• 한국재료학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.286-294
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• 2018

Hot-press forming(HPF) steel can be applied successfully to auto parts because of its superior mechanical properties. However, its resistances to aqueous corrosion and the subsequent hydrogen embrittlement(HE) decrease significantly when the steel is exposed to corrosive environments. Considering that the resistances are greatly dependent on the properties of coating materials formed on the steel surface, the characteristics of the corrosion and hydrogen diffusion behaviors regarding the types of coating material should be clearly understood. Electrochemical polarization and impedance measurements reveal a higher corrosion potential and polarization resistance and a lower corrosion current of the Al-coating compared with Zn-coating. Furthermore, it was expected that the diffusion kinetics of the hydrogen atoms would be much slower in the Al-coating, and this would be due mainly to the much lower diffusion coefficient of hydrogen in the Al-coating with a face-centered cubic structure. The superior surface inhibiting effect of the Al-coating, however, is degraded by the formation of local cracks in the coated layer under severe stress conditions, and therefore further study will be necessary to gain a clearer understanding of the effect of cracks formed on the coated layer on the subsequent corrosion and hydrogen diffusion behaviors.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회A
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• pp.114-119
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• 2007

Sulfide stress cracking (SSC) of materials exposed to oilfield environment containing hydrogen sulfide $(H_{2}S)$ has been recognized as a materials failure problem. Laboratory data and field experience have demonstrated that extremely low concentration of $H_{2}S$ may be sufficient to lead to SSC failure of susceptible materials. In some cases, $(H_{2}S)$ can act synergistically with chlorides to produce corrosion and cracking failures. SSC is a form of hydrogen embrittlement that occurs in high strength steels and in localized hard zones in weldment of susceptible materials. In the heat-affected zones adjacent to welds, there are often very narrow hard zones combined with regions of high residual stress that may become embrittled to such an extent by dissolved atomic hydrogen. On the base of understanding on sulfide stress cracking and its mechanism, SSC resistance for the several materials, those are ASTM A106 Gr B using in the oil industries, are evaluated.

• 한국분말야금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국분말야금학회 1993년도 추계학술강연 및 발표대회강연 및 발표논문 초록집
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• pp.3-3
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• 1993

In mechanical testing of W-Ni-Pe heavy alloys, the cracks nucleate at W/W interface and propagate through W/ Imatrix interface or through matrix phase together with the cleavage of W grains. The mechanical properties can therefore be improved by control of the interfacial strength and area. In this presentation, some experimental result and techniques on this subject will be reviewed and discussed. The hydrogen embrittlement caused by the hydrogen segregation at interfaces during sintering in an hydrogen atmosphere can be removed by an heat-treattnent in vacuum or in an inert atmosphere. The heat-treatment condition can be estimated by using a diffusion equation for a cylindrical shape. The mechanical properties, in particular the impact property, are degraded by the segregation of non-metallic impurities, such as Sand P. The degradation can be prevented by adding a fourth element, such as La or Ca, active with the non-metallic impurities. The cyclic heat-treatment at usual heat-treattnent tempemture causes the penetration of matrix between W/W grain boundaries and results in remarkable increase in impact energy. This is due to an increase in the area of ductile failure during the impact test. The instability of W/matrix interface casued by addition of Mo or Re can be controlled by using W powders of different size. The increase in the interfacial area in found to be related to the presence of non-equilibrium pure W gmins among W(Mo or Re) solid solution gmins.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.709-716
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• 2016

최근 급속한 플랜트 설비의 발전과 더불어 각종 기계 구조물들의 운전조건이 가혹해지고 사용시간이 길어짐에 따라 신뢰성에 대한 문제가 제기되고 있다. 특히, SNG 설비에 사용되는 재료는 설계조건에 따라 1.25Cr-0.5Mo 또는 2.25Cr-1Mo강과 같은 내열강들이 주로 사용된다. 본 연구에서는 Lab-scale용 합성천연가스 반응기를 제작하여 생산공정 반응기 재질인 1.25Cr-0.5Mo강을 이용하여 실제 SNG 공정중 1차반응기와 동일한 운전 조건에서 부식 특성에 대하여 실험적 연구를 진행하였다. 1.25Cr-0.5Mo강을 운전 시간에 따라 각각 배출조성 조건과 주입조성 조건에 노출시켜 부식에 대한 실험을 수행하였으며 실험 결과 내구성에 가장 영향을 미치는 요소는 수소로 인한 수소취성과 산화 부식임을 알 수 있었으며, 배출조성보다 주입조성에서 더 빠른 부식이 발생함을 확인하였다. 그러나 배출조성 조건에서는 산화부식과 더불어 수소취성에 의한 부식이 동시에 발생하여 장시간 운전 후 부식정도가 갑자기 증가하고 부식강도가 급격히 강해지는 것을 나타났다. 또한 주입조성에서는 산화물들이 시편에 흡착되어 두꺼운 산화층을 형성시켰으며 이로 인하여 재료의 내산화성이 크게 저하되는 것으로 확인되었다.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.142-150
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• 1998

Stainless steel is being used widely for various purposes due to its good corrosion resistance. There has been much research to produce colored stainless steel by several methods such as anodizing and ion plating. In this experiment, we coated TiN(C,O,H)films SUS304 substraate with the DC magnetron spttering system made by Leybold Heraeus and studied the interlater structure and abhesive strength of the films as a function of additional gases, acetylene, hydrogen and oxygen. When the acetylene gas was added into the chamber, the specimen with the interlayer phase had good adhesion due to the toughness of the $\gamma'-Fe_4N$ plase induced from a solid solution of carbon atoms, while low adhesion appeared on the specimen of the non interlayer phase. The formation of the interlayer phase($\gamma'-Fe_4N$) was due to hydrogen embrittlement and internal stress induced by $\gamma'-Fe_4N$ formation in the interlayer. We could fine the interlayer phase ($\gamma'-Fe_4N$) at the interface between the film and the substrate of the TEM image when $\gamma'-Fe_4N$ was detected by the X-ray duffraction metheod.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권12호
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• pp.4499-4513
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• 2022

Spent fuel behavior of dry storage was simulated in a continuous state from steady-state operation by modifying FRAPCON-4.0 to incorporate spent fuel-specific fuel behavior models. Spent fuel behavior of a typical PWR was compared with that of NuScale Power Module (NPM^TM). Current PWR discharge burnup (60 MWd/kgU) gives a sufficient margin to the hoop stress limit of 90 MPa. Most hydrogen precipitation occurs in the first 50 years of dry storage, thereby no extra phenomenological safety factor is identified for extended dry storage up to 100 years. Regulation for spent fuel management can be significantly alleviated for LWR-based SMRs. Hydride embrittlement safety criterion is irrelevant to NuScale spent fuels; they have sufficiently lower plenum pressure and hydrogen contents compared to those of PWRs. Cladding creep out during dry storage reduces the subchannel area with burnup. The most deformed cladding outer diameter after 100 years of dry storage is found to be 9.64 mm for discharge burnup of 70 MWd/kgU. It may deteriorate heat transfer of dry storage by increasing flow resistance and decreasing the view factor of radiative heat transfer. Self-regulated by decreasing rod internal pressure with opening gap, cladding creep out closely reaches the saturated point after ~50 years of dry storage.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2021

수소연료전지차(FCEV)는 전기를 자체 생산하는 연료전지를 동력원으로 하고 있으며 기존 기계식 레귤레이터의 출구압은 시스템 사양에 의해 제작 시점에서 고정되며 순간적인 수소 공급량에 의한 출구압 강하가 발생하는 경우 수소의 공급유량이 부정확해지는 문제가 있다. 본 연구에서는 기존에 존재하는 1단 기계식 감압 레귤레이터를 보완하기 위한 2단 감압 레귤레이터의 형상 설계 및 재질 선정을 수행하였다. 2단계 감압을 통한 맥동과 느린 응답을 보상하고 고압 편차 문제를 해결하기 위해 감압 유닛의 접촉면 형상을 가공성을 고려하여 설계하였다. 기밀성 측면에서 TPU의 변형량은 최대 15.82% 작은 변위량을 보였으며, 재질 선정에서는 2단 감압에 보편성을 확보하고 다양한 수소 연료 공급시스템에 적용 가능한 전자식 솔레노이드를 고려하여 자성체를 선정하고 적절한 도금 종류를 검증하기 위한 수소 취성 및 내식성 평가를 실시하였다. 시편의 표면 부식은 Cr 도금의 경우에서만 발생되지 않았으며, 인장 시험을 통해 부식과정간 연신율을 비교하였을 때, 2% 이내의 차이를 확인하였다.

• 대한용접접합학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한용접접합학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the International Welding/Joining Conference-Korea
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• pp.273-275
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• 2002

The effect of post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) of marine structures steel was investigated at electrochemical viewpoint. In addition, slow strain rate test (SSRT) was carried out to investigate both electrochemical and mechanical properties by PWHT effect during impressed current cathodic protection. The optimum cathodic protection potential by SSRT was -770 mV(SCE). At the applied cathodic protection potential of -770 mV -850 mV(SCE), the fracture morphology was dimple pattern with ductile fracture, while it was transgranular pattern (Q.C: quasi cleavage) under -875 mV(SCE).

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.195-199
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• 2015

Materials of choice for offshore structures and the marine industry have been increasingly favoring materials that offer high strength-to-weight ratios. One of the most promising families of light-weight materials is titanium alloys, but these do have two potential Achilles' heels: (i) the passive film may not form or may be unstable in low oxygen environments, leading to rapid corrosion; and (ii) titanium is a strong hydride former, making it vulnerable to hydrogen embrittlement (cracking) at high temperatures in low oxygen environments. Unfortunately, such environments exist at deep sea well-heads; temperatures can exceed $120^{\circ}C$, and oxygen levels can drop below 1 ppm. The present study demonstrates the results of investigations into the corrosion behavior of a range of titanium alloys, including newly developed alloys containing rare earth additions for refined microstructure and added strength, in artificial seawater over the temperature range of $25^{\circ}C$ to $200^{\circ}C$. Tests include potentiodynamic polarization, crevice corrosion, and U-bend stress corrosion cracking.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 1996년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.697-703
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• 1996

Fatigue strength of high strengthsteels are variable with many different surface treatment. It is well known that residual compressive stress retard fatigue crack growth rate(or arrest crack). High strngth steels are manufactured by following process. Heat treatment, shot peening and chromium plating process. High strength steel(HRC40 or above) which are subjected to fatigue load and dynamic load, chromium plated parts shall be peened in accordance with requirements and baked after plating. The purpose of this paper is to compare and discuss the influence of surface treatment and hydrogen embrittlement on fatigue strength of high strength steel. Therefore, fatigue test was performed to investigate influence of surface treatment. The results shows that shot peening is very effect method in creasing fatigue life and after plating, baking process is essential to prevent hydogen failure. In this paper, the experimental investigation is made to clarify the influence of shot peening conditions and baking process on fatigue strength of high strength steel.