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    • pp.21-28
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    • 2002
  • Antidiabetic effects of the acid hydrolysate of silk fibroin were investigated by oral administration to animal models for diabetes mellitus, Fibroin protein was extracted from cocoon and digested to peptides of low-molecular weight range (mainly below 3,000) and amino acids by acid hydrolysis, Feeding of the fibroin hydrolysate resulted in a significant recovering effect on reduction of body weight gain and a lowering effect on blood glucose gain in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Sprague Dawley rats (STZ rats) which were used as an insulin-dependent diabetic animal model. But the body weight and blood glucose level in C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice (db/db mice), an non-insulin-dependent diabetic animal model, were not changed significantly by the feeding, On the other hand, plasma leptin levels increased according to increased feeding amount of the hydrolysate in STZ rats and db/db mice in common, It was concluded from the results that the fibroin hydrolysate might stimulate the insulin secretion by recovering or activating pancreatic ${\beta}$ cells and result in the increased plasma leptin level. It was also deduced that the antidiabetic improvements in body weight and blood glucose gain in STZ were thought to be due to the increased insulin secretion, but in db/db mice of which the diabetic symptoms were caused by insulin resistance, the stimulated secretion of insulin was unlikely to be able to change body weight and blood glucose level significantly.

The Functional Role of Phospholipase D Isozymes in Apoptosis (세포사멸에서 Phospholipase D 동위효소의 기능적 역할)

  • Min, Do Sik
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.24 no.12
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    • pp.1378-1382
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    • 2014
  • Phospholipase D (PLD) catalyzes the hydrolysis of phospholipid to phosphatidic acid (PA), a lipid secondary messenger. Two forms of PLD isozymes, phosphatidylcholine-specific PLD1 and PLD2, have been identified. PLD has emerged as a critical regulator of cell proliferation and survival signaling, and dysregulation of PLD occurs in a various illnesses, including cancer. PLD activity is essential for cell survival and protection from apoptosis. Overexpression of PLD isozymes or PLD-generated PA attenuates the expression of apoptotic genes and confers resistance to apoptosis. The apoptosis-related molecular mechanisms of PLD remain largely unknown. Recently, the dynamics of PLD turnover during apoptosis have been reported. The cleavage of PLD isozymes as specific substrates of caspase differentially regulates apoptosis. PLD1 is cleaved at one internal site, and PLD2 is cleaved two sites at the front of the N-terminus. The cleavage of PLD1 reduces its enzymatic activity, probably via the dissociation of two catalytic motifs, whereas the cleavage of PLD2 does not affect the catalytic motifs and its activity. Thus, PLD2 maintains antiapoptotic capacity, despite its cleavage. Therefore, the differential cleavage pattern of PLD isozymes by caspase affects its enzymatic activity and antiapoptotic function. Thus, PLD is considered a potential target for cancer therapy. We summarize recent studies regarding the functional role of PLD in apoptosis.

A Study on the Change of Strength of FRP Member Immersed in Chemical Solution (화학약품용액에 침지한 FRP 부재의 강도 변화에 대한 연구)

  • Kim, Ho-Sun;Kim, Woo-Jong;Jang, Hwa-Sup;Kwak, Kae-Hwan
    • Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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    • v.14 no.6
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    • pp.117-123
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    • 2010
  • If FRP materials that have been known as high durability materials are exposed to harmful environmental factors, deterioration and characteristics of materials can be reduced due to chemical reaction such as hydrolysis. Therefore, to use FRP materials as building major materials, it is important to exactly grasp dynamic properties by use condition. Accordingly, this study stored FRP materials in a strong acid and alkali compound solution for a certain period to conduct simulation for acute or chronic, extreme changes by chemicals, and conducted a test for compressive, tensile, shear and bending strength to analyze changes in strength by kinds and storage days of chemicals. In conclusion, the study findings indicate excellent chemical resistance of FRP materials.

Biological Affinity and Biodegradability of Poly(propylene carbonate) Prepared from Copolymerization of Carbon Dioxide with Propylene Oxide

  • Kim, Ga-Hee;Ree, Moon-Hor;Kim, Hee-Soo;Kim, Ik-Jung;Kim, Jung-Ran;Lee, Jong-Im
    • Macromolecular Research
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    • v.16 no.5
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    • pp.473-480
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    • 2008
  • In this study we investigated bacterial and cell adhesion to poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC) films, that had been synthesized by the copolymerization of carbon dioxide (a global warming chemical) with propylene oxide. We also assessed the biocompatibility and biodegradability of the films in vivo, and their oxidative degradation in vitro. The bacteria adhered to the smooth, hydrophobic PPC surface after 4 h incubation. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis had the highest levels of adhesion, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus had the lowest levels, and Staphylococcus epidermidis was intermediate. In contrast, there was no adhesion of human cells (cell line HEp-2) to the PPC films, due to the hydrophobicity and dimensional instability of the surface. On the other hand, the PPC films exhibited good biocompatibility in the mouse subcutaneous environment. Moreover, contrary to expectation the PPC films degraded in the mouse subcutaneous environment. This is the first experimental confirmation that PPC can undergo surface erosion biodegradation in vivo. The observed biodegradability of PPC may have resulted from enzymatic hydrolysis and oxidative degradation processes. In contrast, the PPC films showed resistance to oxidative degradation in vitro. Overall, PPC revealed high affinity to bioorganisms and also good bio-degradability.

Surface Modification of Alumina Ceramic with Mg2Al4Si5O18 Glass by a Sol-Gel Process (졸-겔 공정으로 합성된 코디어라이트를 이용하여 알루미나의 표면개질)

  • Choi, Pil-Gyu;Chu, Min Cheol;Bae, Dong-Sik
    • Korean Journal of Materials Research
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    • v.24 no.1
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    • pp.48-52
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    • 2014
  • The Mg-enriched magnesium aluminum silicate (MAS) glass is known for its higher mechanical strength and chemical resistance. Among such glasses, cordierite ($Mg_2Al_4Si_5O_{18}$) is well known to have a low thermal expansion and low melting point. Polycrystalline engineering ceramics such as alumina can be strengthened by a surface modification with low thermal expansion materials. The present study involves the synthesis of cordierite by a sol-gel process and investigates the effect of glass penetration on the surface of alumina. The cordierite powders were prepared from $Al(OC_3H_7)_3$, $Mg(OC_2H_5)_2$ and tetraethyl orthosilicate by hydrolysis and condensation reaction. The cordierite powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD, Rigaku), scanning electron microscope (SEM, JEOL: JSM-5610), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS, JEOL: JSM-5610), and universal testing machine (UTM, INSTRON). The X-ray diffraction patterns showed that the synthesized particles were ${\mu}$-cordierite calcined at $1100^{\circ}C$ for 1 h. The shape of synthesized cordierite was changed from ${\mu}$-cordierite to ${\alpha}$-cordierite with increasing calcination temperature. Synthesized cordierite was used for surface modification of alumina. Cordierite powders penetrated deeply into the alumina sample along grain boundaries with increasing temperature. The results of surface modification tests showed that the strength of the prepared alumina sample increased after surface modification. The strength of a surface modified with synthesized cordierite increased the most, to about 134.6MPa.

Preparation of Waterborne Polyurethanes Containing Polycarbonate Component and Their Applications to the Impregnation Finishing for Artificial Leathers (폴리카보네이트 성분을 포함하는 수분산 폴리우레탄의 제조와 인공피혁 함침가공에의 응용)

  • Lee, Kyoung-Woo;Ko, Jae-Hoon;Shim, Jae-Yun;Kim, Young-Ho
    • Polymer(Korea)
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    • v.33 no.2
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    • pp.175-182
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    • 2009
  • Waterborne polyurethanes (WPUs) based on isophorone diisocyanate and mixed polyols of poly(tetramethylene glycol) (PTMG)/polycarbonate diol (PCD) were synthesized. The variation of mechanical and dyeing properties and alkali resistance of the WPU films were analyzed according to the polycarbonate (PC) content. The tensile strength of the films increased and the elongation at break decreased with the PC content in the WPU film. The incorporation of PC component in the WPU film did not affect the alkaline hydrolysis behavior. The synthesized WPU solutions were used as impregnating resins for the production of PET artificial leathers. The prepared WPU resins showed the good color fastness to washing, rubbing, and light of the artificial leather fabrics. The improvement of the properties became greater with the PC content in the WPU resin.

Aging Property Studies on Rubber Gasket for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Stack (고분자 전해질 연료전지 스택용 고무 개스킷의 노화특성 연구)

  • Kang, Dong-gug;Hur, Byung-ki;Lee, Dong-won;Seo, Kwan-ho
    • Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.149-154
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    • 2011
  • In order to explore properties of various rubber compounds after thermal aging under the condition similar to the operating environment of a fuel cell-stack, heat resistance and compression set of those compounds were investigated for a long term operation in $H_2SO_4$, $H_2O$, and LLC (ethylene glycol : $H_2O=50:50$) solution. It was assumed that aging Acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) and Elthylene Propylene diene rubber (EDPM) compound in the solution resulted in discoloration as time passed. It was also found that hydrolysis was developed on the Silicone rubber (VMQ) compound intentionally aged under acidic condition by means of TGA, SEM, and EDS analysis.

Development of Real-time PCR Assay Based on Hydrolysis Probe for Detection of Epichloë spp. and Toxic Alkaloid Synthesis Genes

  • Lee, Ki-Won;Woo, Jae Hoon;Song, Yowook;Rahman, Md Atikur;Lee, Sang-Hoon
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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    • v.42 no.3
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    • pp.201-207
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    • 2022
  • Fescues, which are widely cultivated as grasses and forages around the world, are often naturally infected with the endophyte, Epichloë. This fungus, transmitted through seeds, imparts resistance to drying and herbivorous insects in its host without causing any external damage, thereby contributing to the adaptation of the host to the environment and maintaining a symbiosis. However, some endophytes, such as E. coenophialum synthesize ergovaline or lolitrem B, which accumulate in the plant and impart anti-mammalian properties. For example, when livestock consume excessive amounts of grass containing toxic endophytes, problems associated with neuromuscular abnormalities, such as convulsions, paralysis, high fever, decreased milk production, reproductive disorders, and even death, can occur. Therefore, pre-inoculation with non-toxic endogenous fungi or management with endophyte-free grass is important in preventing damage to livestock and producing high-quality forage. To date, the diagnosis of endophytes has been mainly performed by observation under a microscope following staining, or by performing an immune blot assay using a monoclonal antibody. Recently, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based molecular diagnostic method is gaining importance in the fields of agriculture, livestock, and healthcare given the method's advantages. These include faster results, with greater accuracy and sensitivity than those obtained using conventional diagnostic methods. For the diagnosis of endophytes, the nested PCR method is the only available option developed; however, it is limited by the fact that the level of toxic alkaloid synthesis cannot be estimated. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to develop a triplex real-time PCR diagnostic method that can determine the presence or absence of endophyte infection using DNA extracted from seeds within 1 h, while simultaneously detecting easD and LtmC genes, which are related to toxic alkaloid synthesis. This new method was then also applied to real field samples.

Synthesis of Nano Sulfur/Chitosan-Copper Complex and Its Nematicidal Effect against Meloidogyne incognita In Vitro and on Coffee Pots

  • Hong Nhung Nguyen;Phuoc Tho Tran;Nghiem Anh Tuan Le;Quoc Hien Nguyen;Duy Du Bui
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • v.40 no.3
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    • pp.261-271
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    • 2024
  • Sulfur is one of the inorganic elements used by plants to develop and produce phytoalexin to resist certain diseases. This study reported a method for preparing a material for plant disease resistance. Sulfur nanoparticles (SNPs) stabilized in the chitosan-Cu2+ (CS-Cu2+) complex were synthesized by hydrolysis of Na2S2O3 in an acidic medium. The obtained SNPs/CS-Cu2+ complex consisting of 0.32% S, 4% CS, and 0.7% Cu (w/v), contained SNPs with an average size of ~28 nm as measured by transmission electron microscopy images. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the SNPs/CS-Cu2+ complex showed that SNPs had orthorhombic crystal structures. Interaction between SNPs and the CS-Cu2+ complex was also investigated by ultraviolet-visible. Results in vitro nematicidal effect of materials against Meloidogyne incognita showed that SNPs/CS-Cu2+ complex was more effective in killing second-stage juveniles (J2) nematodes and inhibiting egg hatching than that of CS and CS-Cu2+ complex. The values of LC50 in killing J2 nematodes and EC50 in inhibiting egg hatching of SNPs/CS-Cu2+ complex were 75 and 51 mg/l, respectively. These values were lower than those of CS and the CS-Cu2+ complex. The test results on the nematicidal effect against M. incognita on coffee pots showed that the SNPs/CS-Cu2+ complex was 100% effective at a concentration of 150 mg/l. Therefore, the SNPs/CS-Cu2+ complex could be considered as a biochemical material with potential for agricultural applications to control root-knot nematodes.