• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.39-43
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• 2008

Most studies on transgenic bioreactors have focused on expression levels of interest genes. In this study we examined whether transgenic bioreactors would inherit expression level of the Oansgene to long-term generations independently of transgene sources. We employed three transgenic mice, which were separately reported, carrying different transgenes and copy numbers, 27 kb of hLF and 22 kb of hIL-10 genomic sequences, and 1.3 kb of hTPO cDNA, respectively. Three females of the transgenic lineages crossbred with a wild-type male up to 20 generations to test transgenic frequencies of their progenies and to determine expression levels of the transgenes. Ultimately, transmission rates of kLF, hIL-10, and hTPO were $64.3{\pm}7.0$, $59.3{\pm}9.8$, and $56.1{\pm}9.7$, respectively, appeared following Mendelian pattern of inheritance. Notably, we found that levels of expressions of hLF, hIL-10, and hTPO in milk were sustained to high numbers of generations. No transgene silencing of expression was observed in every generations of all transgenic mice. In conclusion, we suggest that once established animal bioreactors could consistently transmit the transgene to continual generations, without loss of expressional activity, independently of transgene sources.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.111-117
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• 2016

Vagal nerve activity has been known to play a crucial role in the induction and maintenance of atrial fibrillation (AF). However, it is unclear how the distribution and concentration of local acetylcholine (ACh) promotes AF. In this study, we investigated the effect of the spatial distribution and concentration of ACh on fibrillation patterns in an in silico human atrial model. A human atrial action potential model with an ACh-dependent $K^+$ current ($I_{KAch}$) was used to examine the effect of vagal activation. A simulation of cardiac wave dynamics was performed in a realistic 3D model of the atrium. A model of the ganglionated plexus (GP) and nerve was developed based on the "octopus hypothesis". The pattern of cardiac wave dynamics was examined by applying vagal activation to the GP areas or randomly. AF inducibility in the octopus hypothesis-based GP and nerve model was tested. The effect of the ACh concentration level was also examined. In the single cell simulation, an increase in the ACh concentration shortened $APD_{90}$ and increased the maximal slope of the restitution curve. In the 3D simulation, a random distribution of vagal activation promoted wavebreaks while ACh secretion limited to the GP areas did not induce a noticeable change in wave dynamics. The octopus hypothesis-based model of the GP and nerve exhibited AF inducibility at higher ACh concentrations. In conclusion, a 3D in silico model of the GP and parasympathetic nerve based on the octopus model exhibited higher AF inducibility with higher ACh concentrations.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.235-243
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• 2012

This paper studies characteristics and causes of sound, and many others by distinguishing passivity and activity of the cases of a dog vocalizing human's words. As a result of the previous cases of vocalization of human's words, the dog was able to understand characteristics of a host's voice and imitate the sound using his own vocal organs. This is the case of passive vocalization accompanied by temporary voice imitation without a function of communication. On the contrary, as a consequence of the recently reported case in which a dog vocalizes such words as "Um-ma" and "Nu-na-ya," it shows the vocalization pattern clearly distinguished from the prior cases. The given dog repeatedly vocalizes pertaining words in an active manner according to circumstances and plays a role of fundamental communication and interaction with its host. The reason why the dog can vocalize the man's words actively is determined to be that the dog has a high level of intelligence and intimacy with its host, that people react actively to its pertaining pronunciation, and so forth. The following results can be used for the study that investigates animals' sound with vocalization possibility and language learning feasibility.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.84-88
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• 2014

Licoricidin isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis is known to have anticancer, anti-nephritic, anti-Helicobacter pylori, and antibacterial effects. In this study, a cocktail probe assay and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) were used to investigate the modulating effect of licoricidin on cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in human liver microsomes. When licoricidin was incubated at $0-25{\mu}m$ with CYP probes for 60 min at $37^{\circ}C$, it showed potent inhibitory effects on CYP2B6-catalyzed bupropion hydroxylation and CYP2C9-catalyzed diclofenac 4'-hydroxylation with half maximal inhibitory concentration ($IC_{50}$) values of 3.4 and $4.0{\mu}m$, respectively. The inhibition mode of licoricidin was revealed as competitive, dose-dependent, and non-time-dependent, and following the pattern of Lineweaver-Burk plots. The inhibitory effect of licoricidin has been confirmed in human recombinant cDNA-expressed CYP2B6 and 2C9 with $IC_{50}$ values of 4.5 and $0.73{\mu}m$, respectively. In conclusion, this study has shown the potent inhibitory effect of licoricidin on CYP2B6 and CYP2C9 activity could be important for predicting potential herb-drug interactions with substrates that mainly undergo CYP2B- and CYP2C9-mediated metabolism.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.164-170
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to isolate probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) that produced bile salts hydrolase. One hundred twenty strains were initially isolated from human feces. Based on their resistance of acid, tolerances of bile salts, and inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli, five strains were selected. A strain producing highest activity of bile salts hydrolase was identified as Lactoacillus plantarum using API carbohydrate fermentation pattern and 16S rRNA sequences, and named CK102. Lactobacillus plantarum CK102 survived at a level of 1.36${\times}$10$\^$8/ CFU/$m\ell$ in pH 2 buffer for 6 h and showed exhibited excellent bile tolerance. When L plantarum CK102 was cultured with E. coli in MRS broth, no viable cells of E. coli was detected after 18 h fermentation. These results suggest that Lactobacillus plantarum CK 102 may be commercially used for the probiotic culture.

• KIISE Transactions on Computing Practices
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.104-109
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• 2017

We propose a new machine learning algorithm which analyzes daily activity patterns of users from multi-modal wearable sensor data. The proposed model learns and extracts activity patterns using input from wearable devices in real-time. Inspired by cue integration of human's property, we constructed gated multi-modal neural networks which integrate wearable sensor input data selectively by using gate modules. For the experiments, sensory data were collected by using multiple wearable devices in restaurant situations. As an experimental result, we first show that the proposed model performs well in terms of prediction accuracy. Then, the possibility to construct a knowledge schema automatically by analyzing the activation patterns in the middle layer of our proposed model is explained.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.183-188
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• 2005

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of 6-week vegetable juice supplementation (360 ml/day) on serum lipid profiles and antioxidant activity in college women. Twenty women (mean age: 21) with normal life style and dietary pattern and who are free of any specific diseases were recruited among the student in S women's university. The subjects consumed vegetable juice to take part in an uncontrolled clinical trial for a 6-week intervention period. While there was no difference in the concentration of total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol, serum concentrations of TG and HDL/LDL ratio were significantly reduced by $22\%$ (p = 0.013) and $6\%$ (p =0.007) respectively. Significant decrease in manlondialdehyde (p = 0.000) was accompanied by an increase in the activity of serum antioxidant enzymes, such as GSHPx (p = 0.000), SOD (p=0.007). It was also found that total antioxidant status was improved by $5.4\%$ (p=0.009). Serum parameters were all changed without affecting body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, or nutrient intakes after six week of supplementation. This study demonstrated that the supplementation regular meals with vegetable juice can favorably affect serum lipid profiles and antioxidant systems, and hence could contribute to reduce the risks of chronic diseases in college women.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.1-14
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• 2017

As the design of the day focuses more on human-centered design, this shift creates value for society and also fulfills on a sense of social responsibility. In the area of fashion, the design activity is used as a type of fashion design to realize the social value of design in a changed society; this concept was defined as Fashion Design Activism. The objective of this study is to empirically research design activity as a practical value of the day when the social contributions of fashion design are rising in the overall society through the research on the practice of Fashion Design Activity which is adapting to changes in the fashion design paradigm. Regarding the study method, the literature research and case study were combined. We examined the meaning of social design by reviewing the literature related to this social paradigm, and we analyzed cases in which the effects of fashion design on society were realized through practical activities. Also, we defined the role of fashion design based on an analysis of design types based on previous research. This study divided the roles of fashion design in a pattern based on the social roles that design inhabited, in terms of how 'fashion design fulfilled on social responsibility', 'anthropocentric fashion design putting emphasis on users', and 'fashion design aiming for eco-efficient changes'. This study aimed to seek measures to develop fashion design that could promote changes focusing on society, humans, and the environment.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.39-44
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• 2011

Many reports indicate that $18{\beta}$-glycyrrhetinic acid ($18{\beta}$-GA) from Glycyrrhizae Radix has anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory activities, whereas reports regarding anticancer activity of the compound are few. In present study, we investigated antitumor effect of $18{\beta}$-GA on tumor caused by A549 cancer cell in mice. Data resulting from the cytotoxicity assay showed that $18{\beta}$-GA caused killing of A549 cells. $LD_{50}$ values of $18{\beta}$-GA were app. 180 ${\mu}M$ and 80 ${\mu}M$, corresponding to 48 hr- and 72 hr-treatments, displaying that the killing activity was more effective as the $18{\beta}$-GA treatment was prolonged. Based on these data, antitumor effect of $18{\beta}$-GA was tested in nude mice. For induction of the tumor, A549 ($3{\times}10^6$ cells/mouse) was injected subcutaneously into the lateral abdomen of nude mice (Balb/c nu/nu). To determine the antitumor effect, nude mice with tumor were given $18{\beta}$-GA (1 mg/200 ${\mu}l$/mouse) intraperitoneally every three days for four times. Tumor-sizes were measured with a caliper for a period of 24 days. Results showed that the $18{\beta}$-GA treatment reduced the tumor-sizes (P<0.05) as compared with negative control nude mice that received diluent (DPBS). The reduction degree was greater than reduction degree by doxorubicin (60 ${\mu}g$/mouse), and the pattern of reduction was almost sustained during the entire period of the observation. In conclusion, our studies demonstrate that $18{\beta}$-GA has antitumor activity to the A549 cancer cell-caused tumor.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.16 no.2 s.27
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• pp.15-24
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• 1980

[${\alpha}$]-Amylase catalyses the hydrolysis of starch, glycogen, and related poly- and oligosac-charide by random cleavage of ${\alpha}$-D-(l-4) glucan linkage. In man large amounts of amylase are secreted into the digestive tract by the salivary and exocrine pancreatic gland, minimal amount being produced also in other tissues. It has been known that ${\alpha}$-amylase exists in multiple molecular forms, isoenzyme which can be separated from each other because of difference in their physicochemical properties. By using various methods, several groups of investigator have separated the many isoenzyme in serum, saliva and pancreatic juice. Furthermore, changes of the normal serum isoenzyme pattern is diagnostically useful even when the total serum enzyme activity is noninformative, such as the clinical use of isoenzyme of serum lactate dehydrogenase. Procarboxypeptidase-A which is one of the pancreatic enzymes is also present as isoenzymes. Four forms of procarboxypeptidase-A haye been found in the bovine enzyme and three forms of the porcine enzyme. In human pancreatic juice four forms of procarboxypeptidase-A isoenzyme were found by isoelectric focusing method. Recently, the so-called isoamylase analysis was developed for the diagnostic use of amylase in pancreatic diseases. In alcohotic patients, the serum concentration of pancreatic isoamylase is subnormal and this lowered activity provides strong evidence for pancreatic exocrine insufficiency. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the variations of the isoenzyme of amylase and procarboxypeptidase-A in serum, saliva and pancreatic juice of the experimental animals. The results are as follow. 1) Three main forms of isoenzyme of amylase by isoelectric focusing were found in pancreatic juice of normal rabbit. However, many new bands were appeared in the pancreatic juice of cholic acid administered animal intravenously while the infusion of cholic acid or elastase into pancreatic duct produced the decrease of number of the fractions on the isoelectric focusing. In the case of serum isoenzyme from normal animal, two major and a few minor isoamylases were observed. By injecting alcohol intravenousely the fractions of serum isoamylase were significantly decreased and in contrary to the pattern in the pancreatic juice the infusion of cholic acid or elastase into pancreatic duct exhitited a significant decrease of the isoenzyme of amylase fractions. In saliva from normal animal three main isoamylase were produced of the administration of alcohol. 2) In the case of procarboxypeptidase-A isoenzyme, two major fractions which have isoelectric point at 6.2 and 6.4 and other two minor bands were observed in the pancreatic juice of normal rabbit. By the treatment of the juice with trypsin, only one band was produced on the isoelectric focusing. No procarboxypeptidase was appeared on the electrofocusing by the infusion of cholic acid or phospholipase A into the pancreatic duct of rabbit. However, a single major fraction of procarboxypeptidase-A was appeared at 3 hr after simple ligation of the pancreatic duct. No significant changes were observed in the juice of the alcohol or cholic acid administered group.