• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.187-194
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• 2021

This paper presents a margin-based face liveness detection method with behavioral confirmation to prevent spoofing attacks using deep learning techniques. The proposed method provides a possibility to prevent biometric person authentication systems from replay and printed spoofing attacks. For this work, a set of real face images and fake face images was collected and a face liveness detection model is trained on the constructed dataset. Traditional face liveness detection methods exploit the face image covering only the face regions of the human head image. However, outside of this region of interest (ROI) might include useful features such as phone edges and fingers. The proposed face liveness detection method was experimentally tested on the author's own dataset. Collected databases are trained and experimental results show that the trained model distinguishes real face images and fake images correctly.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.53-68
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• 2021

The continuous development of in-vehicle information systems in recent years has dramatically enriched drivers' driving experience while occupying their cognitive resources to varying degrees, causing driving distraction. Under this complex information system, managing the complexity and priority of information and further improvement in driving safety has become a key issue that needs to be urgently solved by the in-vehicle information system. The new interactive methods incorporating the augmented reality (AR) and head-up display (HUD) technologies into in-vehicle information systems are currently receiving widespread attention. This superimposes various onboard information into an actual driving scene, thereby meeting the needs of complex tasks and improving driving safety. Based on the qualitative research methods of surveys and telephone interviews, this study collects the information needs of the target user groups (i.e., beginners and skilled drivers) and constructs a three-mode information database to provide the basis for a customized AR-HUD interface design.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.49-55
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• 2022

Hair styling has a significant influence on human social perception. An increasing number of people are learning hair styling and obtaining hair designer licenses. However, it takes a considerable amount of money and time to learn professional hairstyle and beauty techniques for hair styling. Since COVID-19, there has been a growing need for offline and video lectures due to the decline in onsite training opportunities. This study provides a field practice environment in which real hair beauty is performed in a virtual space. Further, the hairstyle that is most similar to the user's hair taken with a webcam or mobile phone is determined through an image matching system using the speeded up robust features (SURF) method. The matching hairstyle was created into a three-dimensional (3D) hair model. The created 3D hair model uses a head-mounted display (HMD) and a controller that enables finger tracking through mapping to reproduce the haircutting scissors' motion while providing a feeling of real hair beauty.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.529-539
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• 2008

Background and Purpose : Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most aggressive tumors of the head and neck area. OSCC is known to preferentially metastasize via lymphatic system, and resulting cervical lymph node metastasis is the most reliable of treatment failure. But the biological mechanism of the regional nodal metastasis is not clear. So, we determined metastasis-related factors in orthotopic nude mouse models of OSCC. Experimental Design : Two cell lines-KB and YD-10B cells, established from human oral mucosal squamous cell carcinoma, were xenografted into the tissue space of athymic murine mouth floor. The mice were followed for tumor development and growth, the murine tumors were examined histopathologically for local invasion or regional or distant metastasis. Finally, we performed immunohistochemical assays with antiepithelial growth factor (EGF), EGF receptor (EGFR), phosphorylated EGFR (pEGFR), and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF receptor (VEGFR)-2, phosphorylated VEGFR-2/3 (pVEGFR-2/3) antibodies. We also determined the microvessel density. Results : Transplantation of human OSCC tumor cells into the mouth floor successfully resulted in the formation of orthotopic tumors. KB cell line showed significantly higher tumor proliferation and higher nodal metastatic potential than YD-10B cell line. Furthermore, immunohistochemical staining demonstrated higher expression of EGFR/pEGFR, VEGF, and pVEGFR-2/3 as well as higher microvessel density in KB murine tumors than in YD-10B murine tumors. Conclusion : An orthotopic model of OSCC in athymic mice was established which copies the cervical lymph nodal metastasis of human OSCC. Our mouth floor model should facillitate the understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of cervical nodal metastasis of OSCC.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.545-552
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• 2012

In this paper, we propose Modified Multi CAMShift Algorithm based on Kalman filter and Weighted Search Windows(KWMCAMShift) that extracts skin color area and tracks several human body parts for real-time human tracking system. We propose modified CAMShift algorithm that generates background model, extracts skin area of hands and head, and tracks the body parts. Kalman filter stabilizes tracking search window of skin area due to changing skin area in consecutive frames. Each occlusion areas is avoided by using weighted window of non-search areas and main-search area. And shadows are eliminated from background model and intensity of shadow. The proposed KWMCAMShift algorithm can estimate human pose in real-time and achieves 96.82% accuracy even in the case of occlusions.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.83-89
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• 2014

Purpose : In case of the intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) using Tomotherapy and linear accelerator (Linac), it was to compare and to evaluate the imaging dose of MVCT and CBCT that were performed daily for the correct set up of the patient. Materials and Methods : The human body model Phantom (Anderson rando Phantom, USA) was divided into the three parts as Head, Thorax, pelvis, and after GafChromic EBT3 film cut to the size of $0.5{\times}0.5cm2$.in the center of the recording area were situated on the ant, post, left, and right surface of the phantom and 2cm in depth from the ant, post, left, right, and center surface of the phantom, the surface dose and inner dose were measured repeatedly three times, respectively, using the tomotherapy (Hi Art) and the OBI of NovalisTx. The measured film calculated the output value by RIP version6.0 and then the average value of the dose was calculated by the one-way analysis of variance. Results : Using the human body model phantom, the results of MVCT and CBCT performance were that measurements of MVCT inner dose were showed $15.43cGy{\pm}6.05$ in the head, $16.62cGy{\pm}3.08$ in the thorax, $16.81cGy{\pm}5.24$ in the pelvis, and measurements of CBCT inner dose were showed $13.28{\pm}3.68$ in the head, from $13.66{\pm}4.04$ in the thorax, $15.52{\pm}3.52$ in the pelvis. The measurements of surface dose were showed in case of MVCT performance, $11.64{\pm}4.05$ in the head, $12.16{\pm}4.38$ in the thorax, $12.05{\pm}2.71$ in the pelvis, and in case of CBCT performance, $14.59{\pm}3.51$ in the head, $15.82{\pm}2.89$ in the thorax, $17.48{\pm}2.80$ in the pelvis, respectively. Conclusion : In case of Inner dose, the MVCT using MV energy showed higher than the CBCT using kV energy at 1.16 times in the head, at 1.22 times in the thorax, at 1.08 times in the pelvis, and in case of surface dose, the CBCT was higher than MVCT, at 1.25 times in the head, at 1.30 times in the thorax, at 1.45 times in the pelvis. Imaging dose was a small amount compared to the therapeutic dose but it was thought to affect partially to normal tissue because it was done in daily schedule. However, IMRT treatment was necessarily parallel with the IGRT treatment through the image-guide to minimize errors between planned and actual treatment. Thus, to minimize imaging dose that the patients receive, when planning the treatment, it should be set up a treatment plan considering imaging dose, or it must be performed by minimizing the scan range when shooting MVCT.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.17 no.7 s.110
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• pp.684-693
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• 2006

In this paper, the SA (Specific Absorption) distribution in a human head, exposed to wideband pulse EMF, has been analyzed by taking into account the dispersion characteristics of biological tissues. The dispersive properties of biological tissues are characterized by the 4th Cole-Cole model. Currently, there is no dispersive FDTD algorithm to implement the 4th Cole-Cole model accurately. Thus, in this paper the FDTD methods with the dispersive algorithm for the 1st-order Cole-Cole model and the 3rd-order Debye model were used for SA analysis. The validity of each model has been investigated first, and then the effects of dispersion on SA distribution have been studied.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.555-560
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• 2008

Amino acid transporters are essential for the growth and proliferation in all living cells. Among the amino acid transporters, the system L amino acid transporters are the major nutrient transport system responsible for the $Na^+$-independent transport of neutral amino acids including several essential amino acids. The L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1), an isoform of system L amino acid transporter, is highly expressed in cancer cells to support their continuous growth and proliferation. 2-Aminobicyclo-(2,2,1)-heptane-2-carboxylic acid (BCH) is a model compound for the study of amino acid transporter as a system L selective inhibitor. We have examined the effect and mechanism of BCH on cell growth suppression in HEp2 human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. The BCH inhibited the L-leucine transport in a concentration-dependent manner with a $IC_{50}$ value of $51.2{\pm}3.8{\mu}M$ in HEp2 cells. The growth of HEp2 cells was inhibited by BCH in the timeand concentration-dependent manners. The formation of DNA ladder was not observed with BCH treatment in the cells. Furthermore, the proteolytic processing of caspase-3 and caspase-7 in the cells were not detected by BCH treatment. These results suggest that the BCH inhibits the growth of HEp2 human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma through the intracellular depletion of neutral amino acids for cell growth without apoptotic processing.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.416-421
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• 2010

The KISTI (Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information) began to produce the Korean human information called Visible Korean and Digital Korean since 2000 because there was no human information in Korea which could represent the physical characteristics of Korean human body. The Visible Korean consists of CT, MR, sectioned and segmented images of Korean human body. We obtained the serially sectioned images by grinding the Korean cadaver in horizontal direction and segmented these images by outlining the inner organs of human. We have produced the sectioned images of Korean male whole body, male head, and female pelvis in2008. The segmentation and 3D reconstruction of these images are now in proceeding. The Digital Korean consists of CT images of about 100 Korean cadavers. These CT images were segmented by individual bone, reconstructed to produce the 3D bone models and the skin surface model was also added. The mechanical properties of individual bones were obtained by measuring the property of individual bone sample. We have distributed these Korean human informations to users in domestic and abroad. About 70 institutes in domestic, and 20 institutes in abroad have used our data in research use and nearly 160 proceedings and articles were published since 2001. We think these human informations have a role of medical information infrastructure that could be used in the field of medical education, biomechanics, virtual reality etc.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.406-413
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• 2004

Progress in medical science and cell biology has resulted in the transplantation of human cells and tissues from on human into another, facilitating reproduction and the restoration of form and function, as well as enhancing the quality of life. For more than 40 years, society has recognized the medical and humanitarian value of donation and transplanting organs and tissues. The standard operating procedures of hard tissues reflect the collective expertise and conscientious efforts of tissue bank professionals to provide a foundation for the guidance of tissue banking activities. Procurement of allograft tissues from surgical bone donors is a part of tissue banking. During the past decades the use of bone allografts has become widely accepted for the filling of skelectal defects in a variety of surgical procedures. In particular in the field of orthopaedic and oral and maxillofacial surgery the demand for allografts obtained from either living or post-mortem donors has increased. Hospital-based tissue banks mainly retrieve allografts from living donors undergoing primary total hip replacement for osteoarthritis or hemi arthroplasty for hip fractures and orthgnatic surgery such as angle reduction. Although bone banks have existed for many years, the elements of organized and maintaining a hospital bone bank have not been well documented. The experience with a tissue bank at Korea Tissue Bank(KTB) between 2001 and 2004 provides a model of procurement, storage, processing, sterilization and documentation associated with such a facility. The following report describes the standard operating procedures of hard tissues such as femoral head obtained from living donors.