• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.462-472
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the quality characteristics of Brassica juncea cultivated in Jeongseon (BJJ), South Korea. We analyzed the nutritional components and antioxidant activity of BJJ. As a result of the free sugar analysis, the contents of glucose and fructose in BJJ were $0.29{\pm}0.02g/100g$ and $0.10{\pm}0.00g/100g$, respectively. The major fatty acids were palmitic acid, octadecenoic acid and stearic acid. The palmitic acid was the highest at 31.22% of all fatty acids. The major minerals were identified as Ca, P, K, Mg and Na. The contents of vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$, vitamin $B_6$, vitamin C and vitamin E in BJJ were $0.02{\pm}0.00mg/100g$, $0.087{\pm}0.01mg/100g$, $0.02{\pm}0.00mg/100g$, $0.56{\pm}0.06mg/100g$ and $0.20{\pm}0.03mg\;{\alpha}-TE/100g$, respectively. As a result of the free amino acid analysis, total amino acid contents in BJJ were $2,801.21{\pm}115.38mg/100g$. L-proline content was the highest ($744.30{\pm}119.06mg/100g$) in BJJ. BJJ extract inhibits reactive oxygen species production in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Also, BJJ extract exhibits a protective effect on oxidative stress in $H_2O_2$-induced human dermal fibroblast. These results indicate that BJJ comprises various valuable nutrients which can be used as functional food ingredients.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.217-223
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• 2008

피부에서 엘라스틴(elastin)은 중요한 탄력섬유의 구성성분 중의 하나이다. 피부주름(skin wrinkle) 형성은 콜라겐(collagen)의 합성과 분해가 중요한 요인으로 작용한다고 알려져 있지만, 최근 많은 연구에서 엘라스틴의 재형성과 분해 또한 주름형성 기전에서 중요한 작용을 하는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 엘라스타제(elastase)는 엘라스틴을 분해하는 일종의 메탈로프로테이나제(metalloproteinase)이며, 자외선 B (ultraviolet B, UVB) 조사 후에 활성이 증가하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 따라서 증가된 엘라스타제의 활성은 피부의 탄력성 감소와 주름 형성의 주요한 원인이 될 것이다. 본 연구에서는 항산화 효과가 있으며, 각종 견과류나 과일에 함유된 폴리페놀(polyphenol)성분인 탄닌산(tannic acid)을 사람의 섬유아세포(CCD-25Sk fibroblasts)에 처리하여 엘라스타제 활성과 트로포엘라스틴 생성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 탄닌산은 농도의존적으로 사람의 섬유아세포 엘라스타제 활성을 유의성 있게 억제시켰다. 그러나 트로포엘라스틴 합성이나 발현증가에는 유의성 있는 효과를 보이지 않았다. 이러한 결과들로부터 탄닌산은 엘라스타제의 활성을 억제시켜 엘라스틴의 3차원적 구조를 유지하는데 기여하는 것으로 사료된다. 따라서 탄닌산은 주름생성을 억제하는 물질로 개발 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.20-25
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• 2009

Xenotransplantation of pig organs into humans is a potential solution for the shortage of donor organs for transplantation. However, multiple immune barriers preclude its clinical application. In particular, the initial type of rejection in xenotransplantation is an acute cellular rejection by host $CD8^+$ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) cells that react to donor major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I. The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) glycoprotein Unique Short (US) 2 specifically targets MHC class I heavy chains to relocate them from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane to the cytosol, where they are degraded by the proteasome. In this study we transfected the US2 gene into minipig fetal fibroblasts and established four US2 clonal cell lines. The integration of US2 into transgenic fetal cells was confirmed using PCR and Southern blot assay. The reduction of Swine Leukocyte Antigen (SLA)-I by US2 was also detected using Flow cytometry assay (FACS). The FACS analysis of the US2 clonal cell lines demonstrated a substantial reduction in SLA-I surface expression. The level (44% to 76%) of SLA-I expression in US2 clonal cell lines was decreased relative to the control. In cytotoxicity assay the rate of $CD8^+$ T cell-mediated cytotoxicity was significantly reduced to 23.8${\pm}$15.1% compared to the control (59.8${\pm}$8.4%, p<0.05). In conclusion, US2 can directly protect against $CD8^+$-mediated cell lysis. These results indicate that the expression of US2 in pig cells may provide a new approach to overcome the CTL-mediated immune rejection in xenotransplantation.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2012

The aim of this study was to evaluate surface characteristics and biological properties of the dentin -derived hydroxyapatite (HA) coating on titanium substrate. Dentinderived HA was obtained from extracted human teeth using a calcination method at $850^{\circ}C$. The commercially pure titanium (cp-Ti, ASTM Grade II) was used as a metallic substrate and a radio frequency magnetron sputtering method was employed as a coating method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) were utilized to investigate the coating aspects and composition. Atomic forced microscopy (AFM) and a surface profiler were used to assess the surface morphology and roughness. Corrosion tests were performed in phosphate-buffered saline at a $36.5{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ in order to determine the corrosion behavior of the uncoated and coated specimens. The biocompatibility of dentin-derived HA coated specimens with fetal rat calvarial cells and human gingival fibroblasts was assessed by SEM and cell proliferation analysis. The results showed that the dentin-derived HA coatings appeared to cover thinly and homogeneously the surfaces without changing of the titanium substrate. The EDX analysis of this the coating surface indicated the presence of Ca and P elements. The mean surface roughness of cp-Ti and dentin-derived coating specimens was $0.27{\mu}m$ and, $1.7{\mu}m$, respectively. Corrosion tests indicated a stable passive film of the dentin-derived HA coating specimens. SEM observations of fetal rat calvarial cells and human fibroblast cells on coated surfaces showed that the cells proliferated and developed a network of dense interconnections. The cells on all specimens proliferated actively within the culture period, showing good cell viability. At day 1 and 3, dentin-derived coating specimens showed 89% and 93% cell viability, respectively, when normalized to cp-Ti specimens. These results suggest that dentin-derived HA coating using the RF magnetron sputtering method has good surface characteristics and biocompatibility.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.292-296
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• 2004

The recombinant soluble human tumor necrosis factor-alpha (hTNF-$\alpha$) was expressed in a yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its cytotoxicity was evaluated. A cDNA encoding hTNF-$\alpha$ was placed under the control of two different promoters: a glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD) promoter and a yeast hybrid ADH2-GPD promoter, consisting of alcohol dehydrogenase II (ADH2) and the GPD promoter. A Northern blot analysis revealed that, although variation in the expression level of hTNF-$\alpha$ existed among transformants, the higher expression was obtained with the GPD promoter. Expressed hTNF-$\alpha$ protein (rhTNF-$\alpha$) was successfully secreted into the culture medium, producing 2.5 mg per liter of culture filtrate, with no changes in cell growth. The bioassay for observing the cytotoxicity to the murine L929 fibroblast cell line, with serial dilution of rhTNF-$\alpha$, indicated that the secreted rhTNF-$\alpha$ was bioactive and its dose-response was improved eight to ten times over that of the E. coli-derived rhTNF-$\alpha$.

• 대한미생물학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.573-582
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• 1999

Cytokines are hormone-like proteins which mediate and regulate inflammatory and immune responses. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), Staphylococcus enterotoxin B (SEB), and Mycoplasma lysates on regulation of IL-6 and IL-8 production by human nasal fibroblasts. Primary cultured cells were incubated with LPS ($1.0\;{\mu}g/ml$) from E.coli, SEB ($1.0\;{\mu}g/ml$) from S.aureus, or Mycoplasma lysates (M.pneumoniae, Mp; M. fermentans, Mf; M. hominis, Mh, each $1.0\;{\mu}g/ml$). The culture supernatants were collected at 2, 6, and 24 hr and assessed for IL-6 and IL-8 production by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The production of IL-6 in the culture supernatant was downregulated by LPS, SEB, or Mycoplasma lysates. But IL-6 was upregulated by mixed exposure with Mp+LPS (2 hr), Mp+LPS+SEB (24 hr), Mf+LPS (24 hr), Mf+LPS+SEB (2 hr), Mh+LPS (24 hr), Mh+SEB (24 hr), or Mh+LPS+SEB (24 hr). The production of IL-8 in the culture supernatant was similar to that of IL-6 by same stimulants. But IL-8 was upregulated by mixed exposure with Mf+LPS+SEB (2 hr), Mh+LPS (24 hr), Mh+ SEB (24 hr), or Mh+LPS+SEB (24 hr). These studies show that costimulation of LPS or SEB with Mycoplasma whole cell lysates upregulates the production of IL-6 and IL-8.

• 한국환경독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경독성학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.107-107
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• 2003

The heavy metal cadmium is a xenobiotic toxicant of environmental and occupational concern and it has been classified as a human carcinogen. Inhalation of cadmium has been implicated in the development of emphysema and pulmonary fibrosis, but, the detailed mechanism by which cadmium induces adverse biological effects is not yet known. Therefore, we undertook the investigation of genes that are induced after cadmium exposure to illustrate the mechanism of cadmium toxicity For this purpose, we employed the polymerase chain reaction-based suppression subtractive hybridization technique. We identified 29 different cadmium-inducible genes in human peripheral mononuclear cells, such as macrophage migration inhibitory factor, lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase-${\alpha}$, enolase-1${\alpha}$, VEGF, Bax, neuron-derived orphan receptor-1, and Nur77, which are known to be associated with inflammation, cell survival, and apoptosis. Induction of these genes by cadmium treatment was further confirmed by semi-quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Further, we found that these genes were also induced after cadmium exposure in normal human lung fibroblast cell line, WI-38, suggesting potential use of this induction profile to monitor cadmium toxicity in the lung. Next, Nur77, one of cadmium-inducible genes, was further studied since the products of Nur77 are known to be involved in the apoptotic process of lung cells. Following cadmium treatment, Nur77 gene expression was increased at protein-level in A549 cells. Consistently, the reporter containing Nur77 binding sequence was activated by 2.5-fold after exposure to cadmium in reporter gene analysis by transient transfection experiments. When the plasmid encoding dominant negative Nur77 that represses the transcriptional function of wild-type Nur77 was transfected into A549 cells, the expression of Bax was significantly reduced, suggesting that induction of Nur77 was an important process in cadmium-induced apoptosis in the cells. Cadmium induced the expression of Nur77 in vivo, confirming the relevance of the data obtained in viro. Together our results suggest that Nur77 gene expression in exposure to cadmium leads apoptosis of lung cells which may cause pathological changes in lung.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.105-110
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• 2008

The endogenous retrovirus-like elements (HERVs) found on several human chromosomes are somehow involved in gene regulation, especially during the transcription level. HERV-H, located on chromosome Xp22, may regulate gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) in connection with diverse diseases. By suppression subtractive hybridization screen on SV40-immortalized lung fibroblast (WI-38 VA-13), we discovered that expression of HERV-HX2, a clustered HERV-H sequence on chromosome X, was upregulated in immortalized lung cells, compared to that of normal cells. Expression of HERV-HX2 was then analyzed in various cell lines, including normal somatic cells, cancer cells, SV40-immortalized cells, and undifferentiated and differentiated human embryonic stem cells. Expression of HERV-HX2 was specifically upregulated in continuously-dividing cells, such as cancer cells and SV40-immortalized cells. Especially, HERV-HX2 in HeLa cells was highly upregulated during the S phase of the cell cycle. Similar results were obtained in hES cells, in which undifferentiated cells expressed more HERV-HX2 mRNA than differentiated hES cells, including neural precursor and endothelial progenitor cells. Taken together, our results suggest that HERV-HX2 is upregulated in cancer cells and undifferentiated hES cells, whereas downregulated as differentiation progress. Therefore, we assume that HERV-HX2 may playa role on proliferation of cancer cells as well as differentiation of hES cells in the transcriptional level.

• 약학회지
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2008

The present study investigated the antiproliferative effects of Crnum asiaticum var. japonicum against HL-60 human leukemia cells. The 80% MeOH extract or several solvent fractions from the C. asiaticum inhibited the growth of HL-60 cells, whereas the growth of HEL-299 cells, human embryonic lung fibroblast, was scarcely inhibited. When the HL-60 cells were treated with the $CHCl_3$ fraction, the BuOH fraction, the EtOAc fraction and the $H_2O$ fraction, DNA ladder, chromatin condensation and increase of sub-G1 hypodiploid cells were observed. Furthermore, the $CHCl_3$ fraction and the BuOH fraction reduced Bc1-2 mRNA level, whereas Bax mRNA level was increased. These results suggest that the inhibitory effect of C. asiaticum on the growth of the HL-60 cell might be mediated through the induction of apoptosis via the down-regulation of Bc1-2. Taken together, components of C. asiaticum might have a therapeutic potential for the treatment of human leukemia.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.129-134
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• 2006

본 연구는 곰취 추출물의 항산화, 지질과산화 억제 및 자외선 조사에 의해 유도된 MMP-1 발현에 대한 영향을 사람 섬유아세포를 이용하여 확인하였다 곰취의 DPPH와 superoxide radical 소거효과는 처리농도가 증가함에 따라 농도 의존적으로 소거효과를 나타냈으며, 각각 5mg/mL에서 82.3%와 79.3%로 DPPH와 superoxide radical을 소거하여 우수한 항산화 효과를 나타내었다. 곰취 추출물의 지질과산화 억제효과는 $500{\mu}g/mL$에서 97.0%로 지질과산화 억제효과도 우수하게 나타났다. 또한 자외선에 의해 증가된 사람 섬유아세포의 MMP-1 단백질 발현양은 곰취 추출물을 $100{\mu}g/mL$ 농도를 처리함으로써 약 35%로 감소되었다. 곰취 추출물은 항산화 효과, 지질과산화 억제효과 및 자외선 조사에 의해 유도되는 MMP-1 단백질 발현량을 조절하는 기능을 갖는 것을 확인하였다. 따라서 곰취는 항산화, 지질과산화 억제 및 자외선에 의해 유도되는 MMP-1 발현을 저해함으로써 항노화 소재로써 이용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.