• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.55-63
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• 2001

Objectives: This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of embryonic stage, cryoprotectant, and freezing-thawing method on the rates of survival and development of the cryopreserved mouse early embryo and finally to establish the cryopreservation method of surplus embryos obtained during assisted reproductive technology (ART). Materials and Methods: Two to eight cell embryos were obtained from oviducts of mated $F_1$ hybrid female mice superovulated by pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Two-step 1,2-propanediol (PROH), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and 4-step PROH DMSO were used as cryoprotectant and dehydration and rehydration method of embryos, and slow-cooling or rapid-cooling method was used as frozen program. The survival rates of embryos were measured after thawing and rehydration, and the developmental rates of embryos were compared and observed during culturing embryos for 24, 48, 72, 96 hrs. Results: As for the survival and development rates of embryos according to embryonic stage, the survival rate of 2 cell stage in PROH and DMSO was significantly higher than 4-8 cell (64.5% versus 62.1 %,79.7% versus 73.2%) (p<0.01, p<0.01), but the development rates of 4-8 cell embryos in PROH and DMSO were significantly higher than 2 cell embryos for whole culture period (p<0.01) and the development rates of 4-8 cell embryos in PROH were significantly higher than 2 cell embryos in DMSO (p<0.01). As for the survival and development rates of embryos according to cryoprotectant, the survival rate of 2 cell embryo in DMSO was significantly higher than that in PROH (74.4% versus 64.5%) (p<0.01), whereas the development rate of embryos was not differ till 24 hrs. The developmen1 rate from morular to hatching blastocyst, however, was significantly higher in PROH than in DMSO during 48 hr (p<0.01). The survival rate of 4-8 cell embryo was 62.1% in PROH and 73.2% in DMSO. The development rates of embryo in PROH were significantly higher for whole culture periods (p<0.01, 0.05). In respect to the effect of freezing and thawing program on the survival and development rates of embryos, method of slow cooling and rapid thawing was more effective than that of rapid cooling and rapid thawing. Conclusions: The survival rate of embryo in 2 cell stage was higher than in 4-8 cell stage, and PROH appears more effective cryoprotectant than DMSO because PROH showed better development rates of embryos in 2 and 4-8 cell stage. Moreover, slow cooling and rapid thawing method was considered as the best cryopreservation program.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.14
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• pp.6093-6097
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• 2015

Background: HPV DNA testing has been recently introduced as an adjunct test to cytology in the follow-up of patients after treatment for cervical lesions using the loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP). The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of HPV testing in the detection of persistent or recurrent disease after LEEP in patients with cervical epithelial lesions in northern Thailand. Materials and Methods: Patients who underwent LEEP as a treatment for histological low-grade (LSIL) or high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) or worse at Chiang Mai University Hospital between June 2010 and May 2012 were included. Follow-ups were scheduled at 6-month intervals and continued for 2 years using co-testing (liquid-based cytology and Hybrid Capture 2 [HC2]) at 6 months and 24 months and liquid-based cytology alone at 12 and 18 months. Results: Of 98 patients included, the histological diagnoses for LEEP included LSIL in 16 patients, and HSIL or worse in 82 patients. The LEEP margin status was negative in 84 patients (85.7%). At follow-up, 10 patients (10.2%) had persistent/recurrent lesions; 4 among LSIL patients (25.0%) and 6 in the group with HSIL or worse (7.3%). Only 2 of 82 patients (2.4%) with HSIL or worse diagnoses had histological HSIL in the persistent/recurrent lesions. Using histologically confirmed LSIL as the threshold for the detection of persistent/recurrent disease, cytology had a higher sensitivity than HC2 (90.0% versus 70.0%). At the 6-month follow-up appointment, combined cytology and HC2 (co-testing) had a higher sensitivity in predicting persistent/recurrent disease (80.0%) compared with that of cytology alone (70.0%) and HC2 (50.0%). Conclusions: After LEEP with a negative surgical margin, the rate of persistent/recurrent lesions is low. The addition of HPV testing at the 6-month visit to the usual cytology schedule may be an effective approach in the follow-up after LEEP.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.4297-4302
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• 2015

Background: To evaluate HPV testing by Hybrid Capture II (HCII) in conjunction with cytology in detecting the residual/recurrence disease after treatment of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN II-III) with loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP). Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of 158 patients with histologically confirmed CIN II-III who underwent LEEP between January 2011 and October 2012 was conducted. Post-treatment control was scheduled at the 3rd, 6th, 12th and 18th month. All patients were followed up by Pap smear and HR-HPV genotype and viral load testing. Results: Pre-treatment, HR-HPV DNA, was detected in all specimens of the patients. At follow-up, 25 patients were diagnosed as the residual/recurrent disease during the FU visit, among whom, 16 patients with positive margin: 13 patients (52%) with HR-HPV DNA+/cytology+, 2 patients (8%) with HR-HPV DNA+/cytology-, 1 patient (4%) with cytology+/HR-HPV DNA-; 9 patients with clean margin - 5 patients (55.6%) with HR-HPV DNA+/cytology+; 2 patients (22.2%) with HRHPV DNA+/cytology-, 2 patients (22.2%) with cytology+/HR-HPV DNA-. None of them persisting HR-HPV DNA-/cytology-with positive or negative margin was identified as the residual/recurrent disease. The majority of residual/recurrent disease was detected at the 12th and 18th month FU, and there was almost no difference in the sensitivity and negative predictive value (NPV) between at the 3rd month and the 6th month FU visits. 14 residual/recurrence disease (14/46:30.4%) had pre-treatment high viral load (>5 000 RUL/PC) and 11 (11/112, 9.8%) with pre-treatment low viral load, P<0.05. Conclusions: (1) The persistence HR-HPV DNA is the root cause of the residual/recurrent disease for the women treated for high-grade CIN; the pre-treatment viral load and margin can be seen as the predictor. (2) The FU visit beginning at the 6th month post-treatment and lasting at least 24 months with the combination of cytology and HPV testing. (3) Patients with high pre-treatment HPV load, which is considered as one risk of developing the residual/recurrent disease, should be paid more attention (especially above 500RUL/PC) to by clinicians.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.100-108
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of improvement on the impact resistance and strength properties of cement composites by surface modification of aramid fiber. For aramid fiber reinforced cement composites, therefore, dispersion capability and the bonding efficiency between the fibers and the cement composite material need to be improved. It is possible by modifying surface properties to hydrophobic, it is considered that oiling agent ratio of 1.2 % and improvement of performance is in need to be investigated. In this study, short aramid fibers were mixed by different fiber length and oiling agent ratio. And improvement of strength properties and impact resistance performance of hybrid cement composites were evaluated under the influence of steel fiber. As a result, strength properties of aramid fiber reinforced cement composites are different by mixing ratio of fiber, oiling agent ratio and length of fiber. In case of cement composites which have same volume fraction and fiber length, tensile strength and flexural strength were improved with increase of the emulsions throughput of the fiber surface. The results of evaluation on the static strength properties had effects on impact resistance performance by high-velocity impact. And it was observed that the scabbing of rear was suppressed with increase of the oiling agent ratio.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.87-100
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• 2007

This study aims at analyzing the characteristics of deconestructionism expressed in Issey Myake's fashion who is one of the most creative designers in the world. Method and contents of this study are as follows. Through the review of literatures, three major categories such as interminacy of meaning, decentring, and intertextuality and eight subcategories have been identified as major features of deconestructionism. These subcategories for content analysis were selected to examine the characteristics of deconstructionism expressed in Issey Myake's design in depth. Interminacy of meaning was divided into unstructured and unconstructed factors while decentring into qualities of cross-gender, subculture, anti-fashion, and post-humanism. Lastly, intertextuality was classified into factors of disordered mixing mode and mixed styles. Materials for analysis were chosen from total 349 designs on the website,www.firstview.com, which carries Issey Miyake's collection from 2002 S/S through 2006 F/W. 2 fashion major analysts including the researcher participated in 1st analysis and two another fashion major analysts participated in 2nd analysis. The final level of consistency between analysts was over 97% for all categories. The data analysis quantitatively evaluates the frequency of each category and qualitatively evaluates the characteristics of design. The result is as follows. First, the avant-garde facets of inter-textuality are most prominent. In particular, Miyake has introduced the various novelly textiles to fashion and employed the mixtured styles, not to copy them but to create hybrid designs by using pastiches and mixing fashion styles. Moreover, he has used various fabrics in order to inflict shock and contrast but still create subtle harmony, thus enriching his fashion. Second, the indeterminacy of meaning is the second most frequently shown facet of Miyake's fashion design. Miyake has employed unconstructed expression techniques, which has projected unusual images free from basic forms of designs and also has used the unstructured styles which dismantle harmony and balance-the common rule of design. He has made a new attempt to acknowledge clothing as an expressive artwork by allowing clothes to take a complete form when a person actually wears them. He has demonstrated a unique perspective on cloth construction and presented a love for artistic collaboration in the development of his collections A distinct manufactured aesthetic is exaggerated, even hyperbolic. Thirdly, the aspects of decentralization were also shown in Miyake's design, however, it has been visibly decreased after 2002 S/S.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.189-195
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• 1999

This study was carried out to clarify several factors affecting embryogenesis from anther culture of nine cultivars in Brassica oleracea L. var. italica and to investigate the characteristics of plants derived from anther culture. Androgenesis from anther culture was elevated on the B5 medium supplemented with 0.1mg/L NAA, 0.1mg/L 2.4-D and 10% sucrose. Embryo production in liquid medium was five-fold higher than solid medium. High temperature treatment at 35$^{\circ}C$ for one day before transfer to culture room maintained at $25^{\circ}C$ had effective to induce embryogenesis of cultured anthers but extended treatment at 35$^{\circ}C$ decreased significantly the percent of embryogenesis. Frequency of embryogenesis from cultured anthers exhibited significant difference from 2.8% in 'Green Valiant' to 21% in 'Haisi' as affected by genotypes. Percent of spontaneously dihaploid among regenerated plants from anther culture was ranged from 62 to 74% as affected by the genotypes. Characteristic in relation to plant height, number of leaves and branches, and size of head from anther-derived plants showed differential variation in 'Rokguray' and 'Haisi'. Among these charaters obtained from two cultivars, five lines were selected for early maturity, long plant height and large head. Selected lines were used as breeding meterials for F$_1$ hybrid.

• Proceedings of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society Conference
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.476-484
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• 2005

This paper is to evaluate rather correctly $C^{14}$ ingestion dose that inhabitants around PWR plants can receive, and draw how to apply TF(Transfer Factor) to evaluate dose by the ingestion of animal products. For this, in this paper, dose assessment and analysis about existing materials related to TF were carried out, and the methodology to present TF was based on dose assessment and analysis result. The ingestion dose calculated using TFs presented by CSA and KEPRI was high or equal compared with SAM(Specific Activity Model) which is the most conservative, on the other hand, TFs given by NEC did not consider the effect according to volume change of animal at all, Therefore, it is judged that models used in the existing codes to asses the $C^{14}$ concentration into animal products must be improved to apply fundamentally hybrid model using transfer factors, that transfer factor on each animal products have to be developed through experiment for applying to our county.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.228-243
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• 1997

The changes of microstructures, morphology of sclerotic dentin and bonding aspects generated by an adhesive resin was investigated. Incisors and premolars showing natural cervical abrasions were collected and conditioned with 10 % phosphoric acid or 10 % maleic acid. The sclerotic dentin specimens were then rinsed and blot-dried and applied with dentin adhesive (All Bond 2) to the conditioned dentin surface. To examine the morphologic change of the sclerotic dentin specimen after etching and bonding procedure, the treated specimens were examined by SEM. To analyze the chemical composition of sclerotic dentin and crystals occluding dentinal tubules, the sclerotic dentin specimen was powdered and examined with X-ray Diffractometer. To investigate the Ca/P weight percent ratio within the dentinal tubules, the sclerotic dentin specimen was fractured perpendicularly to the long axis of the tooth from the center of cervical abrasion lesion and then examined with EDX(Energy Dispersive X-ray) microanalyzer. The results were as follows : 1. The increased width of peritubular dentin and the depositions of the irregular amorphous materials within the dentinal tubules were showed in the sclerotic dentin specimens. 2. After the treatment of sclerotic dentin specimen with 10 % phosphoric acid or 10 % maleic acid, the lateral side of tubules rather than cross-sectional tubule openings was showed exclusively at the incisal and gingival incline of the specimens. 3. After the treatment of sclerotic dentin specimen with 10 % phosphoric acid or 10 % maleic acid, the hybrid layer was not formed evidently and the resin tag was not formed or shortly penetrated into the tubules with the thinner diameter. 4. According to the results of XRD analysis of the sclerotic dentin specimen, Hydroxyapatite and Octacalcium phosphate were predominent, however, Whitlockite crystals were rare. 5. The mean Ca/P weight percent ratio analysed from 5 fractured sclerotic dentin specimens was $2.322{\pm}0.170$ at the intertubular dentin, $1.826{\pm}0.051$ within the dentinal tubule.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.25-33
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• 1978

7 parent varieties and 21 $_{x}\textrm{F}_1 and $_{x}\textrm{F}_2 hybrids from 7 X 7 partial diallel crosses were used as the materials, and degree of heterosis was studied in 9 agronomic characters of rice. Degree of heterosis was more remarkable in $_{x}\textrm{F}_1 hybrids than $_{x}\textrm{F}_2 hybrids. and significant differences were showed in many hybrid generations. and also over dominance could be shoo wed in eight characters except 1000 kernel weight of rice.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.375-379
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• 2007

This study was carried out to examine the effects of storage duration on physico-chemical properties of milled rice. Rough rice of three rice ecotypes(Japonica, Tongil and F1 hybrids with Tongil back-ground) was stored for 4, 16, 28 and 40 months without artificial environmental control in seed warehouse. And this materials were investigated for seed germination rate, brown rice hardness, alkali digestion value(ADV), contents of protein, amylose, total sugar, and reducing sugar. Seed germination rate was significantly reduced with storage duration increased regardless of rice ecotypes : 66.7% from 16 months storage, 2.5% from 28, and nil from 40 months storage in Japonica rices. And 54.0%, 67.9% in Tongil, and F1 hybrid after 40 months storage, respectively. Brown rice hardness was not significantly affected by storage duration but showed significant genotypic differences. As the storage duration prolonged, sugar content and alkali digestion value increased, protein content declined while amylose content did not show clear tendency. Total and reducing sugar contents showed sharp increase upto 16 months storage and thereafter steady in crease, and the percentage of reducing sugar content out of total sugar content increased with extended storage duration.