• 한국화재소방학회논문지
• /
• 제28권5호
• /
• pp.14-22
• /
• 2014

석유화학공장에서 화재 폭발사고는 매년 반복되고 있으나 화재 방호시스템에 관한 국내 법규는 최악의 화재 시나리오에 대응하기에는 미흡한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 석유화학공장에서 국내외 화재 방호시스템의 기준을 비교 분석하고 울산국가산업단지 석유화학공장 32개소의 소화설비 현황을 조사하였다. 결론적으로 석유화학공장에서 소화용수는 최악의 화재 시나리오를 기반으로 하여 설계하고 고정식 물분무 설비, 고가 모니터 노즐, 워터커튼 설비, 대용량 포모니터 설비와 같은 소화설비가 최악의 화재 시나리오에 대비하여 설치되어야 할 것으로 나타났다.

• 공업화학
• /
• 제8권3호
• /
• pp.357-364
• /
• 1997

본 연구에서는 비이온성 계면활성제를 사용하여 오염 토양 내의 탄화수소 유기물을 정화하는 데 있어서 필수적인 최적의 비이온성 계면활성제에 대한 조건을 도출하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 비이온성 계면활성제, 물, 탄화수소로 이루어진 3성분계에 대하여 특정 탄화수소 유기물이 계면활성제에 의하여 최대로 가용화될 수 있는 조건을 계면활성제 친수성 기의 변화에 따라 측정하고 비이온성 계면활성제 용액과 탄화수소 사이의 계면장력을 측정하였다. 이런 결과들을 바탕으로 실제 회분식 sur-factant washing 실험을 수행한 결과 탄화수소의 유기물은 PIT(Phase Inversion Temperature)에서 생성되는 middle-phase microemulsion에 최대로 가용화될 수 있었으며, 비이온성 계면활성제 $C_{12}E_5(C_{12}H_{25}O(CH_2CH_2O)_5H)$를 사용했을 경우 $C_{12}E_5$, 물, n-hexadecane으로 이루어진 3성분 계의 PIT에 해당하는 $52^{\circ}C$에서 n-hexadecane이 73.4% 제거되었으며, 반면에 PIT보다 낮은 $25^{\circ}C$와 PIT보다 높은 $60^{\circ}C$에서의 n-hexadecane 제거율은 각각 57.1%, 57.0%를 나타내었다. 이와 같이 PIT조건에서 n-hexadecane이 최대로 가용화되는 것은 계의 소수성-친수성이 균형을 이룸으로 인하여 유기물이 가용화되는 속도가 매우 빠를 뿐 아니라 middle-phase microemulsion과 excess oil phase 사이에 존재하는 $10^{-2}{\sim}10^{-3}dyne/cm$의 매우 낮은 계면장력때문인 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.7-13
• /
• 1990

광합성계를 모방한 인공물의 광분해기에는 광증감제, 전자공여체 및 전자수용체가 필요하다. 광합성계에서는 Mn-tetramer가 물의 산화를 담당하는 종이라는 것이 알려져 있으니 Mn 화합물의 반응성을 아는 것이 중요하다. 이 Mn-tetramer의 모델이 될 수 있는 지용성 및 수용성 Mn(III) porphyrin을 새로이 합성하였다. 지용성 Mn(III) porphyrin은 porphyrin 자체에 금속화하는 방법과 porphyrin 고리 자체를 합성 할 때 긴 탄소사슬을 넣는 방법을 이용하였다. 지용성이나 수용성 Mn(III) Porphyrin은 계면에서 거동이 다를 것으로 생각되기 때문에 그 합성에 의의가 있다고 하겠다. 이 합성된 Mn(III) porphyrin 유도체들은 아민이나 알코올이 존재하는데서 광환원된다는 사실을 알게 되었다. 이 사실은 광증감제와 더불어 이중으로 여기시킬 수 있다는 점에서 큰 의의가 있다.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
• /
• 제24권3호
• /
• pp.253-260
• /
• 2021

The implementation of subsea separation and liquid boosting is becoming a common development scheme for the exploration of deep water fields. Subsea separation is an attractive and economic solution to develop deep offshore fields producing fluid without hydrate or wax. A subsea separator can avoid or simplifying costly surface platforms of floating vessels, as well as being an efficient tool to enhance hydrocarbon production. Subsea separation system should be reliable to ensure successful operation in a wide range of 3-phase flow regime. In this study, multiphase flow characteristics inside in-line type subsea separation system are investigated for the design of subsea separation system.

• 동력기계공학회지
• /
• 제8권3호
• /
• pp.5-10
• /
• 2004

This work deals with a controlled auto-ignition (CAI) single cylinder gasoline engine, focusing on the extension of operating conditions. In order to keep a homogeneous air-fuel mixing, the fuel injector is water-cooled by a specially designed coolant passage. Investigated are the engine emission characteristics under the wide range of operating conditions such as 40 in the air-fuel ratio, 1000 to 1800 rpm in the engine speed, $150\;to\;180^{\circ}C$ in the inlet-air temperature, and $80^{\circ}$ BTDC to $20^{\circ}$ ATDC in the injection timing. A controlled auto-ignition gasoline engine which has the ultra lean-burn with self-ignition of gasoline fuel can be achieved by heating inlet air. It can be achieved that the emission concentrations of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides had been significantly reduced by CAI combustion compared with conventional spark ignition engine.

• 전기화학회지
• /
• 제12권3호
• /
• pp.219-233
• /
• 2009

Mobile devices in the next generation such as camera, cell phone, network, Note PC, etc. require higher power and energy sources due to convergences of various functions. Direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) has been focused as an attractive power source, but there are critical issues involved in its commercialization with regard to the core technologies of materials, components, and system. The requirements of key technologies are differentiated from applications and fuel supply methods. Here, the roles of the proton-conducting membrane are discussed and the current status of DMFC systems is discussed in terms of proton conductivity, methanol permeability, and water management. Materials such as perfluorinated and partially fluorinated membranes, hydrocarbon membranes, composite membranes, and other modified ionomers have been studied. These would explain the critical issues of DMFC and the role of membranes for commercialization.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.25-31
• /
• 1994

It is very important factor to reduce air pollution from any engines. Some exhaust gases, as $CO_2$, $NO_X$ and $SO_X$, are the products by combustion of hydrocarbon fuel and air. Hydrogen is clean energy to keep our environment out of air pollution. In this study a turbine engine system is theoretically developed which produces pure water only with no exhaust gas by combustion of hydrogen and stoichiometric oxygen. The thermal efficiency of the whole system can be calculated by calculation of each part.

• 동력기계공학회지
• /
• 제13권3호
• /
• pp.5-10
• /
• 2009

This work deals with a controlled auto-ignition (CAI) single cylinder gasoline engine, focusing on the extension of operating conditions. The fuel is injected indirectly into electrically heated inlet air flow. In order to keep a homogeneous air-fuel mixing, the fuel injector is cooled by the water of a specially designed coolant passage. The engine emission characteristics were investigated under the wide range of operating conditions such as 32 to 63 in the air-fuel ratio, 1000 to 1800 rpm in the engine speed, and 150 to $180^{\circ}C$ in the inlet air temperature. The ultra lean-burn can be achieved by the auto-ignition of gasoline fuel due to the heated inlet air in the compression ignition gasoline engine. It is confirmed that the emission concentrations of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxide can be significantly reduced by CAI combustion compared with the combustion of a conventional spark ignition engine.

• 자원환경지질
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 1976

It is believed that geological survey, drilling and geophysical survey which was carried out on Tertiary deposits in Pohang is a valuable but through the studying of many Tertiary sediments in Japan discovered many questions on analysis of final report prepared by National geological survey. The main reason is: 1. The seismic sound velocity which have regulated in the final report prepared by geological survey for Tertiary deposits in Pohang was 1,500-2,000m/sec in spite of oil bearing sediments of same age in Japan are 2,000-3,800m/sec. These may means the requirement of reconsideration of seismic velocity for Tertiary deposits in Pohang and required to have a dipper drilling. 2. Stratigraphically, geophysically, and paleontologically, the Tertiary deposits in Pahang land area is similar with that of Nishiyama-Hunakawa formations of Akita oil field in Japan. Nishiyama-Hunakawa formation is the main oil bearing formation in Japan. 3. Those valcanic rock including andestitic rock and liparitic rock which have extensively distributed over either at land area or at sea bottom, assumed by geological survey as the base of Tertiary sediments. But in case of Japan many oil bearing deposits are in over laid by these kind of volcanic rock. Therefore a possible of same condition with Japan is presumable on Tertiary sediments in Pohang. 4. It is believed that the Tertiary sediments of land area in Pohang is the extension of offshore basin but is wandering that the final report submitted by geologic survey have not remain any word on report of ECAFE discribed so much problematics as followed: A. Although it was assumed that no great thickness exceeding 1,000 meters, or major structures would be encountered in the Tertiary offshore sequence, it was hoped that shallow hydrocarbon deposits might be found, because these sediment are lithologically similar to those of the same age in the producing area of the northwest Honshu region of Japan where hydrocarbon are extracted from depths of only 500 to 600 meters. B. Four possible hydrocarbon trap conditions are represented in the survey area: anticlinal folds, faults, pinch outs, along the igneous basement and lateral facies changes. C. Most of the prime possible reservoir area are beyond the 50 meter water depth mark, except for the structures in Yonil Bay. D. Despite the shallowness of the offshore basin, sufficient trap condition exist in the area to warrant further exploration for hydrocarbon. 5. All of the problems mentioned above have gave us a strong reasons to have us hesitating to make a final conclusion on Tertiary problems in Pohang, before to have a drill to a depth to 3,000 meters or more whatever it is the Tertiary or a Mesozoics below 1,000 meters.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.61-67
• /
• 2009

현장규모의 유류오염 토양세척에 따른 세척 유출수를 처리하기 위해 다단계 물리화학적 무방류 수처리시스템을 이용하였다. 오염토양세척 후 세척토양과 세척수 처리효율을 평가하기 위해 단위공정별 잔류하는 TPH(세척토양), COD$_{Mn}$, SS, n-hexane을 분석하였다. 세척 유출수 시료채취지점은 침사지,응집 침전조 그리고 유수분리조의 유출수,공정수,저장조 유입수로 4곳의 시료채취 지점에서 총 3회에 걸쳐서 실시하였다. 또한 약8개월간의 토양세척 및 공정수 저장조의COD$_{Mn}$, SS, 그리고 n-hexane을 분석하였다. 그결과, 오염토양의 농도조건과 상관없이 오염토양의 세척효율이 평균95.9%로 높았고, 수처리 공정 최종 방류구인 공정수 저장수의 COD$_{Mn}$, SS, 그리고 n-hexane가 수질환경보전법상 청정지역 방류수질기준 미민으로 검출되었다. 현장규모의 토양 세척수 처리시스템은 세척수를 100%세척공정수로 재이용하여 환경친화적이고 경제적인 토양세척 처리공법이 될 수 있음을 시사하고 있다.