• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.97-110
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• 2006

The value that evaluates ancient Oriental civilization and culture is Hwa-i-kwan(華夷觀: the view that China is only good country and the others are savages) as Confucianism. Generally, Hwa-i-kwan(華夷觀) includes cultural Hwa-i-kwan(華夷觀) as Confucian culture is only superior, Han-centered racial Hwa-i-kwan(華夷觀), and country-centered geographical Hwa-i-kwan(華夷觀). As times goes on, instead racial and geographical Hwa-i-kwan(華夷觀) is diluted, cultural Hwa-i-kwan(華夷觀) was just emphasized. The value of cutural Hwa-i-kwan(華夷觀) is presented on dressing system and hair style becoming an issue in Confucian culture. This study intends to research how Hwa-i-ron in latter period of Chosun influenced the view of Ching men's hair style, pigtail. For this study, 5 books of Yeon-hang-rok in $17{\sim}18$ centuries are chosen, but some parts of them would be selected concerning with hairdressing and would be studied with other documents. Hwa-i-kwan(華夷觀) had dominated in the latter period of Chosun and had been making proprieties, then geographical and racial Hwa-i-kwan(華夷觀) were disappeared when Ching had been building a big cultural country, but cultural Hwa-i-kwan(華夷觀) had been stronger in latter period of Chosun than before, it had been a standard in all proprieties. After all, not only did cultural Hwa-i-kwan(華夷觀) become a standard of all proprieties in Chosun, but it was applied to the view of Ching men's hairstyle. So, people thought that pigtail, Ching men's hairstyle, is a custom of the savages. out of Chinese proprieties. Therefore, this cultural Hwa-i-kwan(華夷觀) that Chosun is a real China through taking over Chinese proprieties might be in that age.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Life Science Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.52.2-52.2
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• 2008

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.259-268
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• 2001

As mentioned above, I have acquired some valuable results about medical treatments with acupuncture for "Trigeminal neuralgia" after studying oriental medical books. 1. The course of medical treatments with acupuncture was, first of all, applying general ones, and then, assisting ones based on occuring area of pain and the cause. 2. For general treatments, "Chok-yangmyong-Wi-Kyong", distributed widely on the face, was used in great numbers. The order, according to the number of using times, of spots for acupuncture was Ha-kwan(11 times), Hap-kok(10), Chan-juk(7), Hyop-geo, Tae-yang, Sa-baek(individually 6). 3. For assisting treaments based on occuring area of the pain, spots of the Kyong-rak, passing through occuring area of the pain, and Kyong-woe-ki-hyol were used in great numbers. 4. The order was O-je, Chan-juk, Yang-baek(individually 8), Tae-yang(5) for the pain of first branch of the trigeminal nerve; Sa-baek(12), Kwan-ryo(6), Go-ryo(5) for the pain of second one; and Hyop-geo, Ha-kwan(individually 6), Dae-young, Hyop-seung-jang(individually 5). Seung-jang(4). 5. For assisting treatments based on the cause, "One-hyol(原穴)", "Rak-hyol(絡穴)" and "5-soohyol(五輸穴)" were used in great numbers. 6. The order was Pung-ji(10), Hap-kok(9), Woe-kwan(5) for "Woe-Kam(外感)"; Nae-jong(12), Tae-chung(10), Chok-sam-ri(7) for "Kan-Wi-Hwa-Seung(肝胃火升)"; Tae-gue(7), Sam-um-kyo, Pung-ji(individually 2) for "Ho-Hwa-Sang-Seung(虛火上升)"; Pung-ryung(4) for "Pung Dam-Jo-R ak (風痰阻絡)"; Kyok-su(2) for "Ki-Che-Hyol-Ho(氣滯血虛)".

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.287-290
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• 1998

Acarbose effectively inhibited the synthesis of dextran, and the inhibition pattern was a noncompetitive type with a $K_i$ value of 1.35 mM. It also inhibited the disproportionation reaction of dextransucrase with isomaltotriose and decreased the efficiency of the maltose acceptor reaction. Increased concentration of dextransucrase or maltose in reaction digests, however, decreased the degree of inhibition by acarbose.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.179-183
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• 1996

Streptoccus Pneumoniae (pneumococcus), the most common cause of bacterial pneumonia, has an ample polysaccharide (PS) capsule that is highly antigenic and is the source of PS vaccine. This investigation was undertaken to optimize the culture conditions for the production of capsulard PS by type 1 pneumococcus. Among several culture media, brain heart infusion (BHI) and Casitone based media were found to support luxuriant growth of pneumococcus type 1 at the same level. Because BHI medium is rather expensive and more complex than the Casitone based media, the Casitone based media was uwed to study optimization of the culture condition. The phase of growth which accomodated maximum PS production was logarithmic phase. Concentrations of glucose greater than 0.2% did not ehnahce growth or PS production. Substitution of netrogen sources with other resources or supplementation of various concentrations of metal ion (with the exception of calcium ion) had adverse affects on growth and PS production. On the other hand, low level aeration was beneficial for increased PS production. Addition of 3 mg/1 concentration of methionine, phenylalanine, and threonine were found to enhance growth and PS production. The synerigistic effect of all the favorable conditions observed in pneumococcal growth assays provided a two-fold cummulative increase in capsular PS production.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Life Science Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.23-37
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• 2003

A novel inhibitor against maltose-producing a-amylase was prepared via stepwise degradation of a high molecular weight acarbose (HMWA) using Thermus maltogenic amylase (ThMA). The structure of the purified inhibitor was determined to be ${\alpha}$-D-glucopyranosyl-${\alpha}$-acarviosinyl-D-glucopyranose (GlcAcvGlc). Progress curves of p-nitrophenyl-${\alpha}$-D-maltoside (PNPG2) hydrolysis by various amylolytic enzymes, including maltogenase (MGase), ThMA, and cyclodextrinase(CDase) I-5, in the presence of acarbose or GlcAcvGlc indicated a slow-binding mode of inhibition. The inhibition potency of GlcAcvGlc for MGase, ThMA, and CDase I-5 was 3 orders of magnitude higher than that of acarbose.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.5
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• pp.7-11
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• 1981

In the vast extent of time, man and his ancestors have existed on earth about 2,000,000 years. For Near-Man, they knew how to make fire and protected themselves with hairs. Old-Man covered their bodies with the skins of wild animals. New Man improved the quality, the range and ingenuity, so they fabricated clothes with the animal skins. New Man is considered as ancestor of Modern Man. They had spread widely over the earth to take advantage of their surroundings. The next period, New Stone Age was chiefly distinguished by agricultural age. He was now about to make clothes from natural fibers. The two most obvious orgins of clothing are to protect the body against environment and to decorate the body. The forms of clothing were different from the various climates and regions they had settled, for example Yo-po Hyung (Apron), Kwae-po Hung (Sewn garment), Kwan-doo Hyung (Poncho), Chun-kae Hyung (Frontopend garment), Chai-hyung Hyung (Body-conforming shape). Our ancestor had moved from Baikal Lake, Central Asia toward northeast; Shun-tung in China, Manchuria and at last Han Panninsula. Considering our basic costume of ancient times were Yu(jacket), Ko(trousers), Sang(skirt), Po (coat) with the accessories of Kwan (crown), Mo (hat), Dai (belt), Hwa, Eie (footwear), here I conjecture our costume of prehistoric period was Chaihyung Hyung(Body-conforming shape) in the purpose of body covering.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.351-356
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• 2009

Sakuranetin, prunetin and dihydroquercetin were isolated from the methanol extract of Sorbus commixta by 1D/2D-NMR and LC-MASS spectrometry. Medicating these compounds to RAW264.7 cell that was pre-treated by lipopolysaccharide revealed anti-inflammatory effects that greatly inhibited the production of NO (nitric oxide) and PEG2 (prostaglandin E2), which are well known to cause the expression of iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase) and COX-2 (Cyclooxygenase-2). These results suggest that these compounds can be used as stable anti-inflammatory materials.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2012

This study was performed to produce basic data for silty reclaimed tidal lands and to develop techniques of environmentally-friendly utilization in agricultural system. We chose the two sites in Saemangeum reclaimed tidal lands, one (Site I) has been treated with cultivating green manure and conducting the desalinization process through submergence since April, 2007 and the other (Site II) has been under natural condition without artificial treatment. In situ and ex situ physic-chemical properties were determined and comparisons were made for soil profiles examined at these two sites in April 2009. Surface soil of Site I had lower EC and higher field saturated hydraulic conductivity than those of Site II, uncultivated land. Especially, exchangeable sodium content was lowest in Site I Ap1 layer than in other layers. This is probably due to flooding desalination and green manure cultivation. Besides, Ap1 and A2 layers of soil profile in Site I showed brighter soil color and more root observation than those of Site II. This is probably due to green manure cultivation. By the large, for high cash upland crops and intensive agricultural use of silty reclaimed tidal land, site-specific soil ripening such as flooding desalination and green manure cultivation could be useful.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.397-402
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• 1987

Two lipoxygenases (F-I and F-II) were purified from potato tubers by ammonium sulfate fractionation and ion-exchange column chromatographies. The purified isoenzymes were apparently homogeneous on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Both enzymes showed a similar optimum pH of 5.5-6.0. From thermal inactivation experiments with the purified enzymes in the range of 50 to $65^{\circ}C$, D-values of 13.3 min and 4.3 min at $65^{\circ}C$, and z-values of $11.8^{\circ}C\;and\;10.3^{\circ}C$ were obtained respectively for F-I and F-II. By applying absolute reaction rate equation, thermodynamic parameters wire also determined for the activation part of the inactivation process.