• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제6권5호
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• pp.396-404
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• 2012

The aim of the study was to investigate the inhibitory effects of calcium against intestinal cancer in vitro and in vivo. We first investigated the effects of calcium treatment in HCT116 and HT29 human colon cancer cells. At the concentration range of 0.8-2.4 mM, calcium significantly inhibited cell growth (by 9-29%), attachment (by 12-26%), invasion (by 15-31%), and migration (by 19-61%). An immunofluorescence microscope analysis showed that the treatment with calcium (1.6 mM) for 24 h increased plasma membrane ${\beta}$-catenin but decreased nuclear ${\beta}$-catenin levels in HT29 cells. We then investigated the effect of dietary calcium on intestinal tumorigenesis in $Apc^{Min/+}$ mice. Mice received dietary treatment starting at 6 weeks of age for the consecutive 8 weeks. The basal control diet contained high-fat (20% mixed lipids by weight) and low-calcium (1.4 mg/g diet) to mimic the average Western diet, while the treatment diet contained an enriched level of calcium (5.2 mg calcium/g diet). The dietary calcium treatment decreased the total number of small intestinal tumors (by 31.4%; P < 0.05). The largest decrease was in tumors which were ${\geq}$ 2 mm in diameter, showing a 75.6% inhibition in the small intestinal tumor multiplicity (P < 0.001). Immunohistochemical analysis showed significantly reduced nuclear staining of ${\beta}$-catenin (expressed as nuclear positivity), but increased plasma membrane staining of ${\beta}$-catenin, in the adenomas from the calcium-treated groups in comparison to those from the control group (P < 0.001). These results demonstrate intestinal cancer inhibitory effects of calcium both in human colon cancer cells and $Apc^{Min/+}$ mice. The decreased ${\beta}$-catenin nuclear localization caused by the calcium treatment may contribute to the inhibitory action.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.140-148
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• 2007

Diabetic nephropathy has been increasing, although blood glucose and blood pressure can be controlled by angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE) or advanced glycosylation end products(AGE) inhibitors in the diabetic patients. We investigated the effect of dietary supplementation of sea tangle on the blood glucose, and pathological scoring of diabetic kidneys in the streptozotocin(STZ) induced diabetic rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into normal rats fed control diet and diabetic rats fed control diet or control diet supplemented with powder or oater extract of sea tangle. Diabetes was induced by a single injection of STZ(60mg/kg, ip) in citrate buffer. The animals were fed the experimental diet and water for 13 weeks. Dietary supplementation of sea tangle decreased blood glucose in the diabetic rats. However, dietary supplementation of sea tangle did not affect the antioxidant enzyme activities, MDA content and pathology of diabetic kidneys. These results indicate that decreased blood glucose by sea tangle could not delay the progression of diabetic kidney disease.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.105-113
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• 2017

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: A high-fat diet (HFD) induces obesity, which is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and cancer, while a calorie-restricted diet can extend life span by reducing the risk of these diseases. It is known that health effects of diet are partially conveyed through epigenetic mechanism including DNA methylation. In this study, we investigated the genome-wide hepatic DNA methylation to identify the epigenetic effects of HFD-induced obesity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seven-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were fed control diet (CD), calorie-restricted control diet (CRCD), or HFD for 16 weeks (after one week of acclimation to the control diet). Food intake, body weight, and liver weight were measured. Hepatic triacylglycerol and cholesterol levels were determined using enzymatic colorimetric methods. Changes in genome-wide DNA methylation were determined by a DNA methylation microarray method combined with methylated DNA immunoprecipitation. The level of transcription of individual genes was measured by real-time PCR. RESULTS: The DNA methylation statuses of genes in biological networks related to lipid metabolism and hepatic steatosis were influenced by HFD-induced obesity. In HFD group, a proinflammatory Casp1 (Caspase 1) gene had hypomethylated CpG sites at the 1.5-kb upstream region of its transcription start site (TSS), and its mRNA level was higher compared with that in CD group. Additionally, an energy metabolism-associated gene Ndufb9 (NADH dehydrogenase 1 beta subcomplex 9) in HFD group had hypermethylated CpG sites at the 2.6-kb downstream region of its TSS, and its mRNA level was lower compared with that in CRCD group. CONCLUSIONS: HFD alters DNA methylation profiles in genes associated with liver lipid metabolism and hepatic steatosis. The methylation statuses of Casp1 and Ndufb9 were particularly influenced by the HFD. The expression of these genes in HFD differed significantly compared with CD and CRCD, respectively, suggesting that the expressions of Casp1 and Ndufb9 in liver were regulated by their methylation statuses.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.1041-1050
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the variables which had effects on deit behavior of male and female high school students. The proposed variables are their body-related variables(body satisfaction, weight control experience, the degree of diet interest, and obesity) and self-esteem. The sample group used for the study consisted of 359 high school students(male=168, female=191). Measurement scales used for the study were those of body-related variables, self esteem and eating disorder behavior, and data analysis was performed using $X^2$, t-test, Pearson's correlation, regression analysis. The results are as follows. First, there is a significant difference between male and female high school students regarding their obesity perceived by themselves, body satisfaction, the degree of diet interest, weight control experience, and deit behavior. Second, In male students, diet behavior shows a positive correlation with the degree of diet interest, weight control experience, and body satisfaction, but shows a negative correlation with body satisfaction. In female students, diet behavior is positively correlated with the degree of diet interest, weight control experience, and obesity, but negatively correlated with body satisfaction and self-esteem. Third, in male students, the variables that showed a influence on diet behavior as an eating disorder are weight control experience, body satisfaction and obesity, in that the explanatory power of the variables is 51.7% with the highest mark on obesity. In female, the variables that showed a influence on diet behavior as an eating disorder are the degree of diet interest, weight control experience, body satisfaction and obesity, in that the explanatory power of the variables is 66.0%.

• 한국정보과학회 언어공학연구회:학술대회논문집(한글 및 한국어 정보처리)
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• 한국정보과학회언어공학연구회 2021년도 제33회 한글 및 한국어 정보처리 학술대회
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• pp.461-466
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 DECO(Dictionnaire Electronique du COreen) 한국어 전자사전과 LGG(Local-Grammar Graph)에 기반한 반자동 언어데이터 증강(Semi-automatic Symbolic Propagation: SSP) 방식에 입각하여, 핀테크 분야의 CS(Customer Service) 챗봇 NLU(Natural Language Understanding)을 위한 주석 학습 데이터를 효과적으로 생성하고, 이를 기반으로 RASA 오픈 소스에서 제공하는 DIET(Dual Intent and Entity Transformer) 아키텍처를 활용하여 핀테크 CS 챗봇 NLU 시스템을 구현하였다. 실 데이터을 통해 확인된 핀테크 분야의 32가지의 토픽 유형 및 38가지의 핵심 이벤트와 10가지 담화소 구성에 따라, DECO-LGG 데이터 생성 모듈은 질의 및 불만 화행에 대한 양질의 주석 학습 데이터를 효과적으로 생성하며, 이를 의도 분류 및 Slot-filling을 위한 개체명 인식을 종합적으로 처리하는 End to End 방식의 멀티태스크 트랜스포머 모델 DIET로 학습함으로써 DIET-only F1-score 0.931(Intent)/0.865(Slot/Entity), DIET+KoBERT F1-score 0.951(Intent)/0.901(Slot/Entity)의 성능을 확인하였으며, DECO-LGG 기반의 SSP 생성 데이터의 학습 데이터로서의 효과성과 함께 KoBERT에 기반한 DIET 모델 성능의 우수성을 입증하였다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.135-148
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• 2008

This study examined the dieting behaviors and diet-influencing factors among college students in the Youngnam region. The data were collected by a self-administered questionnaires during May, 2007. One hundred-ninety samples were ultimately analyzed by SPSS Windows. The results were as follows. First, when comparing calculated BMI with perception of individual body image, many respondents regarded themselves as overweight although they were within normal BMI. Second, over four-fifths of the respondents indicated they were concerned with diet, and many respondents answered that they needed education and information on dieting. In terms of diet knowledge, the mean for correct answers was 77.9%. Mass media were very important sources for acquiring diet information, and the most popular dieting method was fasting therapy. The results of regression analyses to determine the factors affecting several dieting practices showed that grade, monthly allowances, diet awareness, diet knowledge, perception of individual body image, and BMI were significant.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.158-164
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• 2008

This study investigated that the antioxidative effect of freeze-dried cranberry powder against protein and lipid oxidation and ameliorative effect of serum lipid profile in rat fed atherogenic diet. Six weeks old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the following four groups: normal diet group with 5% com oil(control), atherogenic diet group with 5% com oil, 10% lard, 1% cholesterol, and 0.5% sodium cholate(HFC), atherogenic plus 2% cranberry powder diet group(HFC+C2), and atherogenic plus 5% cranberry powder diet group(HFC+C5), and respective diet and water were fed daily for 6 weeks. After the experimental period, the serum lipid profile, such as total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglyceride, ferric reducing ability of plasma(FRAP), plasma phenolics content, superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity, serum protein carbonyl and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS) levels were examined. Total phenolic compound and total flavonoid levels in freeze-dried cranberry powder were 9.94 mg/g and 8.12 mg/g, respectively. Serum total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels were not significantly different for cranberry powder treatment, but serum HDL-cholesterol level was significantly increased in HFC+C5 group compared with HFC group. Plasma FRAP value tended to be increased by cranberry powder treatment though there was no significant difference. Plasma total phenol concentrations and SOD activities were not significantly different among all groups. Serum protein carbonyl and TBARS levels were significantly decreased in HFC+C5 group compared with HFC group. Overall results suggested that freeze-dried cranberry powder might have the serum lipid improving effect, as well as anti oxidative effect demonstrated by its protective effect against protein and lipid oxidation.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.149-154
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• 1997

The ability of exercise and buckwheat diet to modify plasma glucose and cholesterol levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats has been studied. Diabetic rats were fed corn starch as a control diet or buckwheat as an experimental diet for 4 weeks. One group of rats were exercise-trained to swim for 60 min/day, 6 days a week. Plasma glucose levels of sedentary rats both on the control diet and on the buckwheat diet were significantly increased from 367.0$\pm$33.6 mg/dl to 545.0$\pm$38.7 mg/dl and from 380.3$\pm$18.9 mg/dl to 540.5$\pm$36.6 mg/dl, respectively. However, this large increase of plasma glucose was not seen in exercised rats on the buckwheat diet (from 345.0$\pm$25.6 mg/dl to 391.4$\pm$34.7 mg/dl). The total plasma cholesterol level was not affected by either diet or exercise. The HDL-cholesterol level tends to increase due to the buckwheat diet or an exercise, but not with a significant increase. Our results suggest that the buckwheat diet is beneficial in lowering the plasma glucose level only when diabetic rats ar exercised.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.655-661
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects and associated mechanisms of arctiin, a lignan compound found in burdock, on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. Also, the effects of arctiin supplementation in obese mice fed a high-fat diet on adiposity were examined. MATERIALS/METHODS: 3T3-L1 cells were treated with arctiin (12.5 to $100{\mu}M$) during differentiation for 8 days. The accumulation of lipid droplets was determined by Oil Red O staining and intracellular triglyceride contents. The expressions of genes related to adipogenesis were measured by real-time RT-PCR and Western blot analyses. For in vivo study, C57BL/6J mice were first fed either a control diet (CON) or high-fat diet (HF) to induce obesity, and then fed CON, HF, or HF with 500 mg/kg BW arctiin (HF + AC) for four weeks. RESULTS: Arctiin treatment to 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes markedly decreased adipogenesis in a dose-dependent manner. The arctiin treatment significantly decreased the protein levels of the key adipogenic regulators $PPAR{\gamma}$ and $C/EBP{\alpha}$, and also significantly inhibited the expression of SREBP-1c, fatty acid synthase, fatty acid-binding protein and lipoprotein lipase. Also, arctiin greatly increased the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and its downstream target phosphorylated-acetyl CoA carboxylase. Furthermore, administration of arctiin significantly decreased the body weight in obese mice fed with the high-fat diet. The epididymal, perirenal or total visceral adipose tissue weights of mice were all significantly lower in the HF + AC than in the HF. Arctiin administration also decreased the sizes of lipid droplets in the epididymal adipose tissue. CONCLUSIONS: Arctiin inhibited adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes through the inhibition of $PPAR{\gamma}$ and $C/EBP{\alpha}$ and the activation of AMPK signaling pathways. These findings suggest that arctiin has a potential benefit in preventing obesity.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.65-75
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• 2010

본 연구는 청소년들이 가지고 있는 다이어트에 대한 태도를 파악하고 올바른 다이어트를 실행하는데 도움을 주기 위한 기초자료를 제공하기 위하여 인구통계학적 특성과 체질량지수, 다이어트에 대한 관심도, 다이어트에 대한 인식도, 자아존중감, 신체이미지, 체형에 대한 부모, 친구, 대중매체 영향요인이 다이어트 실행에 미치는 영향력에 대하여 살펴보았다. 본 연구의 자료는 경북지역의 고등학생으로부터 설문지를 통해 수집되었으며, 최종 360부의 설문지가 최종분석자료로 이용되었다. 다이어트 실행집단과 비실행집단 간의 체질량지수, 다이어트에 대한 관심도, 다이어트에 대한 인식도, 자아존중감, 신체이미지, 체형에 대한 부모, 친구, 대중매체 영향요인을 비교해보면, 다이어트 실행집단은 비실행집단에 비해 체질량지수가 높고 다이어트에 대한 관심이 많으며 다이어트에 보다 긍정적으로 인식하고 있고 자아존중감과 신체이미지에 대한 만족도가 낮으며 체형에 대한 부모, 친구와 대중매체의 영향을 많이 받고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 로지스틱 회귀분석 결과, 체질량지수, 다이어트에 대한 인식도, 신체이미지, 체형에 대한 친구의 영향, 체형에 대한 대중매체의 영향이 다이어트 실행 여부에 유의한 것으로 나타났다.