• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.213-223
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• 2016

Objectives: This study was designed to assess the level of physical exposure to heavy metals among residents who live around a Chungcheongnam-do Province industrial complex and to provide baseline data on the effects and harms of heavy metals on the human body by comparing their exposure levels to those of people from control regions. Methods: We measured blood lead and cadmium levels and urine mercury and chromium levels and conducted a survey among 559 residents from the affected area and 347 residents of other areas. Results: Blood lead and cadmium levels and urine mercury levels were significantly higher in the case region than among those in the control region (p=0.013, p<0.001, p<0.001, respectively). In the thermoelectric power plant area, blood cadmium and urine mercury levels were significantly higher than in the control region (p<0.001, p<0.001, respectively). In the steel mill and petrochemical industry areas, blood cadmium level was significantly higher than that in the control region (p<0.001). Dividing groups by the reference level of blood cadmium ($2{\mu}g/L$), the odds ratios between the case and control regions were 2.56 (95% CI=1.83-3.58), 3.11 (95% CI=2.06-4.71) for the thermoelectric power plant area, 1.78 (95% CI=1.19-2.65) for the steel mill area and 4.07 (95% CI=2.40-6.89) for petrochemical industry area. Conclusion: This study showed that the levels of exposure to heavy metals among residents living near a Chungcheongnam-do Province industrial complex were significantly higher than those in the control region. This seems to be attributable to exposure to heavy metals emissions from the industrial complex. Further research and safety measures are required to protect residents' health.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.211-216
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• 2015

Large hydraulic excavator weighted 90 tons used the several pumps installed in parallel to use the hydraulic pump driving gearbox to improve fuel consumption by improving the energy efficiency of the hydraulic system. Gearbox connected to hydraulic pump supply the mechanical output to the high pressure and low pressure pump to be supplied by torque and rotation, which are the mechanical power, through a input shaft connected to large size engine of the excavator. So, gearbox connected to hydraulic pump is same as main artery in the human body and is required long life because it operates the hydraulic pump continuously during operating the engine. This study had used oil contamination analysis method to check the wear characteristics of the gearbox and frequency response characteristic analysis method to check the failure of the teeth failures of gearbox, while the test equipment adopted by the electrical feedback method to reduce the energy consumption was operating for the life assessment, in which the required power was 600 kW input power.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.63 no.9
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• pp.1286-1293
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• 2014

Typically, studies through the simulation system have been progressed, because the evaluation of the driver's arousal state about the service of a actual train has risk of safety for the driver. When configured event same as the real in simulation system, the ability to cope with an accident situation may be the same each other. But the difference in the state of tension or arousal will occur. In this study, requested to cooperate with the railways in order to escape from these constraints, and the target of the experiment was to real engineer service. I was set about experiment when the train was stopped as safe as possible. As a result, the beta wave of EEG signals that representing complex calculations or anxiety is increased rapidly on the basis of a flag station from at the time of departure. The size of the electrodermal activity signal in response to movement of the body gave a noticeable. In terms of HRV, if the train approach a flag station gradually and the R-R interval is narrowed. So that the driver can be estimated as arousal state. In accordance with this study, if the quantitative standard of arousal state be based on the driver's biosignals will provide, it will be able to take advantage of development the system that would prevent train accidents caused by human error.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.138-146
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• 2010

DC railway power supply system generally uses the running rails as negative-polarity return conductor for traction load current, and the induced rail potential and stay current cause serious problems to any electrified matter in the underground and also safety problems to human body. This paper presents a new algorithm for the analysis of the rail potential and the stray current in DC railway power system operated under independent/parallel power feeding mode. The effect of load current fluctuation during train operation is also calculated by using TPS(Train Performance Simulation) program to analysis the variation of the railway potential and stray current along railway track. Simulation program is developed based on the proposed algorithm and case studies are provided.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.611-616
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• 2003

Korean ginseng(Panax Ginseng C.A. Meyer) known as a oriental miracle drug is an important medicinal plant. Ginseng has been used for geriatric, tonic, stomachic, and aphrodisiac treatments for thousands years. Also, it is an antibiotic and has therapeutic properties against stress and cancer. Ginseng is widely distributed all over the world. Among them, Korean mountain ginseng has the most valuable effect on pharmaceuticals. The roots of mountain ginseng contained several kinds of ginsenosides that have many active functions for the human body. However, the study of mountain ginseng has a limit because the mountain ginseng is very expensive and rare. So, we artificially cultured mountain ginseng adventitious roots using the bioreactor culture system. We induced callus from original mountain ginseng, directly dug up in mountain and aged about one hundred ten years. Separated adventitious roots were precultured in 500ml conical flasks and then, transferred in 20L bioreactors. The adventitious roots of mountain ginseng were harvested after culturing for 40days, dried and then, extracted with several solvents. In this study, we investigated the whitening effect, anti-wrinkle effect and the safety of tissue cultured adventitious roots extract of mountain ginseng in order to identify the merit as a cosmetic ingredient. Particularly, extract of mountain ginseng adventitious roots showed whitening and anti-wrinkle effects. The inhibitory effect of this extract on the melanogenesis was examined using B-16 melanoma cell. When B-16 melanoma cells were cultured with adventitious root extract, there was a dramatically decrease in melanin contents of 8-16 melanoma cell. And we identified this extract inhibited Dopa auto-oxidation significantly. Also, when transformed mouse fibroblast L929 cells were treated with this extract, there was a significant increase in collagen synthesis. The results show significant inhibited melanization and wrinkle without inhibiting cell viability.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.2679-2683
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• 2015

Background: Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), the most comprehensively studied aromatic isothiocyanate, has been shown to act as an anti-cancer agent mainly through modulation of biotransformation enzymes responsible for metabolizing carcinogens in the human body. Humans are often exposed to carcinogenic factors, some of which through the diet, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon benzo[a]pyrene via the consumption of over-cooked meats. Inhibition of the enzymes responsible for the bioactivation of this carcinogen, for example CYP1A1, the major enzyme required for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) bioactivation, is recognized as a chemoprevention strategy. Objective: To evaluate the inhibitory effects of PEITC against benzo[a]pyrene-induced rise in rat liver CYP1A1 mRNA and apoprotein levels. Materials and Methods: Precision cut rat liver slices were treated with benzo[a]pyrene at 1 and $5{\mu}M$ in the presence of PEITC ($1-25{\mu}M$) for 24 hours, followed by determination of CYP1A1 mRNA and apoprotein levels using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting. Results: Findings revealed that PEITC inhibited benzo[a]pyrene-induced rise in rat liver CYP1A1 mRNA in a dose-dependent manner as well as the apoprotein levels of CYP1A. Conclusions: It was demonstrated that PEITC can directly inhibit the bioactivation of benzo[a]pyrene, indicating chemopreventive potential.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.54 no.7
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• pp.41-54
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• 2004

This study purposed to apply function form content, the three concepts that have been discussed by many philosophers since ancient times, to fashion design. Specific research goals are : first, to define fashion design based on the three concepts : and second, to examine how each of the three concepts function-oriented, form-oriented and content-oriented design have been expressed in women's fashion in the $20^{th} century. For these purposes. the author considered Morris' semiotics, which is the theoretical background of the three concepts, reviewed previous researches in design area, and applied the findings to fashion design. According to the result of applying the threefold structure of semiotics. which is the theoretical background of the three concepts, the pragmatic dimension of fashion design comprehends all functional rules related to the use of dress such as body motion and protection, health and safety. air flow and durability, and its syntactic dimension comprehend all the formal elements of visual design such as the structure, shape, line, color and material of dress. The semantic dimension of fashion design includes the symbolic meanings of dress expressed by emotion, sentiment and images. The three dimensions exist interdependently with one another. According to the result of considering the characteristics of the three concepts in the scope of women's fashion in the $20^{th} century. function-oriented design is characterized by practicality and simplicity, and has been expressed as the fashion of functionalism in the 1920s, that of minimalism in the 1960s, and the basic style from 1970s to 1980s, 1990s and the present. Form-oriented design has pursued aestheticism, putting stress upon form, and has been expressed with organic shapes imitating patterns found in nature in the 1950s and with optical art fashion in the 1960s. Content-oriented design attaches importance to transmission of delicate meanings related to the mental world of human beings, and is represented with symbolic forms. Such a characteristic has been expressed in fashion in the early 20th century influenced by surrealism and, with various types of design breaking established forms as well as metaphors and humors that characterize design in the late 20th century.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.703-715
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• 2008

This experiments was performed to determine the effects of Gangzitongmaekeum(降脂通脈飮 : GTE) on antioxidation activity and hyperlipidemia induced by hypercholesterolemic diet in mice. The results obtained were as follows : 1. GTE showed a safety in cytotoxicity and toxicity of human fibroblast cells and liver. 2. GTE showed DPPH scavenging activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity and inhibitory effect on reactive oxygen species (ROS). 3. GTE treated mice showed body and liver weight decrease, compared to the hyperlipidemia-induced control group. 4. GTE decreased total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels significantly, but HDL cholesterol levels not significantly. 5. GTE decreased triglyceride levels significantly. 6. Glucose levels in GTE treated mice significantly decreased compared to the hyperlipidemia-induced control group. 7. Albumin levels in GTE treated mice were similar with the hyperlipidemia-induced control group. 8. The lipophagy in liver compared with the control group tended to be decreased in GTE treated mice. In the change of aorta, the cell was regular and boundary of vessel wall was clear, compared to the hyperlipidemia-induced control group. 9. TBARS levels in GTE treated mice significantly decreased compared to the hyperlipidemia-induced control group. 10. The change of SOD and catalase activity significantly increased compared to the hyperlipidemia-induced control group. 11. ACAT mRNA level and HMG-CoA reductase mRNA levels in GTE treated mice significantly decreased compared to the hyperlipidemia-induced control group. Conclusion : These results suggest that Gangzitongmaekeum is effective in antioxidation activity and dietary hyperlipidemia-induced mice.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.397-405
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• 2005

Noise may cause damage of the auditory system, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. However, we haven't the data enough to be available for understanding various effects of noise on the human body. The current study was prospectively designed to investigate the changes of the cardiac factors and cerebral hemodynamics following a transient exposure to noise in young people. 80 subjects (mean aged $23.45\pm2.40$ years) participated in this experiment and were exposed to excavator-noise with 90 decibels for 15 minutes using ear-phone. Cardiac factors such as heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP) and heart rate-systolic pressure product (RPP), and cerebral hemodynamics such as mean blood flow velocities (Vm), pulsatility indexes (PI), resistance indexes (RI) and mean blood flow velocities at breathing-hold (Vh) in the middle (MCA), anterior (ACA) and posterior cerebral arteries (PCA) were measured before (baseline) and during the noise-exposure. Although there were individual differences in above mentioned parameters, HR, systolic and diastolic BP, RPP, MCA-Vm, MCA-PI, MCA-RI, ACA-Vm, ACA-PI, ACA-RI, PCA-Vm, PCA-PI, and PCA-RI during the noise-exposure decreased compared with the baselines (P<0.05 or P<0.01), The findings of the present study suggest that a transient exposure to excavator-noise at rest causes changes in the cardiac factors and cerebral hemodynamics with individual differences. Further studies need to be carried out for clarifying the effects of longer exposure and combined mental activity with noise exposure.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.87-96
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• 2010

The impact speed estimation practice used in the car-bicycle accident analysis practice in Korea was mainly dependent on foreign study results which were tested with limited speed ranges and vehicle types, but the characteristics of roadway, human body, and vehicle performance were quite different. This study developed an impact speed estimation model using the car-bicycle accident field data. For this, a regression analysis was performed using the impact speed and bicycle throw distance collected from 23 real accident data, and statistical test was also conducted. For the verification of the induced model, the impact speeds derived from the model were compared with the true impact speeds estimated from skid marks of two accident cases. The result showed that the two speeds were very close to each other. It is believed that the model could be included in the car-bicycle accident analysis practice.