• 제목/요약/키워드: Hydrogen uptake

검색결과 111건 처리시간 0.024초

Rhodopsedomonas palustris P4를 이용한 Trickle Bed Reactor에서의 일산화탄소와 물로부터 연속적인 수소생산

  • 박지영;이태호;박성훈
    • 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국생물공학회 2000년도 추계학술발표대회 및 bio-venture fair
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    • pp.241-244
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    • 2000
  • CO로부터 수소를 생산할 수 있는 미생물인 R. palustris P4를 반응기에 적용하여 연속적으로 수소를 생산하는 연구를 진행하였다. 고농도 배양을 위해 R. palustris P4를 호기적 조건에서 영양요구성 성장을 시켰고 그 결과 13 g/L정도의 높은 균체 농도를 얻을 수 있었다. CO는 물에 잘 녹지 않는 기상의 기질이므로 반응기내에서 기체의 충분한 체류시간을 제공할 수 있는 반응기인 TBR을 수소생산 단계에 적용하였다. 기체 체류시간이 50분으로 운전되는 조건에서 CO의 분압이 0.4 atm일 때 최대 CO 소모 속도가 16 mmol/L/hr였다. 또한 광합성 미생물 R. rubrum을 적용하여 TBR에서 수소생산을 시도한 Gaddy group의 수소생산속도 3-4 mmol/L/hr에 4-5배 높은 수소생산 속도이다(3).

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체결압이 고분자연료전지 가스확산층에 미치는 영향 (Property Changes of Gas Diffusion Layer in a PEFC by Compression)

  • 안은진;윤영기;박구곤;박진수;이원용;한학수;김창수
    • 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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    • 제17권3호
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    • pp.347-352
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    • 2006
  • 분자전해질연료전지 내의 다공성 기체확산층은 반응가스의 확산과 전자이동통로의 역할을 수행할 뿐만 아니라 전기화학반응에 의해 공기극에서 생성된 수분(기상 혹은 액상)을 반응면으로부터 분리판 채널 방향으로 이동시켜 배출시키는 중요한 역할을 한다. 따라서 물관리를 통한 성능향상을 위해서는 기체 확산층의 구조 및 재료특성에 대한 심도 릴은 연구가 필요하다. 실제 단위전지 체결시 기체확산층은 분리판의 리브(rib)에 의해 눌리게 되며, 그 부분의 기공 크기 분포의 변화를 야기한다. 또한 리브 전단부분에서 탄소 섬유가 손상을 입으며, 탄소 섬유를 감싸고 있는 PTFE coating이 벗겨지게 되어 표면화학적 특성이 달라진다. 본 연구에서는 단위전지 체결 시 분리판에 의해 눌리는 기체확산층의 기공 크기 분포 변화를 측정하였으며, 기공의 소수성에서 친수성으로의 변화를 알아보았다. Mercury 기공 측정기와 PMI 기공 측정기는 큰 기공 분포의 변화에, 질소의 흡/탈착을 이용한 BET 방식은 작은 크기의 기공 분포 변화 관찰에 사용되었다. 체결압에 의한 탄소섬유의 구조적 변화와 아울러 표면의 습윤 정도의 변화를 XPS와 물/알콜 Uptake를 이용해 알아보았다. 이 연구를 바탕으로 물관리를 통한 연료전지 성능 향상을 위한 최적 GDL 선정에 기반이 되는 자료를 도출하였다.

PEMFC용 고분자 전해질 막을 위한 BFBN을 포함한 sulfonated poly(ether sulfone)s의 합성 및 특성 (Preparation and Properties of Sulfonated Poly(ether Sulfone)s Containing BFBN for PEMFC)

  • 임영돈;서동완;이현철;진현미;후세인;정인석;김환기
    • 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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    • 제22권5호
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    • pp.579-584
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    • 2011
  • Sulfonated poly (ether sulfone)s containing BFBN were prepared from 2,3-bis(4-fluorophenyl)-2-butenedinitrile , 4,4-sulfonyldiphenol and sulfonated 4,4'-difluorodiphenylsulfone sodium salt using potassium carbonate, and followed acidification reaction with 1M $H_2SO_4$. BFBN was prepared from 4-fluorobenzylcyanide, $CCl_4$, NaOH using trimethylbenzylammoniumchloride . Sulfonated poly(ether sulfone)s containing BFBN were studied by FT-IR, $^1H$-NMR spectroscopy, and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). The water uptake of synthesized S-PBFBN membranes exhibit 31~62% compared with 28% of Nafion 211. The S-PBFBN membranes exhibit proton conductivities ($80^{\circ}C$, RH 100) of 53.8~117.4 mS/cm compared with 137.4 mS/cm of Nafion 211.

수전해용 이오노머 분자동역학 모델 개발 (Development of Molecular Dynamics Model for Water Electrolysis Ionomer)

  • 강호성;박치훈;이창현
    • 멤브레인
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    • 제30권6호
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    • pp.433-442
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    • 2020
  • 본 연구에서는 수전해용 ionomer의 분자동역학 전산모사 모델 제작을 위하여, 과량의 물 분자가 존재하는 수전해 시스템의 특성을 반영한 ionomer 모델을 제작한 후, 기존 연료전지용 전해질막 전산모사 조건에 맞춰 제작한 ionomer 모델과 비교하였다. 최종적으로 얻어진 모델은 과불소계 ionomer의 중요 특징 중 하나인 명확한 상분리 및 수화채널이 관찰되었으며, 과량의 물 및 높은 운전 온도 조건에서도 물에 녹지 않고 안정된 구조를 나타내었다. 제조된 ionomer 모델에서는 과량의 물분자로 인한 이온 희석 효과로 이온 전달 성능 감소가 나타났으며, 반대로 수소 기체의 투과는 더 증가할 것으로 분석되었다. 따라서 이러한 수전해 시스템의 특성을 반영한 수전해용 ionomer 분자 구조 설계 전략이 필요하고, 분자동역학 전산모사 연구 시에도 이를 감안한 수전해용 ionomer 모델 제작이 필요하다.

Comparative study of 2-nitroimidazole-fluorophore-conjugated derivatives with pimonidazole for imaging tumor hypoxia

  • Seelam, Sudhakara Reddy;Hong, Mi Kyung;Lee, Yun-Sang;Jeong, Jae Min
    • 대한방사성의약품학회지
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    • 제5권2호
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    • pp.101-112
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    • 2019
  • Herein, 2-nitroimidazole-fluorophore conjugates were synthesized by linking 2-nitroimidazole and FITC or RITC via thiourea bonds. The prepared derivatives were stable for 2 h in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) at 37 ℃. The novel conjugates were studied for their in vitro uptake under hypoxic conditions using U87MG and CT-26 cell lines, showing significantly higher uptakes in hypoxic than normoxic cells. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed hypoxia in U87MG and CT-26 xenografted tumor tissues. Moreover, the prepared conjugates were evaluated by in vivo experiments after intravenous injection in U87MG and CT-26 xenografted mice. Hypoxia was confirmed by immunohistochemistry of the prepared derivatives with co-injected pimonidazole. Confocal microscopy of the prepared derivatives showed strong fluorescence in hypoxic tumor tissues correlated with the pimonidazole distribution. This suggested that the 2-nitroimidazole-fluorophore conjugates are promising optical imaging probes for tumor hypoxia and are promising substitutes for pimonidazole immunohistochemistry, which requires a multi-step procedure of incubation involving antibody, second antibody, dye, hydrogen peroxide, and multiple washing steps.

$\alpha$-Phenyl-N-t-butylnitrone Protects Oxidative Damage to HepG2 Cells

  • Kim, Sun-Yee;Kim, Ryung-Hyo;Huh, Tae-Lin;Park, Jeen-Woo
    • BMB Reports
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    • 제34권1호
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    • pp.43-46
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    • 2001
  • $\alpha$-Phenyl-N-t-butylnitrone (PBN) is one of the most widely used spin-trapping compounds for investigating the existence of free radicals in biological systems. Recently, there has been considerable interest in the antioxidant nature of PBN on degenerative diseases, presumably related to oxidative stress. In the present study, the protective effect of PBN on the HepG2 cell line under oxidative stress was investigated. When the HepG2 cells were exposed to oxidant, such as hydrogen peroxide, menadione, or ethanol, the protective role of PBN was manifested as a reduction in trypan blue uptake and a decrease in the endogenous production of oxidants, as measured by the oxidation of 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescin. The modulation of activity of major antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase and catalase, was not significantly different either in the presence or in the absence of PBN. This indicates that PBN acts as a direct scavenger of reactive oxygen species.

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Improvement of Photoheterotrophic Hydrogen Production of Rhodobacter sphaeroides by Removal of B800-850 Light-Harvesting Complex

  • KIM EUI-JIN;YOO SANG-BAE;KIM MI-SUN;LEE JEONG K.
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제15권5호
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    • pp.1115-1119
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    • 2005
  • The photoheterotrophic $H_2$ production of Rhodobacter sphaeroides was significantly increased through disruption of the genes coding for uptake hydrogenase and poly-${\beta}$-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) synthase (Lee et al., Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 60: 147-153, 2002). In this work, we further removed the B800-850 light-harvesting (LH) complex from the strain and found an increase in $H_2$ production at the light-saturating cell growth (${\ge}10$ Watts $[W]/m^2$). Neither the mutant nor the wild-type produced more $H_2$ at the brighter light. Accordingly, light does not appear to be limited for the $H_2$ production by the presence of B800-850. However, increase in the level of the spectral complexes resulted in decrease of $H_2$ production. Thus, although the B875 is essential for light harvesting, the consumption of cellular energy for the synthesis of B800-850 and the surplus LH complexes may reduce the energy flow into the $H_2$ production of R. sphaeroides.

Removal of acetaminophen from wastewater by constructed wetlands with Scirpus validus

  • Phong, Vo Hoang Nhat;Koottatep, Thammarat;Chapagain, Saroj Kumar;Panuvatvanich, Atitaya;Polprasert, Chongrak;Ahn, Kyu-Hong
    • Environmental Engineering Research
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    • 제21권2호
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    • pp.164-170
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    • 2016
  • Since most of the existing wastewater treatment options lack the ability to treat micro-contaminants, the increased use of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) and release as human waste have become a serious concern in recent years. Constructed wetlands (CWs) are a low-cost technology for wastewater treatment, however, its performance in term of PPCPs removal has not yet been fully investigated. This study aimed to characterize the removal factors and efficiency of acetaminophen (ACT) removal by CWs. The results revealed the decreased concentrations of ACT with increasing hydraulic retention times (HRT) of 0, 3, 5 days. The contribution of removal factors was found to be varied with initial ACT concentration. At the low ACT concentration (i.e. 1 ppb), plant uptake was the dominant, followed by microbial and photolytic removal. In contrast, at the high ACT concentration (i.e. 100 ppb), microbial and photolytic removal were found as dominant factors. On the other hand, hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) concentration was found at higher level in the plant shoot than in the root probably due to occurrence of the Fenton reaction resulting in PPCPs removal.

연료전지용 탄화수소 전해질 막의 산화안정성 향상을 위한 유기물 복합막의 제조 및 특성 분석 (Hydrocarbon-Organic Composite Membranes for Improved Oxidative Stability for PEMFC Applications)

  • 박샛별;이혜진;배병찬
    • 전기화학회지
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    • 제19권2호
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    • pp.45-49
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    • 2016
  • 양이온 교환막 연료전지 운전 중에 발생하는 하이드록시 라디칼에 의한 전해질 막의 산화분해를 효과적으로 방지하기 위해 유기물 라디칼냐��쳐를 도입하였다. 술폰화 폴리아릴렌에테르술폰 고분자를 이용하여 폴리페놀 화합물의 일종인 루틴을 도입하여 복합막을 제조하였고, 제조된 고분자 전해질 복합막은 함수율 및 이온전도도의 측정을 통하여 루틴이 전해질 막의 물리화학적 성질에 미치는 영향에 대해서 조사하였다. 실제 연료전지 운전과 유사한 조건을 구현할 수 있는 과산화수소 폭로 가속화 평가장치를 이용하여 전해질 복합막의 산화안정성을 평가하였다. 루틴을 함유한 고분자 전해질 복합막은 이온전도도가 유지되면서 산화안정성이 향상된 결과를 보여주었다.

A Kinetic Monte Carlo Simulation of Individual Site Type of Ethylene and α-Olefins Polymerization

  • Zarand, S.M. Ghafelebashi;Shahsavar, S.;Jozaghkar, M.R.
    • 대한화학회지
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    • 제62권3호
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    • pp.191-202
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    • 2018
  • The aim of this work is to study Monte Carlo simulation of ethylene (co)polymerization over Ziegler-Natta catalyst as investigated by Chen et al. The results revealed that the Monte Carlo simulation was similar to sum square error (SSE) model to prediction of stage II and III of polymerization. In the case of activation stage (stage I) both model had slightly deviation from experimental results. The modeling results demonstrated that in homopolymerization, SSE was superior to predict polymerization rate in current stage while for copolymerization, Monte Carlo had preferable prediction. The Monte Carlo simulation approved the SSE results to determine role of each site in total polymerization rate and revealed that homopolymerization rate changed from site to site and order of center was different compared to copolymerization. The polymer yield was reduced by addition of hydrogen amount however there was no specific effect on uptake curve which was predicted by Monte Carlo simulation with good accuracy. In the case of copolymerization it was evolved that monomer chain length and monomer concentration influenced the rate of polymerization as rate of polymerization reduced from 1-hexene to 1-octene and increased when monomer concentration proliferate.