• 한국해양학회지
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.118-123
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• 1986

A gas chromatographic oil fingerprinting method is a technique used for comparative source identification of spilled oil. The hydrocarbon and sulfur compound analysis by gas chromatography are generally used for analyzing oils. However, due to the complexity of oils, another technique is also needed for comparative identification. In this study, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons contained in crude oil and heavy fuel oil are analyzed by gas chromatography. They are relatively unaffected by weathering condition because they are stable. The oil fingerprinting of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by GC seems to be a reliable technique for analyzing oils in identification of sources and kinds of oils.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.344-352
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• 1991

The whole volatile flavor concentrate obtained from Jindalrae flower was separated into hydrocarbon and oxygen-containing compound(OCC) fractions, and the OCC-fraction was further separated by column chromatography into nine sub-fractions, respectively. These fractions were analyzed by gas chromatography and combined gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy. One hundred and sixty-two components, including 61 hydrocarbons, 18 aldehydes, 18 esters, 41 alcohols, 3 ketones, 4 oxides, 8 acids, 6 phenols and 3 miscellaneous components, were identified.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.60-65
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• 2005

Nowadays HCFCs refrigerant are restricted because it cause depletion of ozone layer. However, natural gases such as ammonia as an organic compound, propane and propylene as hydrocarbon are easy and cheap to obtain as well as environmental. Accordingly, this experiment apply the $NH_3$ and R22 to study the performance characteristic from the superheat control and compare the energy efficiency of two refrigerants from the high performance. The condensing pressure of refrigeration system is increased from 15bar to 16bar and degree of superheat is increased from 0 to $10^{\circ}C$ at each condensing pressure. As the result of experiment, when comparing the each COP, we knew the $NH_3$ is suitable as the alternative refrigerant of the R22.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.23-31
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• 2017

Large-scale fuel tanks emit massive amount of hardly-combustible VOC mixtures which are light hydrocarbon species in dilution with nitrogen and carbon dioxide. We have developed a lab-scale burner to combust those VOC mixtures by use of a turbulent partially-premixed flame as a pilot flame. For a higher HC treatment ratio, the mixture gases were reformed by a rotating arc plasma device. The results showed that the nitrogen mole fraction and the injecting speed of the VOC mixture influence on the performance of the burner. It was also found that the size of the pilot flame and the power supplied to the plasma device determine the overall HC treatment ratio and the concentrations of CO and NOx in the exhaust gas.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.475-481
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• 2017

In this paper, high speed camera images were used to analyze the supercritical injection behavior of liquid hydrocarbon compounds used as main components of propellant fuel. Decane and Methylcyclohexane (MCH), which have different critical points among kerosene constituents, were selected as experimental fluid and Shadowgraphy technique was used for the analysis. The difference in the temperature variation from the initial injector state of the subcritical condition until the vaporization occurs was represented by the different behaviors of Decane and MCH. However, under the Supercritical conditions, the enthalpy of vaporization near the critical point approaches zero and the phase change to the Supercritical phase occurs instead of vaporization process. In the phase change of the Supercritical system, there was no rapid density change, so the liquid state image was observed in both the Decane and MCH.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.389-397
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• 1996

The volatile concentrate obtained from the edible Korean dureup plant (Aralia elata Seem.) by a distillation-extraction system was separated into hydrocarbon and oxygen-containing fractions, and the latter was further separated into nine subfractions by silica gel column chromatography. Gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) were utilized to identify 167 volatile compounds in the fractions. The volatile compounds included 72 hydrocarbons, 31 alcohols, 23 aldehydes, 16 esters, 10 acids, 6 ketons, 3 furans, 2 phenols, 1 indole, 1 oxide, 1 sulfide, and 1 lactone. ${\beta}-Caryopyllene$, a sesquiterpene hydrocarbon, was the most abundant volatile compound identified in Korean dureup (19.53%). Dureup oil was found to possess a woody or herbaceous aroma following sensory evaluation of each fraction and individual volatile component using a GC-sniff apparatus.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.430-439
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• 2016

Medicine herb residues boards were manufactured by using medicine herb residues, and emission properties of volatile compounds from boards were examined under various temperature conditions. The volatile compounds were identified with analysis of TD GC/MS by absorbing their flavor components in Tenax tubes. Total 88 volatile compounds were identified from the board. The number of identified compounds at temperature conditions of $25^{\circ}C$, $35^{\circ}C$, and $45^{\circ}C$ were 44, 55, and 65 kinds, respectively. The number of volatile compounds and the total peak area tended to increase with an increase in the temperature. The number of the flavor components detected in all temperature conditions were 34 kinds. Hydrocarbon compounds showed 93% of the detected flavor compounds at $25^{\circ}C$, 92% at $35^{\circ}C$, and 90% at $45^{\circ}C$. Ether compounds accounted for 4% and ketone, aldehyde, and acid-type compounds were detected in a small quantity. The hydrocarbons were composed of 17 kinds of monoterpenes and 39 kinds of sesquiterpenes, which accounted for 11% and 80%, respectively. The most detected compound of monoterpene was limonene, and the major flavor components of sesquiterpenes were ${\alpha}-curcumene$, zingiberene, ${\beta}-elemene$, ${\beta}-selinene$, ${\alpha}-amorphene$, and ${\alpha}-copaene$. Anethole (3.26%) known for ether compounds was detected considerably in all temperature conditions. The results suggest that the manufactured medicine herb residues board include various types of flavor compounds and the flavor compounds might be useful for the manufacture of various products.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.159-167
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• 2010

To provide a basis for studying the pharmacological actions of tetracaine HCl, we analyzed the membrane activities of this local anesthetic. The n-(9-anthroyloxy) stearic and palmitic acid (n-AS) probes (n = 2, 6, 9, 12 and 16) have been used previously to examine fluorescence polarization gradients. These probes can report the environment at a graded series of depths from the surface to the center of the membrane bilayer structure. In a dosedependent manner, tetracaine HCl decreased the anisotropies of 6-AS, 9-AS, 12-AS and 16-AP in the hydrocarbon interior of synaptosomal plasma membrane vesicles isolated from bovine cerebral cortex (SPMV), and liposomes derived from total lipids (SPMVTL) and phospholipids (SPMVPL) extracted from the SPMV. However, this compound increased the anisotropy of 2-AS at the membrane interface. The magnitude of the membrane rotational mobility reflects the carbon atom numbers of the phospholipids comprising SPMV, SPMVTL and SPMVPL and was in the order of the 16, 12, 9, 6, and 2 positions of the aliphatic chains. The sensitivity of the effects of tetracaine HCl on the rotational mobility of the hydrocarbon interior or surface region was dependent on the carbon atom numbers in the descending order 16-AP, 12-AS, 9-AS, 6-AS and 2-AS and on whether neuronal or model membranes were involved in the descending order SPMV, SPMVPL and SPMVTL.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.132-134
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• 2016

The Study mainly focused on bioremediation of 16 types PAHs and heavy metals in contaminated marine sediments at filed scale study using slow release biostimulant ball (BSB) was investigated. In our experiment, filed scale study ($1m{\times}1m$) was performed and the effect of BSB on PAHs and heavy metals were analysed. BSB size and distance were determined and optimum size and distance were 3cm and 5.5cm respectively. BSB containing nutrients of acetate, nitrate and sulphate which can enhance the activity of microorganism to increase degrading capacity of PAHs and enhance the heavy metals stabilization also to decrease bioavailability. PAHs containing 16 types of 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 rings compound PAHs were found and to degrade upto 100% in 2, 3 rings, upto 90 to 94% in 4 and 5 rings and 6 ring compound was degrade up to 70%. For heavy metals stabilization percentage was increased using BSB sediment and exchangeable portion was decreased and residual portion was increased in all analysed heavy metals. BSB enhance the PAHs degradation and stabilization of heavy metals percentages. BSB is a promising method for remediation of PAHs and heavy metals in contaminated marine sediments.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.24 no.4 s.79
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• pp.293-304
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• 1996

A bacterial strain, KSl, possessing strong antifungal activity was isolated from soil samples of ginseng fields and identified as Bacillus subtilis. In greenhouse test, the culture filtrate of B. subtilis KS1 showed strong protective effect against several fungal diseases of agricultural plants such as cucumber gray mold and wheat leaf rust. In addition, the crude butanol fraction of the culture filtrate exhibited antagonistic effect against several fungi including plant or human pathogens, such as Botrytis maydis, Chytridium lagenarium and Candida albicans. The antifungal compound, SW1, produced by B. subtilis KS1 was purified through consecutive chromatographic separations on a pep-RPC column and a ${\mu}$ Bondapak $C_{18}$ reverse phase column. Temperature and pH showed little effect on the stability of the compound in the ranges $-20-121^{\circ}C$ and pH 4.0-10.0, respectively. The composition and structural characteristics of SW1 were analysed by HPLC and by $^1H-,\;^1H-^1H-COSY$, NOESY, COSY-NOESY and HOHAHA NMR spectroscopy, respectively, which revealed that the compound belongs to iturin A, a typical cyclic antifungal compound produced by B. subtilis. In contrast to the previously reported iturin A compounds which have one or no $-CH_3$ side chain in the hydrophobic hydrocarbon chain of ${\beta}-amino$ acids, SW1 was shown to have a ${\beta}-amino$ acid containing 12-carbon skeleton with two $-CH_3$ side chains.