• Land and Housing Review
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.191-205
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• 2016

North Korea(NK) has designated the special economic zones(SEZs) since the first one in Rason. But, why have the SEZs in NK still not been developed successfully? This study comparatively evaluated the SEZs in China, Vietnam and NK, with respect to 'context/purpose', 'development/management system', and 'location/infrastructure.' NK's strategies for the SEZs were different from those of China and Vietnam in terms of historical context and development purpose. China and Vietnam chose the market opening policy aiming to reform their national economy, while NK tried the opening policy without the economic reform. This difference made NK's decentralization and location strategies marginal. In spite of the positive land system and tax benefit of NK, the strategies couldn't make a successful result. The implications of this comparative study are as follows. Firstly, NK needs to establish a strategy for the SEZs in accord with the comprehensive and long-term plan for economic development and 'trustworthy and substantial market-systems' being compatible with outside world. For that, NK has to secure the regime stability in political and diplomatic dimensions. Secondly, NK has to carry out policies of decentralization and location of the SEZs more positively. Thirdly, in order to solve the problem related to lack of infrastructure capital, NK needs to utilize a BOT scheme.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.99-106
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• 2012

Compared to Packaged Terminal Air Conditioning Systems, Radiant Cooling Systems have the advantage of energy saving and thermal comfort. Thermally Activated Building System (TABS) is one of the radiant heating and cooling systems. The main difference between TABS and other radiant systems lies in the usage of the time-lag effect of storing heat energy in the concrete. Current energy usage in summer time is concentrated within a specific time by using Packaged Terminal Air-Conditioner (PTAC). Due to the time-lag effect of TABS, energy usage can be distributed to other time zones. To maximize this effect, it is important to determine the appropriate operating mode, which for TABS is dependent upon the cooling load generated by the occupancy schedule. In this study, occupancy schedules are determined for various residential types. The operating modes of TABS for these residential types are estimated by using a dynamic computational simulation method. The results indicate that the operating modes of TABS can be determined by residential type and occupancy schedule. The load handled ratio by TABS is set up differently according to the cooling load profile obtained from residential type and occupancy schedule. By using TABS, energy consumption could be reduced by 20% compared to PTAC.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.105-114
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• 2014

Landscape zones have been designated as aesthetic old town districts across a wide range of Nakakyo-Ku and Shimokyo-Ku, city center of Kyoto, Japan. In these districts in which traditional structures and new buildings coexist, regulations of restriction on acts such as new building's heights, shapes, materials, and colors are carried out according to local governmental landscape ordinance based on Scenic Conservation Act. And yet, minimal fulfillment of the regulations according to different designer's subjective interpretation and principle of economy is rather creating abnormal shapes not harmonized with the traditional landscape. Thus, this study aims to extract combinations between form elements of middle and high rise apartment facade that affects 'harmony' and 'mismatch' in the districts by clarifying the social rules commonly implied based on intuitive judgments (sensibility evaluation) in which human experiential knowledge is involved. As research methods, the study first analyzes the form elements of the facade through a field survey, sets up a standard model through tasks of classification and segmentation and draws computer graphic images with 99 different patterns based on it. Based on these images, this study carries out sensibility evaluation and analyzes experimental data applying the rough set theory. As a result of the analysis, the combinations of form elements that affect harmony or mismatch act greatly when the colors and shapes of the pillars, positions and the patterns of the use of the first floor are combined.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.1-9
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• 2004

This study aims to provide basic data for designing aged care residential facilities in Korea, based on the investigation and analysis of the aged care residential services and their communal living areas in Australia focusing on their types, scales, arrangement and the specific design of each compartment. -. A residential building with 10 beds is composed of private zones and communal ones, and their space arrangement depends on how to arrange bedrooms where residents mainly stay. -. A lounge, 26.7 m$^2$ of its average scale, is a main space for daily lives and an important place for making friends with neighboring residents. -. A dining hall is an important area for activity as well as a space for dining. The average scales of dining room, kitchen, and whole space are 42.7 m$^2$, 28 m$^2$, and 70.8 m$^2$ respectively, and those for person are 2.7 m$^2$: 1.7 m$^2$:4.4 m$^2$, although the scales depend on facilities. -. An activity room is used for promoting the social relationship between residents and visitors. Three of the investigated facilities have big rooms of 42 m$^2$, 39 m$^2$ and 51 m$^2$. -. If there is no lavatory in a bedroom, 2-6 bathrooms for residents are arranged near bedrooms and they are relatively big including shower baths. If there is a lavatory in a bedroom, 1 toilet for visitors is arranged in a communal living area and its scale is small.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.253-259
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• 2006

Since townscape planning zones were introduced in 2000 by a revised Urban Planning Law, interest and understanding on townscape have been enhanced in Korea. Driven by this trend of the time, interest in townscape planning has been growing in the area of urban planning, and local governments have been expressing their interest in townscape management. This study is intended to provide criteria for setting goals of constructing desirable urban environments in harmony with existing condition in Chung-ju City. To this end, questionnaire surveys and awareness research were administered and following findings were obtained in relation to user-specific preferences on view targets and view points for townscape planning in Chung-ju City. In general, citizens of Chung-ju City were found to prefer townscape frequently in use practically, while residents in other areas preferred such townscape as linked with the city' s overall reputation. Both groups were found to prefer natural landscape (Gaemyeongsan, Namsan, etc.) to artificial one as a view target, and Chung-ju Terminal and the neighborhoods and downtown(Seongseo-dong) were presumably preferred as a view point.

• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2007

Virtues and advantages of urban areas would be tarnished if benefits and convenience of the cities were overwhelmed by the logics of selfish development and reckless expansion. Reckless development, which is not limited to a certain point of time and space, has become a social and environmental problem for a long period of time, taking advantage of legal and administrative loopholes. In the metropolitan area surrounding the capital, especially Yongin, where semi-agricultural zones have been developed recklessly, serious problems have already emerged including the lack of infrastructure, environmental contamination, destruction of scenic landscapes, encroachment of good farmland and forest and invitation of natural disasters. This study assumed all these problems as the consequence of the inadequacy of the legislative system and analyzed the causes. The study also suggests some countermeasures. Most of all, a "planning-first, development-later" practice should be brought into place so that various experts could participate for a detailed planning. Public development should also be expanded so that beneficial public facilities could be set up in the first place. A system for reasonable development charges should also be come up with. In this process, the role of the administrators becomes yet more important for a long-term, systematic planning of future cities, accompanied by public housing developments.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.25 no.9
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• pp.506-515
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• 2013

The PFT (PerFluorocarbon Tracergas Technique) is of advantage to field surveys for evaluating the ventilation condition, due to its simplicity and convenience. On the other hand, it requires researchers to make some additional considerations that include uncertainties, such as the substance concentration distribution in indoor air, representativeness of a sampler, deviation of emission sources, and analysis error. In this study, the PFT and $CO_2$ tracer gas methods were applied simultaneously, to evaluate the accuracy of PFT on six ventilation conditions in the three-storied detached house. The air exchange and the outdoor air introduction a between and into zones were measured. As the results, deviations of PFT concentration distributions were observed at a sufficiently low level for an accurate determination for a house where the interior height was large, and there were relatively many partition walls. However, when a uniform airflow appeared in the indoor air, it was also validated that the indoor air would be exhausted without sufficient mixing, and consequently the measurement error of the PFT would be large.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.81-92
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine the selection process of the marathon course and the progress of the related urban landscape design projects. The study revealed that the initially selected course of the downtown Namdaemum changed to the riverside course that runs around Gangnam and Han river. This change implied that showing the developed landscape of Seoul was much more considered than showing the traditional landscape of Seoul. The urban design plan had changed in 1986 after the marathon course was finalized. The development project of downtown was changed to Gangnam area including Teheran-ro. The city also redeveloped the substandard housing zones around the Olympic facilities. As a result, developed areas and modern apartments of the riverside was emphasized in international TV game broadcast. This embedded the industrialized and modernized image of Seoul to foreigners. Also, Koreans started to recognize the Han river as Seoul's representative landmark. Accordingly, Seoul succeeded in creating a modernized urban landscape image through the Olympic marathon course.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.263-285
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• 2011

Despite the process of neoliberalization has made a decisive influence on our society as a whole, there seems little interests in neoliberal urbanization and entrepreneurial urban projects promoting it. This study is to see relationships between neolibealization process and recent urbanization and urban policies in terms of entrepreneurial city mediating them. In particular, this paper tries to reconceptualize entrepreneurial city as corresponding to privatization and commodification, financialization, state redistribution, and management and manipulation of crises which Harvey(2005) suggests as four main features of neoliberalization process in general and 'accumulation by dispossession' in particular, and to characterize it in terms of 'creative destruction' and of 'entrepreneurial governance'. As examined in the later part of this paper, recent cases of these entrepreneurial urban projects in S. Korea include volatility of land and housing price in the Capital region and urban regeneration and newtown projects, project for free economic zones construction in Incheon and other 5 regions, project for SOC construction heavily relying on private investment, in particular project financing pursued nationwidely including Daegu, and project of urban cultural marketing to promote capital inflow tacitly as well as to enhance urban imagine explicitly.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.349-360
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• 2013

Recently new town development projects are increasing including more than one local government such as provincial government new town and Wirye new town. Institution improvement for the development and management of complex boundary new town is necessary because present urban development institution is based on the new town of single local government. The concept of multi-level governance provide good conceptual frame in recognizing conflict issues and searching for a collaborative solution in Wirye new town. The purpose of this study is recognizing the conflict issues in the process of development and management and providing the collaborative management method using the conceptual frame of multi-level governance in Wirye new town. For this, we did interviews for the related persons and experts, reference research and professional forum. We drew some implications from the references about urban development and similar cases such as free economic zones. The main results of this study is as in the following. First, we categorised the main conflicts in the development and management in Wirye into 4 sectors, such school, administrative service, utility facilities and urban infrastructures. Then, we analysed the conflict issues of each categories and composed a conflict-structure of Wirye new town. Second, the structure of conflict in Wirye new town is composed of the confrontations between separated management and integrated management and between wide area management and local management. Third, for the cooperative management of Wiyre, we should construct multi-level governance in three dimensions of administrative council, local government association, and special management organization.