• 한국안전학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.60-65
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• 2021

Human error is often in part in the cause of accidents and the result of various factors in an organization. Accidents should be investigated to elucidate all causes. Therefore, to reduce accidents, it is necessary to identify which factors affect human error within the organization. In this study, five groups of influencing factors on human error were selected using previousresearch, and operational definitions were made based on them. In addition, a questionnaire for measuring latent variables by operational definition was developed as an observation variable, and responses were received from employees of chemical companies in Ulsan. Based on SEM (structural equation modeling) analysis, 1) confirmatory factor analysis of variables in the human error model, 2) reliability and validity of latent variables, 3) correlations among latent variables, 4) influencing coefficients among influence factors, and 5) the verification results of the paths that these influencing factors have on human error are introduced in this study.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2011

Consumer products are produced on the premise that consumers can use their products safely and effectively no matter how serious human errors they may make. However, different careers and educational experiences of them may induce diverse human errors when they want to use them. In that sense, not a few policies to reduce human errors may show some implications for human error prevention and industrial design of consumer products. In this paper, producers' safety efforts required by Product Liability(PL) Act were reviewed in view of human error prevention, and legal aspects of manufacturers' responsibility for consumer products were discussed in relation to Product Liability Act. Then, principal approaches for them were introduced under the title of System Safety Precedence. After that, major key points for preventing human errors related with consumer products - such as ergonomic design and effective labeling - were discussed with reference to ISO standards. Therefore, it was shown that all the efforts required by PL Act would be correspondent to human error prevention in the whole manufacturing processes if understood by ergonomists. To make a conclusion, it could be said that, for human error prevention, the principle of System Safety Precedence would be indispensable, and that all the efforts for preventing human errors should be systematically organized in Product Safety Management Systems.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제40권7호
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• pp.615-624
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• 2008

In this paper, the contribution of task types and error types involved in the human-related unplanned reactor trip events that have occurred between 1986 and 2006 in Korean nuclear power plants are analysed in order to establish a strategy for reducing the human-related unplanned reactor trips. Classification systems for the task types, error modes, and cognitive functions are developed or adopted from the currently available taxonomies, and the relevant information is extracted from the event reports or judged on the basis of an event description. According to the analyses from this study, the contributions of the task types are as follows: corrective maintenance (25.7%), planned maintenance (22.8%), planned operation (19.8%), periodic preventive maintenance (14.9%), response to a transient (9.9%), and design/manufacturing/installation (6.9%). According to the analysis of the error modes, error modes such as control failure (22.2%), wrong object (18.5%), omission (14.8%), wrong action (11.1 %), and inadequate (8.3%) take up about 75% of the total unplanned trip events. The analysis of the cognitive functions involved in the events indicated that the planning function had the highest contribution (46.7%) to the human actions leading to unplanned reactor trips. This analysis concludes that in order to significantly reduce human-induced or human-related unplanned reactor trips, an aide system (in support of maintenance personnel) for evaluating possible (negative) impacts of planned actions or erroneous actions as well as an appropriate human error prediction technique, should be developed.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.415-423
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• 2022

건설 사고재해의 가장 큰 원인은 인적요인이므로, 건설공사에서 휴먼에러를 감소시켜 사고재해를 감소시키는 것이 중요하다. 그러나, 휴먼에러는 조직적 상황의 연속적인 흐름이 배후 요인으로 작용한다. 따라서, 휴먼에러의 배후 요인을 파악할 수 있는 m-SHEL 모델을 사용하여 건설 중대 사고재해를 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 건설 중대 사고재해 유형에 따라 휴먼에러를 일으키는 배후 세부 요인이 차이가 있다는 것을 파악하였으며, 휴먼에러 배후 요인 중 L-m 요인, L-H 요인, L 요인 순으로 많이 차지하고 있는 것을 알 수 있었다. 본연구는 건설공사에서 휴먼에러를 줄이기 위해서는 조직적 상황을 파악하고 대응하는 것이 중요하다는 것을 사례를 통해서 확인하였다는 점에 의의가 있다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.9-21
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• 2004

As menu structure of household appliance is complicated, user's cognitive workload frequently occurs errors. In existing studies, errors didn't present that interpretation for cognitive factors and alternatives, but are only considered as statistical frequency. Therefore, error classification and analysis in tasks is inevitable in usability evaluation. This study classified human error throughout information process model and navigation behavior. Human error is defined as incorrect decision and behavior reducing performance. And navigation is defined as unrelated behavior with target item searching. We searched and analyzed human errors and its causes as a case study, using mobile phone which could control appliances in near future. In this study, semantic problems in menu structure were elicited by SAT. Scenarios were constructed by those. Error analysis tests were performed twice to search and analyze errors. In 1st prototype test, we searched errors occurred in process of each scenario. Menu structure was revised to be based on results of error analysis. Henceforth, 2nd Prototype test was performed to compare with 1st. Error analysis method could detect not only mistakes, problems occurred by semantic structure, but also slips by physical structure. These results can be applied to analyze cognitive causes of human errors and to solve their problems in menu structure of electronic products.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1817-1827
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• 2009

Although human error is recognized as the primary cause of railway accidents and incidents, there have been limitations in finding the root causes of errors and developing effective corrective actions in the Korean railway industry, due to the absence of a systematic method and lack of professional knowledge and skills of investigators. Therefore, there has been a strong need for a systematic methodology for human error analysis. This paper introduces a methodology for analyzing human error m railway operations, called HEAR (Human Error Analysis and Reduction). HEAR is intended to help analysts identify the sequences and various levels of causes of operators' erroneous actions in railway accidents or incidents and make recommendations to eliminate or reduce the future possibility of similar errors and accidents. It was developed based on a thorough investigation of various techniques for human errors analysis and feedback from field investigators.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.27-38
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• 1996

A total of 77 unanticipated trip cases induced by human errors in Korean nuclear power plants were collected from the nuclear power plant trip event reports and analyzed to investigate the areas of high priority for human error reduction. Prior to this analysis, a classification system was made on the four task-related categories including plant systems, work situations, task types, and error types. The erroneous actions affecting the unanticipated plant trips were indentified by reviewing carefully the description of trip events. Then, the events with erroneous action were analyzed by using the classification system. Based on the results for the individual cases, human error occurrences were counted for each of the four categories, also for the selected pairs of categories, to find out the relationships between the two categories in aspects of human errors. As a result, the plant systems, work situations, and task types, and error types which are dominant in human error occurrences were identified.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2014

The application of advanced Main Control Room(MCR) is accompanied with lots of changes and different forms and features through the virtue of new digital technologies. The characteristics of these digital technologies and devices give many opportunities to the interface management, and can be integrated into a compact single workstation in advanced MCR so that workers can operate the plant with minimum physical burden under any operation conditions. However, these devices may introduce new types of human errors and thus a means to evaluate and prevent such errors is needed, especially those related to characteristics of digital devices. This paper reviewed the new type of human error hazards of tasks based on digital devices and surveyed researches on physiological assessment related to human error. An experiment was performed to verify human error hazards by physiological responses such as EEG which was measured to evaluate the cognitive workload of operators. And also, the performances of four tasks which are representative in human error hazard tasks based on digital devices were compared. Response time, ${\beta}$ power spectrum rate of each task by EEG, and mental workload by NASA-TLX were evaluated. In the results of the experiment, the rate of the ${\beta}$ power was increased in the task 1 and task 4 which are searching and navigating task and memory task of hierarchical information, respectively. In case of the mental workload, in most of evaluation items, task 1 and 4 were highly rated comparatively. In this paper, human error hazards might be identified by highly cognitive workload. Conclusively, it was concluded that the predictive method which is utilized in this paper and an experimental verification can be used to ensure the safety when applying the digital devices in Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs).

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.377-385
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• 2013

1950년대 후반 이후, 항공분야에서 사고율을 줄이기 위해 많은 노력을 기울여 안전 수준이 향상되었다. 전반적인 사고 비율은 지난 몇 년 동안 상당히 감소하였고, 환경 및 기계적 요인에 의한 사고는 감소하였으나, 인적오류 관련 사고는 불행히도 감소하는데 성공하지 못했다. 환경적 기계적 요소에 기인하는 사고는 줄었으나, 인적오류는 항공사고 원인 인자로 증가하고 있다. 오늘날, 모든 항공 사고의 매우 큰 비율이 직접 또는 간접적으로 인적오류의 몇 가지 형태에 비롯되고 있다. 많은 연구의 결과로, 인간의 오류 방지에 대해서 개발되고 있다. 그러나 어떤 종류의 오류 방지는 정확성, 효율성의 부족과 체계적인 접근에서 부족한 면이 고려되어야 할 것으로 보인다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 인간의 오류에 가장 효과적이고 체계적인 예방을 분석하고 인간의 오류 및 항공 안전에 대한 방법에 있어 통합에 집중 연구하였다. 본 연구에서는 인적오류 예방을 위한 여러 대안들 사이의 우선순위를 이해하고 파악함으로써 인적오류 문제를 해결하기 위한 시사점을 제시하고 한다.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.42-52
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• 2018

Background: Maintenance operations on-board ships are highly demanding. Maintenance operations are intensive activities requiring high man-machine interactions in challenging and evolving conditions. The evolving conditions are weather conditions, workplace temperature, ship motion, noise and vibration, and workload and stress. For example, extreme weather condition affects seafarers' performance, increasing the chances of error, and, consequently, can cause injuries or fatalities to personnel. An effective human error probability model is required to better manage maintenance on-board ships. The developed model would assist in developing and maintaining effective risk management protocols. Thus, the objective of this study is to develop a human error probability model considering various internal and external factors affecting seafarers' performance. Methods: The human error probability model is developed using probability theory applied to Bayesian network. The model is tested using the data received through the developed questionnaire survey of >200 experienced seafarers with >5 years of experience. The model developed in this study is used to find out the reliability of human performance on particular maintenance activities. Results: The developed methodology is tested on the maintenance of marine engine's cooling water pump for engine department and anchor windlass for deck department. In the considered case studies, human error probabilities are estimated in various scenarios and the results are compared between the scenarios and the different seafarer categories. The results of the case studies for both departments are also compared. Conclusion: The developed model is effective in assessing human error probabilities. These probabilities would get dynamically updated as and when new information is available on changes in either internal (i.e., training, experience, and fatigue) or external (i.e., environmental and operational conditions such as weather conditions, workplace temperature, ship motion, noise and vibration, and workload and stress) factors.