• Title/Summary/Keyword: Human Social capital

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The Relationship between Perceived Access to Finance and Social Entrepreneurship Intentions among University Students in Vietnam

  • Luc, Phan Tan
    • The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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    • v.5 no.1
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    • pp.63-72
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    • 2018
  • Social entrepreneurship is increasingly gaining interest in developing countries for the great benefits of society. In Vietnam, the concept of social entrepreneurship is still quite new. Entrepreneurial intention is regarded as a useful and practial approach for understanding actual entrepreneurial behavior. The purpose of this paper is to develop an integrated model based on planned behavior to examine the direct and indirect effect of perceived access to finance on social entrepreneurial intention. The confirm factor analysis to study the latent constructs underlying determinants of planned behavioral theory, perceived access to finance and social entrepreneurial intention. Then, it applies the technique of structural equation modeling to explore relationships among latent constructs. There is no direct relationship between perceived access to finance and social entrepreneurial intention. Perceived access to finance only indirectly increases entrepreneurial intention through attitude towards behavior and perceived behavioral. This study focuses on the perceptual factor of financial access that affects entrepreneurial intentions. The study does not cover other in-depth issues of social entrepreneurship such as decision making, leadership, personality traits, social capital, and human capital. To establish an environment with a strong social entrepreneurial intention, a focus on developing perceived access to finance is an extremely important factor. This study also suggests that attitude towards behavior and perceived behavioral have a strong impact to social entrepreneurship.

Technology Infrastructure : Its Importance and Policy Implications (기술하부구조 : 중요성과 정책적 함의)

  • 석영철;김윤경
    • Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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    • v.1 no.1
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    • pp.9-22
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    • 1998
  • With the advent of new order of international competition, the technology Policy of Korea has been changed from vertical one which focuses on specific technologies or selective industries to a horizontal one which supports R&D activities on a neutral basis. TIP(Technology Infrastructure Policy) is WTO free in the sense that it is Indirect method of supporting technology development and properly defined as a part of government role by OECD. Technology infrastructure is embodied in human capital, and includes also elements of physical capital and knowledge. Hence it is more differentiated than, and distinguished from conventional infrastructure. It implies a need for carefully designed strategy with the recognition of those differences. As a fundamental element of innovation and technological development, technology infrastructure should become the main focus of industrial technology Policy.

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Transnational Effects of Sharing on Social Capital among Young Adults: How the acts of sharing strengthen relationships between givers and recipients

  • Kim, Jiwon;Bang, Hyejin
    • Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
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    • v.16 no.2
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    • pp.93-109
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    • 2017
  • Cross-culturally, acts of sharing are recognized as an effective method to initiate and maintain human relationships in real-life situations by promoting continuous reciprocal exchanges between donors and recipients. Specifically, this study examines the effects of sharing a media product from the perspective of the givers, as compared to effects on the receivers. "Gangnam Style," a Korean music video, is of interest because it was spontaneously shared worldwide by young adults who used it as a vehicle to build and strengthen social relationships, among young adults. While both the givers and receivers of the "Gangnam Style" benefited from bridging new relationships, the results of this study found that those who gave "Gangnam Style" benefited more in terms bonding already existing relationships, compared to those who received materials. This study provides further evidence in support of the "sender-effect" paradigm and enhances our understanding of how online sharing contributes to the construction of social capital among the young adults.

A Study of Leadership Competencies and Job Embeddedness among Child Group Home Workers : The Double Mediating Effects of Social Capital and Organizational Culture (아동 공동생활가정 종사자의 리더십 역량과 직무착근도 연구: 사회적자본과 조직문화의 이중 매개효과)

  • Goo, Hyeongyu;Kim, Bongwha
    • The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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    • v.10 no.3
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    • pp.593-604
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    • 2024
  • This study examined the effect of leadership competence on job embeddedness among child co-residence workers to mitigate the negative impact of human resource management on their low job tenure and treatment. The study initially tested the mediating effects of social capital and organizational culture between the two variables, thereby suggesting ways to enhance job attendance among workers in children's shared family homes. The results of the study are as follows. Leadership competencies among child co-residence workers were found to have a positive effect not only on job embeddedness but also on social capital and organizational culture. Social capital and organizational culture were identified as mediators in the relationship between leadership competencies and job commitment The primary significance of this study lies in its identification of the relationship between leadership competence and job attendance - a factor previously overlooked. This finding offers a pathway to increase job attendance. Furthermore, the study expands the scope of relevant variables to include leadership competence, social capital, and organizational culture. Finally, it sheds light on the mediating effects of social capital and organizational culture on the relationship between leadership competence and job embeddedness.

A Qualitative Study on Multi-child Families' Investment in Human Capital (다자녀 가족의 인적자본 투자에 관한 질적연구)

  • Moon, Sook-Jae;Lee, Sung-Eun;Yang, Jung-Sun
    • Journal of Families and Better Life
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    • v.25 no.6
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    • pp.43-57
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    • 2007
  • The objective of this study is to identify the significance of haying many children, their motive of childbirth, patterns of investment in human capital, and their expectations of their children. For this purpose, thirteen mothers of multi-child families have been interviewed in depth. Key findings of the study are as follows. First, the significance of children in many-child families varied. The fundamental features were: symbol of strong ties between God and humans, proud existence displayable to others about their level of happiness, and a means of defining their identity. Second, the typical motives of the majority of interviewees to have many children were "unplanned" but "natural accommodation and adaptation." Third, striking aspects, in terms of many-child families' investment in human capital were to consider many-child families to be a community in itself as a great environment of teaming and to have to deal with issues of limits and impartiality when allocating resources of a limited income and parents' time. Fourth, expectations of parents for their children were "normal growth" and mediocrity, and they cited intangible human assets as the greatest gift to their children. This study will hopefully offer a new analytical perspective to the growing concerns of low birth rates and excessive zeal of parents for their children's education, and thereby lay the groundwork of methodological approaches for resolving such social problems.

Comparing Labor Force Attachment and Human Capital Development Models in America's Welfare to Work Policies (미국의 노동중심적 복지개혁에서의 '노동시장연결' 모델과 '인간자본개발' 모델 비교)

  • Kim, Jong-Il
    • Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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    • v.41
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    • pp.119-146
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    • 2000
  • The goals and strategies of welfare-to-work (WTW) policies have been sources of contentious political debate. In the United States, despite 20 years of welfare reform, there remain important differences of opinion regarding how best to design and deliver WTW programs. The proliferation of state and local WTW experiments has led to the identification of two ideal-types of WTW programs: the Labor Force Attachment and Human Capital Development models. Most of the recent policy debate about WTW in America has focused on the relative merits and performance of LFA and HCD. While the Primary goal of the LFA model is for welfare recipients to achieve a rapid transition into work, the HCD model seeks to improve the long-term employability of welfare dependents through education and skill development. LFA policies tend to be strongly outcome-oriented and generally can yield quick results. Their "any job is a good job" philosophy has proved attractive to policy-makers who are anxious to see concrete results in a short-term period. In contrast, the HCD policies do not simply dump welfare dependents at the bottom of the labor market, but aim to secure relatively stable and well-paid jobs. However, these strengths are offset by several practical weaknesses including high unit costs and long-term investment in human capital. In recent years, LFA policies have been increasingly favored by both policy officials and politicians in the United States. The introduction of Temporaray Assistance to Needy Families of 1996 has been accelerating the trend. What is going to happen to welfare recipients? This simple shift to the LFA model, however, will only see an alarming increase of working poor in a near future.

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Mediating Roles of Attachment for Information Sharing in Social Media: Social Capital Theory Perspective (소셜 미디어에서 정보공유를 위한 애착의 매개역할: 사회적 자본이론 관점)

  • Chung, Namho;Han, Hee Jeong;Koo, Chulmo
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
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    • v.22 no.4
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    • pp.101-123
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    • 2012
  • Currently, Social Media, it has widely a renown keyword and its related social trends and businesses have been fastly applied into various contexts. Social media has become an important research area for scholars interested in online technologies and cyber space and their social impacts. Social media is not only including web-based services but also mobile-based application services that allow people to share various style information and knowledge through online connection. Social media users have tendency to common identity- and bond-attachment through interactions such as 'thumbs up', 'reply note', 'forwarding', which may have driven from various factors and may result in delivering information, sharing knowledge, and specific experiences et al. Even further, almost of all social media sites provide and connect unknown strangers depending on shared interests, political views, or enjoyable activities, and other stuffs incorporating the creation of contents, which provides benefits to users. As fast developing digital devices including smartphone, tablet PC, internet based blogging, and photo and video clips, scholars desperately have began to study regarding diverse issues connecting human beings' motivations and the behavioral results which may be articulated by the format of antecedents as well as consequences related to contents that people create via social media. Social media such as Facebook, Twitter, or Cyworld users are more and more getting close each other and build up their relationships by a different style. In this sense, people use social media as tools for maintain pre-existing network, creating new people socially, and at the same time, explicitly find some business opportunities using personal and unlimited public networks. In terms of theory in explaining this phenomenon, social capital is a concept that describes the benefits one receives from one's relationship with others. Thereby, social media use is closely related to the form and connected of people, which is a bridge that can be able to achieve informational benefits of a heterogeneous network of people and common identity- and bonding-attachment which emphasizes emotional benefits from community members or friend group. Social capital would be resources accumulated through the relationships among people, which can be considered as an investment in social relations with expected returns and may achieve benefits from the greater access to and use of resources embedded in social networks. Social media using for their social capital has vastly been adopted in a cyber world, however, there has been little explaining the phenomenon theoretically how people may take advantages or opportunities through interaction among people, why people may interactively give willingness to help or their answers. The individual consciously express themselves in an online space, so called, common identity- or bonding-attachments. Common-identity attachment is the focus of the weak ties, which are loose connections between individuals who may provide useful information or new perspectives for one another but typically not emotional support, whereas common-bonding attachment is explained that between individuals in tightly-knit, emotionally close relationship such as family and close friends. The common identify- and bonding-attachment are mainly studying on-offline setting, which individual convey an impression to others that are expressed to own interest to others. Thus, individuals expect to meet other people and are trying to behave self-presentation engaging in opposite partners accordingly. As developing social media, individuals are motivated to disclose self-disclosures of open and honest using diverse cues such as verbal and nonverbal and pictorial and video files to their friends as well as passing strangers. Social media context, common identity- and bond-attachment for self-presentation seems different compared with face-to-face context. In the realm of social media, social users look for self-impression by posting text messages, pictures, video files. Under the digital environments, people interact to work, shop, learn, entertain, and be played. Social media provides increasingly the kinds of intention and behavior in online. Typically, identity and bond social capital through self-presentation is the intentional and tangible component of identity. At social media, people try to engage in others via a desired impression, which can maintain through performing coherent and complementary communications including displaying signs, symbols, brands made of digital stuffs(information, interest, pictures, etc,). In marketing area, consumers traditionally show common-identity as they select clothes, hairstyles, automobiles, logos, and so on, to impress others in any given context in a shopping mall or opera. To examine these social capital and attachment, we combined a social capital theory with an attachment theory into our research model. Our research model focuses on the common identity- and bond-attachment how they are formulated through social capitals: cognitive capital, structural capital, relational capital, and individual characteristics. Thus, we examined that individual online kindness, self-rated expertise, and social relation influence to build common identity- and bond-attachment, and the attachment effects make an impact on both the willingness to help, however, common bond seems not to show directly impact on information sharing. As a result, we discover that the social capital and attachment theories are mainly applicable to the context of social media and usage in the individual networks. We collected sample data of 256 who are using social media such as Facebook, Twitter, and Cyworld and analyzed the suggested hypotheses through the Structural Equation Model by AMOS. This study analyzes the direct and indirect relationship between the social network service usage and outcomes. Antecedents of kindness, confidence of knowledge, social relations are significantly affected to the mediators common identity-and bond attachments, however, interestingly, network externality does not impact, which we assumed that a size of network was a negative because group members would not significantly contribute if the members do not intend to actively interact with each other. The mediating variables had a positive effect on toward willingness to help. Further, common identity attachment has stronger significant on shared information.

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Mega Sport Event and Social Capital: A Host Community Perspective Comparison in Korea and the US through Social Conflict Theory (메가스포츠이벤트와 사회적 자본의 역할: 갈등이론을 중심으로 한 한국과 미국의 이벤트 유치지역사회의 관점 비교에 대한 연구)

  • Park, Seong-Hee;Cottingham, Michael;Seo, Won-Jae
    • The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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    • v.9 no.9
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    • pp.63-74
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    • 2018
  • Purpose - The current study is to compare the cognition of stakeholders on hosting a mega sports event between Korea and the United States. In particular, to understand their cognition and perceptual conflict towards hosting a mega sports event, the study employed conflict theory. Furthermore, the study reviewed the role of social capital in the process of managing the mega sports events. Research Design, Data, and Methodology - Of homogeneous sampling, purposeful sampling method and criterion-based selection approach were used to collect interview data from key stakeholders who have been involved in hosting a mega sports events in Korea and the United States. In-depth interview transcripts were reviewed multiple tiems after transcription to extract concepts and meanings that were pertinenet to the experience involving hosting a mega sports event. Further member checks was conducted to increase the credibility of the results. Results - Results can be summarized as followed: First, stakeholders of Korea have a strong desire for positive economic effects of a mega sports event, compared to those in the United States who are more concerned in enhancing the public interests and concerns. Second, in Korea, various socio-political issues emerged at the same time and conflicts among multiple stakeholders have aggravated the situations to coordinate the issues. This was because legal system supporting socio-trust has not been established. On the other hand, major stakeholders of the United States consisted of community members who have socio-trust and networks. Thereby these social resources have been found playing a key role in building social capital that assists the stakeholders to coordinate the current issues and to solve them. Conclusions - The current study analyzed the cognition and perceptual conflict of stakehoders in a mega sports event. Social capital has beend found as a key catalyst to increase a network and cooperation among stakeholders. In order to enhance social capital in managing a mega sports event hosted in Korea, legal systems that establish networks and relationships among the related stakeholders need to be developed. Furthermore, the systematic guideline needs to be developed, organizing the sub-committees according to the types of stakeholders and the categorized common needs.

An Analysis on the Reemployment of the Unemployed : Centered on the Applications of Human Capital and Human Capability Perspective (실업자의 재취업에 관한 분석: 인적자본관점(Human Capital Perspective)과 인간능력관점(Human Capability Perspective)의 적용)

  • Kang, Chul-Hee;Lee, Hong-Jik;Hong, Hyun-Mi-Ra
    • Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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    • v.57 no.3
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    • pp.223-249
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    • 2005
  • This study examines the hazard rate of reemployment by conducting the Cox regression analysis. In addition, two gender groups are subjected to comparative analysis to identify the effect of the factors related to the human capital and human capability perspective on reemployment. For this purpose, 1,871 cases are selected from the 5th year data from Korea Labor and Income Panel Study. The results of study are as follows. First, the factors of human capital, such as education, appropriateness of skill level, and job tenure hold negative impact on the probability of reemployment, while factors of human capability, such as basic learning ability, health insurance, social insurance, residential area(living in the Seoul metropolitan area) hold positive on the probability of reemployment. It is interesting note that there are different sets of factors that affect the probability of reemployment in the two gender groups. This trend is even more apparent in the case of factors that pertain to human capability. The results of this study imply that the factors of human capability, which stress the socio-institutional characteristics, should be considered as comparably significant compared to the factors that pertain to human capital when it comes to the estimation of reemployment. Also, results of this comparative study teach us that various perspectives, such as dual labor market theory and gender-segmented labor market theory, should be factored in for reemployment discussion as well. In conclusion, this research delivers several significant messages since it introduces the concept of human capability perspective, subjected to few empirical analyses in the past, and also heralds the way for comparative analysis on the impact of the factors pertaining to human capability on reemployment.

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Determinants of the Demand for Cash-Value Life Insurance (저축성 보험 보유 및 보유액에 영향을 미치는 요인 분석)

  • Baek Eun-Young;Joung Soon-Hee
    • Journal of Families and Better Life
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    • v.23 no.3 s.75
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    • pp.217-230
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    • 2005
  • The purpose of this study was to examine factors related to the purchase of cash-value life insurance of households. Based on human capital and bequest motive theories of the demand for life insurance, this study developed a conceptual model of the demand for life insurance of households. In addition, in order to capture the beneficiaries' preference and expected lifetime utility, expected future financial needs were included in the conceptual model. Using Heckit analysis, the model was estimated by two stages. The results supported that human capital, bequest motives and expected future financial needs were significant factors on both decision to have insurance and the mont of insurance. Specifically, if the household's head expected to have a higher potential in the future, the household was more likely to have insurance. If a household had dependents, the household was more likely to have insurance. As income or monthly expenditure increased, the probability of haying insurance and the amount of the insurance increased However, savings or social insurance were positively related to the purchase of insurance.