• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2019

Recently, as electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles are widely used, the use of rechargeable batteries is increasing. Electric and hybrid cars are made up of hundreds to thousands of electric cells depending on the car model. And the assembly process of the cells and modules requires a variety of bonding process. Meanwhile, in order to connect several cells in series, Cu used as a cathode and Al of an anode must be bonded. In this paper, the characteristics of Al and Cu metals, laser types, characteristics and principles of welding lasers for welding of Cu and Al electrodes are introduced.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
• /
• 제6권5호
• /
• pp.529-536
• /
• 2005

This paper presents a novel design of a fuzzy control strategy (FCS) based on torque distribution for parallel hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). An empirical load-regulating vehicle operation strategy is developed on the basis of analysis of the components efficiency map data and the overall energy conversion efficiency. The aim of the strategy is to optimize the fuel economy and balance the battery state-of-charge (SOC), while satisfying the vehicle performance and drivability requirements. In order to accomplish this strategy, a fuzzy inference engine with a rule-base extracted from the empirical strategy is designed, which works as the kernel of a fuzzy torque distribution controller to determine the optimal distribution of the driver torque request between the engine and the motor. Simulation results reveal that compared with the conventional strategy which uses precise threshold parameters the proposed FCS improves fuel economy as well as maintains better battery SOC within its operation range.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
• /
• 제34권5호
• /
• pp.490-496
• /
• 2023

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) research is recently actively underway. Especially, fuel cell battery hybrid systems are widely used to overcome the limitations of continuous operation. However, fuel cell systems must be operated in combination with a battery due to their low specific output characteristics. Therefore, a hybrid power system model for UAVs is developed. The rule-based strategy is applied to the model to properly distribute power to batteries and fuel cells. As a result, the designed rule-based power distribution control operates UAVs while maintaining battery state of charge(SOC) at an appropriate level.

• 에너지공학
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.170-175
• /
• 2016

현재 자동차의 주요 동력원은 내연기관이 가장 많은 비중을 차지하고 있다. 내연기관 자동차로 인한 환경문제를 해결하기 위한 친환경 자동차로는 하이브리드 자동차, 전기 자동차 및 공기 엔진 자동차 등을 들 수 있다. 배터리를 이용하는 하이브리드 차나 순수 전기차 등도 아직은 크지 않으나 점차 많은 비중을 차지하여 나가고 있다. 전기모터를 사용하는 전기차에 비해 압축공기를 이용하는 공기 엔진 자동차는 아직은 연구개발이 거의 이루어지지 않은 상태이다. 본 논문에서는 스크롤 팽창기를 적용하는 새로운 압축공기 엔진을 소개하고, 이 엔진을 장착한 자동차의 주행거리 가능 거리를 이론적으로 산출하였다.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.3-29
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study is to estimate consumer preferences on hybrid cars and electric cars by employing a choice experiment reflecting the various market conditions, such as different projected market shares of green vehicles and $CO_2$ emission regulations. Depending on different market scenarios, we examine as to which attribute and individual characteristic affect the preferences of potential consumers on green vehicles and further, forecast the potential market shares of green cars. The primary results, estimated by a conditional logit and panel probit models, indicate that sales price, fuel cost, maximum speed, emission of air pollutants, fuel economy, and distance between fuel stations can significantly affect consumer's choice of environment-friendly cars. The second finding is that the unique features of electric cars might better appeal to consumers as the market conditions for electric cars are improved. Third, education, age, and gender can significantly affect individual preferences. Finally, as the market conditions become more favorable toward green cars, the forecasted market shares of hybrid and electric vehicles will increase up to 67% and 14%.

• 전기학회논문지
• /
• 제65권12호
• /
• pp.2197-2210
• /
• 2016

Recently, the trend of zero emissions has increased in automotive engineering because of environmental problems and regulations. Therefore, the development of battery electric vehicles (EVs), hybrid/plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs/PHEVs), and fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) has been mainstreamed. In particular, for light-duty electric vehicles, improvement in electric motor performance is directly linked to driving range and driving performance. In this paper, using an improved design for the interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM), the EV driving range for the light-duty EV was extended. In the electromagnetic design process, a 2D finite element method (FEM) was used. Furthermore, to consider mechanical stress, ANSYS Workbench was adopted. To conduct a vehicle simulation, the vehicle was modeled to include an electric motor model, energy storage model, and regenerative braking. From these results, using the advanced vehicle simulator (ADVISOR) based on MATLAB Simulink, a vehicle simulation was performed, and the effects of the improved design were described.

• 전력전자학회논문지
• /
• 제15권5호
• /
• pp.369-375
• /
• 2010

본 논문은 전기자동차 (Electric Vehicles, EVs) 및 플러그인 하이브리드 자동차 (Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles, PHEVs)용 리튬 이온 (Li-Ion) 배터리 충전을 위한 3.3 kW급 차량 탑재형 (On-Board) 충전기 하드웨어의 설계 및 제작에 대하여 기술한다. 차량 실장 특성을 고려하여 부하직렬공진형 dc-dc 컨버터를 적용하고, 80-130kHz의 고주파 스위칭 및 ZVS (Zero-Voltage Switching) 기법을 통해 수동소자의 크기를 최적화하여 5.84L, 5.8kg의 저부피, 경량을 달성한다. 전자부하를 대상으로 정전류 (Constant Current, CC) 및 정전압 (Constant Voltage, CV) 제어를 수행하여 92.5%의 고효율 획득 및 성능을 검증한다.

• 한국생산제조학회지
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.7-14
• /
• 2014

The core of the automotive industry's strategy to handle the climate change can be explained as the development and distribution of the vehicles with high fuel efficiencies and low emission. Clean Diesel, hydrogen fuel cell, electric, and especially hybrid power-train vehicles have been actively studied. This paper dynamically analyzes the performance of a hybrid system's five driving modes. The research subject consists of one engine, two electric motors, two simple planetary gears, and one compound planetary gears with five clutches. To define the steady state equation of the system, interaction formulas of five driving modes are introduced with motion variables and torque variables. These formulas are then used to analyze the speeds, torques, and power flows of each mode.

• Journal of Power Electronics
• /
• 제11권4호
• /
• pp.471-478
• /
• 2011

This paper addresses the establishment of a kVA-range plug-in hybrid electrical vehicle (PHEV) integration test platform and associated issues. Advancements in battery and power electronic technology, hybrid vehicles are becoming increasingly dependent on the electrical energy provided by the batteries. Minimal or no support by the internal combustion engine may result in the vehicle being occasionally unable to recharge the batteries during highly dynamic driving that occurs in urban areas. The inability to sustain its own energy source creates a situation where the vehicle must connect to the electrical grid in order to recharge its batteries. The effects of a large penetration of electric vehicles connected into the grid are still relatively unknown. This paper presents a novel methodology that will be utilized to study the effects of PHEV charging at the sub-transmission level. The proposed test platform utilizes the power hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) concept in conjunction with high-fidelity PHEV energy system simulation models. The battery, in particular, is simulated utilizing a real-time digital simulator ($RTDS^{TM}$) which generates appropriate control commands to a power electronics-based voltage amplifier that interfaces via a LC-LC-type filter to a power grid. In addition, the PHEV impact is evaluated via another power electronic converter controlled through $dSPACE^{TM}$, a rapid control systems prototyping software.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
• /
• 제22권5호
• /
• pp.616-624
• /
• 2019

In order to understand flying aircraft, satellite, missile, etc, a telemetry ground system is used to receive, record, and process the transmitted radio signal from vehicles. In some cases, a line-of-sight communication is not possible along to the trajectory of vehicles, and multipath fading result in a shade area of communication. A number of telemetry ground systems are installed to overcome this limitation, and acquire the transmitted signal seamlessly. The telemetry signals received by multiple independent ground systems have independent probability of errors since they experienced their own communication channels. In other words, we can exploit the independent error characteristics of received signals by processing them in a hybrid method. The optimum hybrid post-process method is proposed in this study, and applied to process telemetry signals acquired from flight tests.