• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.96-103
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• 2023

Generally, human stampedes and crowd collapses occur when people press against each other, causing falls that may result in death or injury. Particularly, crowd accidents have become increasingly common since the 1990s, with an average of 380 deaths annually. For instance, in Korea, a stampede occurred during the Itaewon Halloween festival on October 29, 2022, when several people crowded onto a narrow, downhill road, which was 45 meters long and between 3.2 and 4 meters wide. Precisely, this stampede was primarily due to the excessive number of people relative to the road size. Essentially, stampedes can occur anywhere and at any time, not just at events, but also in other places where large crowds gather. More specifically, the likelihood of accidents increases when the crowd density exceeds a turbulence threshold of 5-6 /m². Meanwhile, festivals and events, which have become more frequent and are promoted through social media, garner people from near and far to a specific location. Besides, as cities grow, the number of people gathering in one place increases. While stampedes are rare, their impact is significant, and the uncertainty associated with them is high. Currently, there is no scientific system to analyze the risk of stampedes due to crowd concentration. Consequently, to prevent such accidents, it is essential to prepare for crowd disasters that reflect social changes and regional characteristics. Hence, this study proposes using digital topographic maps and crowd-density risk simulations to develop a 3D model of the region. Specifically, the crowd density simulation allows for an analysis of the density of people walking along specific paths, which enables the prediction of danger areas and the risk of crowding. By using the simulation method in this study, it is anticipated that safety measures can be rationally established for specific situations, such as local festivals, and preparations may be made for crowd accidents in downtown areas.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2022

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to reveal the circumstances under which the cases of harm to health caused by humidifier disinfectant were neglected and show the points where the number of victims and the degree of damage could have been reduced. In addition, it attempts to describe how damage management proceeded immediately after the incident and actually exacerbated the damage. Finally, it explores the unfortunate aspects of the recent trial. By doing so, it attempts to take this as an opportunity to consider whether a tragic event such as the humidifier disinfectant incident could occur in the future. Methods: This study collected and analyzed data on chemical material characteristics related to humidifier disinfectants, data on health effect characteristics, data on related laws and regulations from the Ministry of Environment, data related to the damage investigation by the Korea Environmental Industry and Technology Institute, and current contents. Results: The lack of related systems and laws is the area where the greatest responsibility for the cause of the humidifier disinfectant disaster falls, so it is difficult for the government to escape this responsibility. Establishing a dedicated department to identify the prevalence of certain diseases within the functions of the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service to monitor health can greatly contribute to the prevention and management of diseases through early detection and management of group outbreaks caused by harmful factors. Humidifier disinfectant damage relief should have been expanded earlier beyond HDLI (humidifier disinfectant lung injury) to include non-specific diseases such as asthma, pneumonia, and interstitial pneumonia. The scope of relief benefits should have also been expanded earlier to include the payment of disability benefits. Fortunately, with the 2020 revision of the Special Act, the conditions for estimating causal relations were eased and individual screening systems such as health impact assessment were reorganized along with the introduction of a rapid screening system. Conclusions: The management system for chemical substances in a country is clearly of paramount importance, and the ministry in charge must have a response system in case of damage to health effects. Administration that looks at the victims' situation from their point of view is needed, and technical countermeasures are required to quickly recognize the prevalence of certain diseases.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.620-632
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• 2022

In order to prepare for the Anthropocene, this study aims to provide basic data on the direction of the Anthropocene liberal arts education by sharing experiences on anthropocene perception for undergraduates using the FGI analysis method. Interviews were conducted on 14 people who participated in liberal arts tutoring for about four months from October 2021 to January 2022, and as a result of confirming meaningful concepts according to qualitative analysis methods, a total of three topics, eight subcategories, and 16 sub-units were derived. "The advent of the new geological age" recognized that the anthrop tax was close to our lives, and it was time to predict the future through the meaning, seriousness, and development potential of the anthrop tax, and "Anthropocene Reorganization and Responsibility" emphasized the reorganization and responsibility of individuals, companies, and governments. The Direction of Human Tax Liberal Education proposed future basic liberal arts education, action practice for climate change, measures to overcome the anthropology using ICT technology, and various liberal arts education contents for a positive anthropology. In this regard, this study raised perception of the survival of mankind by in-depth exploration of the anthropocene in terms of liberal arts education, suggested the direction of future liberal arts education necessary in the anthropocene era, and suggested implications for the educational content and method.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.1540-1554
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• 2023

To use nuclear energy sustainably, spent nuclear fuel, classified as high-level radioactive waste and inevitably discharged after electricity generation by nuclear power plants, must be managed safely and isolated from the human environment. In Korea, the land area is limited and the amount of high-level radioactive waste, including spent nuclear fuels to be disposed, is relatively large. Thus, it is particularly necessary to maximize disposal efficiency. In this study, a high-efficiency deep geological repository concept was developed to enhance disposal efficiency. To this end, design strategies and requirements for a high-efficiency deep geological repository system were established, and engineered barrier modules with a disposal canister for pressurized water reactor (PWR)-type and pressurized heavy water reactor type Canada deuterium uranium (CANDU) plants were developed. Thermal and structural stability assessments were conducted for the repository system; it was confirmed that the system was suitable for the established strategies and requirements. In addition, the results of the nuclear safety assessment showed that the radiological safety of the new system met the Korean safety standards for disposal of high-level radioactive waste in terms of radiological dose. To evaluate disposal efficiency in terms of the disposal area, the layout of the developed disposal areas was assessed in terms of thermal limits. The estimated disposal areas were 2.51 km² and 1.82 km² (existing repository system: 4.57 km²) and the excavated host rock volumes were 2.7 Mm³ and 2.0 Mm³ (existing repository system: 4.5 Mm³) for thermal limits of 100 ℃ and 130 ℃, respectively. These results indicated that the area and the excavated volume of the new repository system were reduced by 40-60% compared to the existing repository system. In addition, methods to further improve the efficiency were derived for the disposal area for deep geological disposal of spent nuclear fuel. The results of this study are expected to be useful in establishing a national high-level radioactive waste management policy, and for the design of a commercial deep geological repository system for spent nuclear fuels.

• Journal of Popular Narrative
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.73-108
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• 2019

This paper is an attempt to discuss the history and the current state of 'SF theaters.' SF theater is still an unfamiliar genre to the public, and may surprise some, given that the stage is perceived as an insufficient space for stretching the scientific imagination. Since 2010 works that bring the scientific imagination into the theater have frequently been performed, and a recognition of SF theaters began to be established. Producers came to be absorbed in human psychology, and our isolation amidst the progress in technology, as well as in the absurdities of the world, while giving up the ideal of realistic descriptions. This became the foundation for SF theaters in South Korea today. Starting from the research history and the conceptual change in SF theaters, this study examined the status of SF dramas going back to the colonial period for SF theaters. Through inquiring into the history of SF theaters, we were able to derive the following implications and problems. Firstly, as they are based on future society or technical improvement without consideration of scientific probability or rationality, the scientific imagination is too absent for the work to be named 'SF theater.' Secondly, while being highly evaluated as an attempt to integrate science and stage in an era that emphasizes convergence, when we delve into the creativity of a material it is noticeable that the view of the world is still regressive. Thirdly, there are many cases in which scripts lean on SF classics or Japanese original works. Nevertheless, if young creators' diverse attempts in a genre can breathe with the contemporary audience desiring a new material, the foundation of a Korean-style SF theater may be expanded to include more significant work.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.7 no.8
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• pp.189-199
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to compare the grid usage that is common to Leonardo da Vinci and J.N.L. Durand in the process of designing the architectural plan. In the days when there was no proper measurement tool, auxiliary lines relied entirely on the architect's personal mindset and design convenience. Therefore, it is considered that studying the auxiliary lines drawn by the architects will be useful for studying the human perception system. Among auxiliary lines, the grid has been used by many architects. Leonardo da Vinci and J.N.L. Durand are famous. However, these two show a significant different grid usage. As auxiliary grid and space ares added the center of the Leonardo da Vinci grid continues to move, and the grid in his sketch is becoming a building space itself. So I call it 'conceptual grid'. In the case of J.N.L. Durand, the one center of the grid is always at the center of the drawing. That is, all the positions of the grid can be determined in phase around a common point, and all of the same specifications are assumed. The grid is a kind of filter. That's why his grid is a visual abstraction of the process of thinking. In this paper, I will call the grid of J.N.L. Durand as 'abstract grid'.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.369-379
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to improve an university tutoring program qualitatively, evaluating and analyzing the case of tutoring program that students attended in order to strengthen their learning competences through CIPP(Context-Input-Process-Product). To do this, a tutoring survey with satisfaction survey was carried out for 90 students who participated in the final reporting meeting among those who joined the tutoring program at the second semester of 2016 year at the B university. In addition, a tutor interim checking workshop was held for the 49 tutors and qualitative analyses were carried out on the reflection papers submitted by students who were involved in the tutoring program. Tutoring program assessments were carried out in terms of several steps and their view points. They were the necessity of tutoring program for the context evaluation, the appropriacy of human-material resources and program planning for the input evaluation, the teaching and learning activity for the process evaluation and the influence, effectiveness, sustainability, transferability for the product evaluation. Survey results showed that the average scores were presented 4.05 for the context evaluation, 3.88 for the input evaluation, 4.08 for the process evaluation and 3.92 for the product evaluation respectively. Similar analysis results were represented from the tutor workshops and the reflection paper analysis results. Learners were satisfied with all the evaluation items, scoring more than the average level. However, it was necessary for the evaluation items that were rated low range to improve the program through detail modification plans.

• Korea Science and Art Forum
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• v.24
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• pp.399-409
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• 2016

This study's purpose is to research the correlation between property and the major festivals with media art of exemplary 3 cities among 8 Unesco Media Art Creative Cities. As a result, it is drawn a conclusion that the below strategies are necessary to achieve success for Unesco Media Art Creative City. First, from the Creative City's point of view, on the basis of the maximization of various merits such as history, natural surroundings, and human resources of the city, it is necessary to reconcile a vision of the city and an identity of Media Art Creative City, and to seek for continuous growth of the city by consistency and durability of control tower within the local government. Second, from the local festival's point of view, it is necessary to provide a differentiated service in the existing media art festivals, to attract the fusion of media art and festivals, and the diversification and the popularization of media art programs. And, it needs to lead to involvement of young people with the fusion of on-line and off-line festivals, the fusion of analogue and digital festivals. In the conclusion, for the successful constructing of Media Art Creative City, it is necessary to maximize the merits of the city's own, to enhance the image for Media Art Creative City with the correlation between the merits and media art, and to differentiate the city's own various festivals, ant the same time, to converge them with media art technology. With these strategies, the local festival can make a new leap for global festival when it constitutes a whole with Media Art Creative City.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.517-531
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• 2018

This study was carried out for the purpose of investigating Uzbekistan students's adaptation to Korea college life. Qualitative interviews were conducted in regards to the motivation for college entrance and stresses incurred during college life for 10 Uzbekistan students who were studying at I college located in Incheon. Data from the interviews were analyzed using theme analysis method. Most of the participants in this study got information about Korean colleges through their overseas study exhibitions in their own countries and became Korea college. The results showed that the reasons for college enrollment were (1)preparation for future goals (2)the influence of family. In Uzbekistan, parents play a big role in determining their children's education. Therefore, their decision to study abroad and the role of their parents were significant. The stress they experienced in college life fell into five categories, namely, (1)financial stress (2)stress about studies (3) stress in regards to human relationships (4)stress in regards to their futures and getting a job. In addition, this study discussed how to solve such as problems experienced by Uzbekistan students. And also the role of college and the necessity of providing appropriate support programs were discussed. Finally, the implications of these findings were presented.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.8 no.8
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• pp.793-803
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• 2018

Since Confucius presentied 'zhong-yong' and Zi Si wrote Zhong-Yong (The Doctring of the Mean), specially since Zhu Xi edited Zhong-Yong as one of Si-Shu (The Four Books) and interpreted it, zhong-yong was not only recognized as the extreme of morality but also as a significant category of Confucianism. The purpose of this paper is to clarify how Jeong Yak-Yong criticized Zhu Xi's interpretation of zhong-yong, and furthermore, to search how Jung Yak-yong explain the zhong-yong by tree concepts of 'grasp', 'moral behavior', and 'habit'. Zhu Xi interpreted zong as a measured absolute middle of two-side and a non-launched original nature. Interpreted yong as a common truth. Therefore he interpreted zhong-yong as a common truth of neither excessive nor enough. Accordingly, Zhu Xi's zhong-yong can be understood as absolute zhong-yong without human's reflection and moral behavior. But Jeong Yak-Yong interpreted zhong as the state of a man's very hard-concentrate and grasp of situation, and interpreted yong as the state of a man's very hard-effort moral behavior and it's habit. Therefore he explained zhong-yong as a habit of moral behavior through grasp.