• 제목/요약/키워드: Hydrocarbon Compound

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Human Health Risk Assessment Strategy to Evaluate Non-carcinogenic Adverse Health Effect from Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon at POL-Contaminated Sites in Korea (국내 유류오염지역에서의 석유계총탄화수소에 의한 비발암 인체위해성평가 전략)

  • Park, In-Sun;Park, Jae-Woo
    • Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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    • v.16 no.4
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    • pp.10-22
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    • 2011
  • Human health risk assessment for petroleum, oil and lubricant (POL) contaminated sites is challenging as total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) is not a single compound but rather a mixture of numerous substances. To address this concern, several TPH fractionation approaches have been proposed and used as an effective management tool for the POL-contaminated sites in many countries. In Korea, there are also recognized needs to establish a reliable and cost-effective human health risk assessment strategy based on the TPH fractionation method. In order to satisfy the social and institutional demand, this study suggested that the comprehensive risk assessment strategy based on a newly modified TPH fractionation method with 10 fractions, the Korean Standard Test Method (KSTM)-based analytical protocol and a stepwise risk assessment framework should be introduced into the domestic contaminated land management system. Under the proposed strategy, POL-contaminated sites can be effectively managed in terms of human health protection, and remedial cost and time can be determined reasonably. In addition, more researches required to increase our understanding of environmental risks and improve the domestic management system were proposed.

Influence of Critical Point of Hydrocarbon Jet Injected into Near-Critical Environment on Injection Behavior (근임계 환경으로 분사되는 탄화수소 제트의 임계점이 분사거동에 미치는 영향)

  • Yoon, Taekyung;Shin, Dongsoo;Lee, Keonwoong;Koo, Jaye
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers
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    • v.22 no.5
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    • pp.32-39
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    • 2018
  • Supercritical injection behavior of liquid hydrocarbon compounds, which are used as main components of propellant fuel, was analyzed. Decane and Methylcyclohexane (MCH) with different critical points were selected as experimental fluid and Shadowgraphy technique was used. Decane and MCH behave differently in the initial state under the subcritical condition. However, near the critical point, the enthalpy of evaporation became close to 0, so that phase change into supercritical fluid occurred, not vaporization process, and no breakup of both fluids occurred.

Lubricating Characteristics of Diesel Fuel (경유의 윤활특성)

  • 신성철;강익중
    • Tribology and Lubricants
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    • v.16 no.5
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    • pp.332-340
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    • 2000
  • The reduction of sulfur content in the diesel fuel has caused the poor lubricity of diesel fuel in the distributor type injection pumps of diesel engines that use the diesel for lubrication of their moving parts. To investigate the reason for poor lubricity of low sulfur diesel fuels, the wear scar diameters by HFRR (High Frequency Reciprocating Rig) were measured on the diesel fuels from Korean markets and the results were compared with their physical and chemical properties. Also, the lubricity change and the improvement effects on lubricity additives for the ultra low sulfur diesel fuel, were made experimentally, that will be regulated to a maximum of 0.005 wt% from about 2005 were evaluated. As a result, a good correlation was found between the wear scar diameter and the polyaromatic compound which includes heterocyclic compound in the diesel fuel. It was also found that the content of polyaromatic compound including heterocyclic compound was affected by the amount of desulfurization treatment fraction. And the lubricity additives with ester base were more effective than that with acid base on the ultra low sulfur diesel fuel. Therefore, it is suggested that the factors affecting the lubricity stated above should be taken into account to improve the lubricity property of the diesel fuel in the refining process.

An Equilibrium Analysis to Determine the Speciation of Metals in the Incineration of Waste Containing Chlorine (염소를 함유한 폐기물의 소각시 생성되는 유해 중금속류 결정에 대한 화학 평형 계산)

  • ;;Hwang, Jung-Ho
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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    • v.19 no.12
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    • pp.3372-3381
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    • 1995
  • An equilibrium analysis was carried out to determine principal species of heavy metals in waste incineration and their behaviors with variation of temperature, chlorine concentration, excess air ratio, and C/H ratio. The waste was assumed as a compound of hydrocarbon fuel, chlorine, and metals. Calculated results showed that the most important parameter to determine the principal species was temperature. Chlorine concentration also affected on mole fractions of the principal species. Generally principal species at high temperature were chlorides while there were some metals of which principal species were oxides. At low temperature mole fractions of the principal species increased, but at high temperature mole fractions of some metal species decreased. C/H ratio of the hydrocarbon fuel and excess air ratio had little effect on mole fractions of the metal species, compared to the temperature and chlorine concentration.

Preparation of Polycyclic Hydrocarbon Compounds by Dimerization Reaction of Norbornadiene (Norbornadiene의 이량화반응에 의한 다중고리 탄화수소화합물의 제조)

  • Jeong, Byung-Hun;Han, Jeong-Sik
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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    • 2007.11a
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    • pp.190-193
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    • 2007
  • Present study examines the experimental results of polycyclic hydrocarbons compound prepared by norbornadiene dimerization reaction. Pentacyclic exo-t-exo, hexacyclic exo-endo, hexacyclic endo-endo isomers of NBD dimer were synthesized by selective dimerization of NBD monomer. Dimerization catalysts, reaction procedure and product analysis method were developed respectively. Through this experiment, mild reaction conditions, relatively high NBD dimer yields were obtained and this reaction technologies will be usefully applied to high energy density liquid fuel development.

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The Analytical Bias of Total Hydrocarbon (THC) Measurements in Relation to the Selection of Standard Gas Compound (총탄화수소의 계측에서 표준시료성분의 선택에 따른 오차 발생 연구)

  • Kim, Ki-Hyun
    • Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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    • v.26 no.4
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    • pp.449-452
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    • 2010
  • In this article, the performance of the THC analyzer was inspected using two different span gases of methane ($CH_4$) and propane ($C_3H_8$). To explore the effect of standard gas selection, MicroFID system was tested by the following procedures. Initially, the system is spanned by propane gas of 60 ppm (or 180 ppmC). The system is then run against methane standards prepared at 5 different concentrations of 200, 250, 300, 400, and 500 ppm. According to the suggestion of the KMOE's test procedure to use multiplying a factor of 3 (for propane), the resulting THC values derived by methane standards were systematically biased with ~500% error relative to true value. This paper discusses the interpretation procedures to obtain the least biased THC values for a given span set-up.

Studies on the Components of the Seeds of Phaseolus radiatus (녹두의 성분연구)

  • Shin, Soon-Hee;Kang, Sam-Sik;Kwon, Kyung-Sook
    • YAKHAK HOEJI
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    • v.34 no.4
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    • pp.282-286
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    • 1990
  • An hydrocarbon alcohol and steroids were isolated from the hexane fraction of the extract from the seeds of Phaseolus radiatus L. And also a flavonoid was identified from the ethyl acetate and butanol fraction. The structure of the obtained compound were elucidated by spectroscopic methods (UV, IR, mass and NMR) and their physicochemical properties. As the results, triacontanol, stigmasterol, ${\beta}-sitosterol$ and vitexin were identified.

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Studies on the Terpenoid Component of the roots of Codonopsis lanceolata $B_{ENTH.}$ et $H_{OOK.}$ (사삼(沙蔘)의 Terpenoid성분(成分)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究))

  • Chung, Bo-Sup;Lah, Doe-Seon
    • Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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    • v.8 no.2
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    • pp.49-53
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    • 1977
  • A triterpenoid compound$(C_{30}H_{50}O)$ was isolated from the hydrocarbon and alcohol fraction of the roots of $Codonopsis\;lanceolata\;B_{ENTH}$. et $H_{OOK}$. (Campanulaceae) and it was identified as cycloartenol by physico- chemical data.

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Changes on the Nature of Crude Oil and Heavy Fuel Oil exposed on the Sea Surface (해상에서 원유 및 중유의 경시변화 특성연구)

  • 김영희;이창섭
    • 한국해양학회지
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.74-82
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    • 1985
  • Exposed on the sea, the oils are affected by the combined effects of evaporation, solution, chemical oxidation, and biological decomposition. Therefore the samples were taken after artificial weathering, and they were analyzed by gas chromatography for sulfur and hydrocarbons. The measurement results of gas chromatography have shown characteristic patterns. The peaks of the lower hydrocarbons in pollutant oil decreased with time. But the chromatograms for sulfur compound analysed by FPD showed little changes with lapse of time. The hydrocarbon and sulfur compound analysis by gas chromatography can be effectively used for analyzing oils for comparative identification.

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Heavy Metals in Ambient Air at Shinchon Area in Seoul (도시 대기중 중금속에 관한 연구 -서울시 신촌지역을 중심으로-)

  • Chung, Yong;Jang, Jae-Yeon;Chu, Ui-Jo
    • Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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    • v.3 no.2
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    • pp.18-26
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    • 1987
  • In order to investigate the character of air pollution by heavy metals and to elucidate the possible sources in Seoul city, this study was performed to measure the concentrations of heavy metals of total suspended particulate and air pollutants such as $SO_2, NO_2, CO, CH_4$, Non-methane hydrocarbon, ozone at the residential-traffic area (shinchon dong) in January and February, 1986. The results are as follows: 1. $SO_2$ and TSP concentration were 135ppb and 167 $\mug/m^3$ in average, respectively. 2. While concentrations of heavy metals such as Fe, Cu, Pb in the ambient air seems gradually decreasing annually, Ni compound has been shown the tendency of increasing. 3. Among heavy metals in TSP analysed, the iron was detected at the highest level, 0.905% and the cadimium was the lowest 0.004% in average, respectively. 4. V, Fe and Zn compounds in air were observed to be highly correlated with their correlation coefficients(r) higher than 0.7. Pb compound was highly correlated to the levels of Zn and Fe, however relatively less correlated to V compound. 5. Among concentrations of heavy metals in the particulates, V and Ni compounds were highly correlated with coefficient(r) of 0.8587; the cause might be imagined by the fact of releasing from combustion of fuel oil. Fe, Pb and Zn compounds were highly correlated $SO_2$ concentration. It might be explained that they were released by combustion of coal. 6. The level of $SO_2$ was highly correlated to most of heavy metals: especially correlation coefficient(r) to Pb compound was 0.9081. Pb compound was also highly correlated to NO, CO and TSP. TSP showed higher correlation to Pb and Cd compounds than to V and Ni compounds. It might be assumed that particulate was mainly produced by combusting coal from space heating and by exhausting gasoline and diesel oil from transportation rather than by burning fuel oil.

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