• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.46-49
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• 2018

A common kestrel was admitted to Chungnam wild animal rescue center, having been unable to fly. On the physical examination, the bird was presented with contusion and swelling on its right humerus closed fraction and had pain response. Radiographic examination was explicitly revealed closed fracture on right proximal humerus. Its closed fracture was reduced with tie-in fixator and figure-of-eight tension band, and inserted pins on its right humerus surgery were removed on the $14^{th}$ day after the surgery. As Falco tinnunculus was able to move its wings from Day $21^{st}$ day, its rehabilitation was done at outdoor facility and it was successfully released. Proximal humerus reduction with tie-in fixator and the wire was a success, and this treatment with reference to this study will be surely effective to support the other wildbird's reduction stability.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.259-262
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• 2003

A 13-year old male dog with right forelimb lameness, invisible swelling, anorexia and mild depression was referred to Veterinary leaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University. On forelimb radiographic views, periosteal and endosteal proliferation and cortical lysis and extremely aggressive and amorphous periosteal reactions were located along the metaphyseal region of the proximal humerus. Cytologic and histopathologic examinations after amputation showed anaplastic mesenchymal cells that produced osteoid changes, poorly differentiated osteoblast and osteoclast. And also, it included the neoplastic cells with large nucleoli, multiple nucleoli that differ in size and cytoplasm with several clear vacuoles. Based on the physical examination and laboratory, radiolographic, cytologic and histopathologic findings, this case was diagnosed as osteosarcoma of the proximal humerus.

• Korean Journal of Digital Imaging in Medicine
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

Purpose : We aim at presenting the optimum radiologic factor through the evaluation of dose variation and of image quality through the use of a grid in Humerus examination and the change of dose because of the change of radiologic factor. Materials and Methods : We divided it in 3 cases: when using a grid or not and when using IP(Image Plate) in a digital system. Also, as fixing kVp to 70kVp it changed mAs, and fixing mAs to 10 it changed kVp, we put up resolution chart and Burger rose phantom on the acrylic phantom of 7cm (the same level of Humerus) to evaluate the dose and image. We used Image J program to evaluate the quantitative resolution of the obtained image, and made the qualitative evaluation and statistical analysis of the image saved in PACS for 20 radiologic technologist with more than 10 years of experience in order of evaluate its contrast. We used SPSS10(SPSS Inc. Chicago, Illinois) for statistical analysis. Results : We observed the analytic result of resolution by the change of kVp that it was $4.539dGycm^2$ in 60kVp and $757.472dGycm^2$ in 75kVp, which increased about 64.6% of dose, while for the resolution it had the pixel value 30.7% better with 851 in 60kVp than 651 in 75kVp. Also, we analyzed the result of resolution by the change of mAs that it was $3.106dGycm^2$ in 5mAs, and $12.470dGycm^2$ in 20mAs, which increased about 400% of dose, while for the resolution DR had 678 in 5mAs, and 724 in 20mAs that increased about 6.8% of resolution. We made the qualitative evaluation of contrast by the change of kVp that DR showed the higher quality than CR, but the contrast by the change of kVp had no special different at the moment of visual evaluation, nor statistically significant difference(P>0.05). We observed the qualitative evaluation of contraste by the change of mAs that the contrast increased as DR increased mAs, and had statistically significant difference(P<0.05). On the other hand, CR had no significant difference for more than 10mAs nor statistically significant difference(P>0.05). Conclusion : In case of some patients with radiographic exposure by the repeated examination such as emergent patient or Follow up patient, they are considered to try to limit the use of a grid, to set kVp under 65kVp in fixed mode, to select less than 10mAs and to reduce the possibility of patient being bombed.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.419-422
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• 2003

Humeral hemimelia is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by deficiency of the humerus with relatively intact scapular. The holstein calf was healthy expecting the deformity of forelimb humerus. The examination of PCR and serum neutralizing test was carried about BVD, akabane virus, Ibaraki virus and Kasba virus in cattle. The results were all negative. Affected calf showed forelimb deformation. Other abnormalitis was not observed in brain, spinal cord, liver, kidney and other visceral organs. Amelia are very rare limb anomalies. We report on a Holstein calf with forelimb deficiencies. This case appears humeral anomalies with ulnar and radius aplasia in calf. The condition in these calves was considered the result of a recurrence of a genetic mutation affecting a putative hemimelia locus.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.50-55
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• 2010

Injury of the musculocutanous nerve can be associated with a proximal humeral fracture or shoulder dislocation, and injury of the brachial plexus. However, injury of this nerve associated with a humeral shaft fracture has rarely been reported. Diagnosis of the musculocutaneous nerve injury is difficult because its sensory loss is ill-defined, and examination of elbow flexion is difficult when it is associated with fractures. We report an unusual case of musculocutaneous nerve injury in a 27 years old woman who had multiple injuries including a humerus shaft fracture, an ipsilateral radius shaft fracture, and an associated radial nerve laceration. Diagnosis of the musculocutaneous nerve injury was delayed because combined fractures of the humerus and radius prevented proper examination of the elbow motion and nerve grafting of the radial nerve delayed early elbow motion exercise. Delayed exploration of the musculocutaneous nerve 6 months after trauma showed complete rupture of the nerve at its entry into the coracobrachialis muscle and the defect was successfully managed by sural nerve graft.

• The Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Ultrasound Society
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.106-112
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• 2012

Radial nerve palsy after surgery of humerus fracture is uncommon complication. Occasionally it needs operative treatment because of difficulty to accurate evaluation. We report this case of radial nerve palsy after surgery of humerus shaft fracture with ultrasound examination. We checked the continuity of radial nerve and radial nerve palsy was complete recovered with conservative treatment.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.44-52
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• 2009

Purpose: We assessed the radiographic and clinical results of one surgeon's experience treating proximal humerus fractures with a locked proximal humeral plate. Materials and Methods: Twenty patients with unstable proximal humerus fractures were treated with a locking compression plate between February 2005 and September 2007. The average age of the patients was 60.6 years, and the average postoperative follow-up period was 22.3 months. The clinical results were evaluated using the Constant and DASH scores. The radiologic results were evaluated by the Paavolainen method, which measures the neck shaft angle and humeral head height. Results: At the last follow-up examination, the mean Constant score was 75.3 and 15 cases (75%) had excellent or good results; the mean DASH score was 16.4. The mean neck shaft angle was $137.1^{\circ}$, and 19 cases (95%) had good results by the Paavolainen method. There was one delayed union, malunion, and screw loosening. Conclusion: The patients treated with a locking compression plate had relatively good clinical and radiologic results, and a low complication rate. Moreover, the patients could exercise earlier due to good reduction and initial stability. Treatment of unstable proximal humerus fractures with a locking compression plate is a reliable method.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.460-463
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• 1998

Lameness of front limbs or hind limbs was occurred in German Shepherd dogs firm one brood bitch between 5 and 6 months of age. Physic81 examinations revealed pain associated with deep palpation of the affected area(u1nar, humerus, tibia, etc). But, no significant result was found for the clinical test including complete blood test and so oa Radiographic examination showed an increased radiopacity in the region of the nutrient foremen. Panosteitis was diagnosed on the basis of breed age, clinical signs and radiographic signs.

• The Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Ultrasound Society
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2012

Primary radial nerve palsy occurs in association with approximately 10% of humerus shaft fractures. Secondary radial nerve palsy, which is iatrogenic, occurs in association with approximately 10% to 20% of humerus shaft fractures. Whether the radial nerve palsy is caused primarily by the fracture or secondarily by the surgery, it is necessary to determine whether the radial nerve is being disrupted or compressed by the surrounding structures. This evaluation will dictate whether to await natural recovery or to perform surgical exploration. The current authors report one case of primary radial nerve palsy, due to the humerus fracture, and one case of secondary radial nerve palsy, associated with the osteosynthesis procedure. In both patients, the radial nerve was assessed for anatomical integrity with ultrasonography. Nerve disruption was found in one patient, and a sural nerve graft was performed. Nerve adhesion was found in the other patient, and neurolysis was performed. In both cases, the clinical results were satisfactory. This report focuses on the usefulness of ultrasonography in radial nerve assessment in patients with radial nerve palsy.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.8-12
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• 2015

Background: The aim of this study was to assess demographics, clinical outcomes, and complications of classic floating elbow in adults. Methods: Six patients with ipsilateral diaphyseal fractures of the humerus, radius, and ulna were reviewed retrospectively. All patients were treated operatively and available for follow-up at a minimum of 1 year after surgery. The average age of the patients was 45.2 years (22-64 years) and the average follow-up period was 37.0 months (14-103 months). They were evaluated with postoperative outcome measures, including a visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, Mayo elbow performance score (MEPS), and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) shoulder score. Residual complications were also evaluated. Results: Five patients (83.3%) had open fracture, and 4 patients (66.7%) presented with associated nerve injury. All fractures were united within postoperative 4 months, except 1 delayed union. The average VAS pain score, MEPS, and ASES shoulder score at the final follow-up examination was 2.5, 79.8, and 67.5 respectively. Three patients including 2 cases of joint stiffness with incomplete recovery from nerve injury and 1 case of complex regional pain syndrome had poor clinical outcome. Conclusions: Although the classic floating elbow is rare, these injuries potentially have associated problems such as open fracture or nerve injury. The presence of residual neurological symptoms predispose to poorer clinical outcomes.