• Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.187-192
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• 2014

Objectives: Measurement of the incidence of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is very important for epidemiological studies. Here, we determined the recency period with the AxSYM avidity assay and the BED-capture enzyme immunoassay (BED-CEIA) in Korean seroconverters. Methods: Two hundred longitudinal specimens from 81 seroconverters with incident HIV infections that had been collected at the Korea National Institute of Health were subjected to the AxSYM avidity assay (cutoff = 0.8) and BED-CEIA (cutoff = 0.8). The statistical method used to estimate the recency period in recent HIV infections was nonparametric survival analyses. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated for 10-day increments from 120 days to 230 days to determine the recency period. Results: The mean recency period of the avidity assay and BED-CEIA using a survival method was 158 days [95% confidence interval (CI), 135-181 days] and 189 days (95% CI, 170-208 days), respectively. Based on the use of sensitivity and specificity, the mean recency period for the avidity assay and BED-CEIA was 150 days and 200 days, respectively. Conclusion: We determined the recency period to estimate HIV incidence in Korea. These data showed that the nonparametric survival analysis often led to shorter recency periods than analysis of sensitivity and specificity as a new method. These findings suggest that more data from seroconverters and other methodologies are needed to determine the recency period for estimating HIV incidence.

• 대한영상의학회지
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• 제79권6호
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• pp.359-364
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• 2018

크립토코쿠스 수막염 면역재구성 염증증후군은 역설적 크립토코쿠스 수막염 면역재구성 염증증후군과 증상이 드러나는 크립토코쿠스 수막염 면역재구성 염증증후군의 두 가지 형태가 있다. 역설적 크립토코쿠스 수막염 면역재구성 염증증후군과 크립토코쿠스 수막염 재발을 구별하는 것은 중요하다. 왜냐하면 면역재구성 염증증후군 없는 크립토코쿠스 수막염보다 면역재구성 염증증후군이 있는 크립토 코쿠스 수막염의 사망율이 더 높고, 역설적 크립토코쿠스 수막염 면역재구성 염증증후군과 크립토코쿠스 수막염 재발은 다른 치료를 요구하기 때문이다. 우리는 인간면역결핍바이러스 감염환자의 3년의 추적기간 동안 임상 소견과 자기공명영상 소견이 잘 대조된 역설적 크립토코쿠스 수막염 면역재구성 염증증후군의 사례와 감별에 도움이 되는 새로운 자기공명영상 소견을 보고하고자 한다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.8-17
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• 2024

Objectives: The effectiveness and efficiency of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in reducing the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among men who have sex with men (MSM) relies on how widely it is adopted and adhered to, particularly among high-risk groups of MSM. The meta-analysis aimed to collect and analyze existing evidence on various factors related to PrEP adherence in MSM, including demographic characteristics, sexual behaviors, substance use, and psychosocial factors. Methods: The meta-analysis followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. The search included articles published between January 2018 and December 2022, obtained from the PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus databases. The studies that were included in the analysis reported the proportion of MSM who demonstrated adherence to PrEP and underwent quality appraisal using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results: Of the 268 studies initially identified, only 12 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final meta-analysis. The findings indicated that education (odds ratio [OR], 1.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12 to 2.40), number of sexual partners (OR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.31), engaging in sexual activities with an human immunodeficiency virus-positive partner (OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.16 to 2.26), substance use (OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.70 to 0.99), and lower levels of depression (OR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.37 to 0.82) were associated with higher rates of PrEP adherence among MSM. Conclusions: Despite these findings, further research is necessary to investigate PrEP adherence more comprehensively. The findings of this meta-analysis can be utilized to inform interventions aimed at improving PrEP adherence among MSM and provide directions for future research in this area.

• Journal of Medicine and Life Science
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.121-126
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• 2024

Disseminated tuberculosis (TB), resulting from the hematogenous spread of tubercle bacilli, typically affects immunocompromised individuals, such as those infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. However, risk factors in immunocompetent populations are not well understood. Here, we report a rare case of disseminated TB with CD4+ T-cell depletion in a previously healthy 35-year-old man. The patient presented with a 2-month history of intermittent gross hematuria, dysuria, loose stools, and weight loss. His medical history was unremarkable except for a herpes zoster infection 4 years prior to presentation. Laboratory tests revealed microscopic hematuria and pyuria; however, the urine culture was negative. Urine specimens tested positive for TB-polymerase chain reaction. Abdominal computed tomography revealed a focal filling defect in the left kidney, segmental wall thickening of the terminal ileum, and multiple enlarged lymph nodes with central necrosis. Chest computed tomography revealed active pulmonary TB. Colonoscopy confirmed intestinal TB in the terminal ileum and ileocecal valve, with positive TB-polymerase chain reaction results from sputum and ileal ulcer tissue. The patient was diagnosed with disseminated TB and was treated with standard anti-TB drugs. Although the human immunodeficiency virus test results were negative, the patient's CD4+ T-cell count was significantly low (278/μL). Follow-up tests after 1 month showed negative TB cultures; however, the patient's CD4+ T-cell depletion persisted, with counts remaining low after 1 year. This case highlights the rare occurrence of disseminated TB in immunocompetent individuals with CD4+ T-cell depletion and emphasizes the importance of CD4+ T-cell assessment in healthy patients presenting with disseminated TB.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제25권7호
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• pp.991-996
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• 2004

New series of 6-(arylthio)uracils, 6-(4-substituted-1-piperazinyl)uracils, 2,4,5-trioxo-1H,3H-benzothiopyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine and 5-aryl-2,4-dioxo-1H,3H-pyrimido[5,4-f]benzo[1,4]thiazepines have been prepared and screened for their in vitro activity against herpes simplex-1 virus (HSV-1) and human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1). The in vitro cytotoxic activity was also evaluated. The results of biological testing revealed that compound 5b showed marginal activity against HSV-1, while compounds 5b and 5f exhibited marginal activity against HIV-1. The rest of the tested compounds were found devoid of antiviral activity against both HSV-1 and HIV-1.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.25-27
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• 2005

The Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is an acute polyradiculoneuropathy marked by flaccid areflexic paralysis. Although the pathogenesis of GBS remains incompletely defined, considered as an autoimmune disease most frequently triggered by an previous infection. Antecedent infections with Campylobacter jejuni, cytomegalovirus, Ebstein-Barr virus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, human immunodeficiency virus, enterovirus, rotavirus are common. But, it is rare that GBS following typhoid fever. We present a case of typical GBS after antecedent Salmonella typhi infection.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.251-258
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• 2021

Hepatitis C infection is responsible for high morbidity and mortality rates globally as well as for significant indirect costs. The disease burden caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV) is comparable to the one caused by human immunodeficiency virus or tuberculosis. Today, simple detection methods, highly effective and easy to administer therapies and efficient preventative measures are available to combat hepatitis C. Nevertheless, in most countries around the world, the World Health Organization target of eliminating this infectious disease and its consequences by 2030 are not being met. Significant gaps in care for hepatitis C sufferers still exist, the shortcomings ranging from education and treatment to aftercare. Hepatitis C infection was and still is not on the radar of most politicians and health authorities. National programmes and strategies to combat the disease exist or are being developed in many countries. However, for these to be implemented efficiently and successfully, clear political commitment, strong civil society actors, well-functioning public health structures and the relevant support from global donors are needed.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1993년도 제2회 신약개발 연구발표회 초록집
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• pp.92-92
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• 1993

Point mutations in a highly conserved central region of the HIV-1 integrase protein were analyzed for their effects on viral replication and virion morphogenesis. Conservative amino acid replacements of two amino acid residues invariant un retroviral integrases, D116 and E152 of HIV-1, as well as the highly conserved amino acid S147, completely blocked viral replication in two CD4$\^$＋/ human T cell lines. Mutation of four other highly conserved amino acids in the region had no detectable effect on viral replication, while Mutations at two positions, N117 and Y143, resulted in viruses with a delayed replication phenotype. Characteristic and reproducible defects id virion core structure were observed by electron microscopic analysis of sore of the replication defective integrase point mutants, indicating that mutant integrase proteins can interfere with the process of virion core maturation.

• 현장농수산연구지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.36-56
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• 2003

Selenium(Se) is an essential trace element in the human body. Main function of this element is a catalytic part of antioxidant enzymes that protect cells against the attacks of free radicals that are produced during normal metabolism of the body. Se is also essential for normal function of the immune system and thyroid gland. It also appears to be a key nutrient in counteracting the development of virulence and inhibiting HIV(human immunodeficiency virus) progression to AIDS. It is also required for sperm motility and reduces the depression. Therefore, it is very meaningful that livestock producers generate Se-fortified animal products, such as Se-egg, Se-milk, Se-pork, Se-chicken and Se-beef from the point of producers as well as human heath. However, regulation on Se usage and Se-fortified food/feed is far from being clear in Korea even though Se should be carefully monitored because of its toxicity. Thus, one has to be aware of Se properties when designing Se-fortified animal products.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.377-382
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• 2009

사람과 동물 유래의 혈장, 세포, 조직 등을 이용하여 생물의약품을 생산하기 위해서는 바이러스 안전성 확보가 필수적이다. 바이러스 안전성 보증을 위해 생물의약품 제조공정은 바이러스 불활화/제거 단계를 포함하여야 한다. 짧은 파장자외선(UVC) 조사는 바이러스 불활화 효과가 매우 높은 것으로 알려졌지만, UVC 조사로 인한 단백질의 변성과 대상 물질에 동일하게 조사를 할 수 있는 기계적 장치 개발의 어려움으로 인해 UVC 조사는 생물의약품 제조 공정에 사용되지 못했다. 최근에 이러한 결점을 해결한 연속 유동 UVC 반응기(UVivatec)가 개발되었다. UVivatec의 바이러스 불활화 효과 및 단백질 회수율을 검증하기 위해 단백질 의약품을 대상으로 적용가능성을 조사하였다. 최적화된 $3,000\;J/m^2$ 조사 공정에서 단백질의 회수율은 98%이상이었다. UVC 조사에 의한 human immunodeficiency virus(HIV), hepatitis A virus(HAV), bovine herpes virus(BHV), bovine viral diarrhea virus(BVDV), porcine parvovirus(PPV), bovine parvovirus(BPV), minute virus of mice(MVM), reovirus type 3(REO), bovine parainfluenza virus type 3(BPIV) 불활화 효과를 평가하였다. HAV, PPV, BPV, MVM, REO와 같은 비외피(nonenvelope) 바이러스는 $3,000\;J/m^2$ 조사량에 의해 검출한계 이하로 완벽하게 불활화되었다. HIV, BVDV, BPIV 같은 외피(envelope) 바이러스도 $3,000\;J/m^2$ 조사량에 의해 검출한계 이하로 완벽하게 불활화되었다. 또한 BHV도 매우 민감하게 불활화되었다. UVC 조사에 의한 각 바이러스들의 로그 감소율은 HIV는 ${\geq}3.89$, HAV는 ${\geq}5.27$, BHV는 5.29, BVDV는 ${\geq}5.96$, PPV는 ${\geq}4.37$, BPV는 ${\geq}3.55$, MVM은 ${\geq}3.51$, REO는 ${\geq}4.20$, BPIV는 ${\geq}4.15$이었다. 이와 같은 결과에서 UVivatec을 이용한 UVC 조사는 바이러스 불활화에 매우 효과적인 방법임을 확인하였다.