• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.84-90
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• 2023

In this article the problem of computing floating-point reciprocal cube root functions is considered. Our new algorithms for this task decrease the number of arithmetic operations used for computing $1/{\sqrt[3]{x}}$. A new approach for selection of magic constants is presented in order to minimize the computation time for reciprocal cube roots of arguments with movable decimal point. The underlying theory enables partitioning of the base argument range x∈[1,8) into 3 segments, what in turn increases accuracy of initial function approximation and decreases the number of iterations to one. Three best algorithms were implemented and carefully tested on 32-bit microcontroller with ARM core. Their custom C implementations were favourable compared with the algorithm based on cbrtf(x) function taken from C ＜math.h＞ library on three different hardware platforms. As a result, the new fast approximation algorithm for the function $1/{\sqrt[3]{x}}$ was determined that outperforms all other algorithms in terms of computation time and cycle count.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.123-132
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• 2010

The housing market requires customized housing to be supplied according to the various characteristics of households. Multinominal Logistic Regression was used to analyze the effects of variables of household characteristics according to the number of family members on the choice of housing size in the scope of the whole country's housing market. Analysis showed that the number of family members has its own characteristics. When a household has a smaller number of family members, there are more variables affecting choice of housing size. Living and housing expenses variables served as significant variables that affect all household types. Results showed that households with more living and housing expenses are more likely to choose a large sized house and where households have a greater number of family members, there is more influence on that choice. The age of the householder was only found to be a meaningful variable in 1-2 person households and 3-4 person households, particularly in the choice of a small or large sized house. This shows that the age of the householder does not play an important role in choosing medium sized houses for households of under 4 people, but affects the choice of small and large sized houses. The academic ability of household members also served as a significant variable. While 1-2 person households with high academic ability tend to select a large sized house, 3-4 person households with high academic ability tend to select a small sized house. It is observed that members of both 1-2 person households and 3-4 person households tend to select their house between a large sized house and a small sized house in order to own their own houses. The result of this research suggests that there are various and detailed variables on the choice of housing size. Especially, a notable result is that household characteristics more significantly affect the housing size choice of 1-2 person households, while the trend of an aging society will more significantly affect a 3-4 person households' choice of a large sized house. Therefore, a study on the choice of housing size according to characteristics of elderly households and 1-2 person households should be continually analyzed.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.237-247
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effectiveness and efficiency of social security benefits to poverty alleviation. To this end, this study analyzed the poverty alleviation effect of public pension, basic pension, child-rearing allowance, disability allowance, basic living security subsidy, EITC, and other government subsidies using 2019 Household Financial Welfare Survey. The analysis results are as follows. First, social security benefits lowered the poverty rate by 6.8%p. Second, in terms of the poverty gap reduction effect, the public pension for the elderly male households, the basic pension for the elderly female householder, and the basic guarantee for the working female householder contributed the most. Finally, in terms of poverty alleviation efficiency, about 33% of social security benefits contribute to narrowing the poverty gap. Social security benefits for female heads of households were found to serve as a function of alleviating poverty gap and for male heads of households to supplement household income. Based on these results, this study suggested the discovery of various poverty states, expansion of basic security for the female elderly, and the connection between the purpose of social security benefits and key targets.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.69-77
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to explore housing cost burden of young single- or two-person households in the United States who have recently moved for job-related reasons. Total 580 households were selected from 2009 American Housing Survey public-use microdata for data analysis. The findings are as follows: (1) Targeted single-person households were characterized as younger households with higher educational attainment, lower household income, and greater proportion of renters, multifamily housing residents and households with housing cost burden than other households; (2) two-person households showed a higher income level and lower housing cost burden; (3) characteristics that showed significant influences on housing cost burden were household size, householder's age, gender, race and educational attainment, household income level and tenure type; and (4) a linear combination of household size, household income, whether or not a low-income household, residency in metropolitan area, and home structural type were found to be most efficient to predict a single- or two-person household's housing cost burden regardless of the household size.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.85-100
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to (1) identify socio-demographic, economic, village-effect variables that influence the late payment of the National Health Insurance contribution, (2) to develop the model to predict the probability of a household to make late payment of the contribution. Data is composed of information on 78,858 households, Gangnam branch, National Health Insurance Corporation, as of September 30, 2001. We analyzed the data by using multivariate logistic regressions. The major findings are as follows; (1) an older or female householder whose family consists of smaller number of members is more likely to pay the contribution late than others, (2) as for income, one who belongs to a lower income group or nm a private business tend to pay it late, (3) more attention should be paid to a householders who does not have his/her own house or automobile so as to prevent late payment, (4) lastly, those who live in villages such as Nonhyun-l-dong are less likely to pay the contribution prior to due date.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.141-151
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• 2009

According to the type of microdata, the various methods have been in use for masking microdata. Multiplicative noise is the one of popular schemes for masking continuous variables. In this paper, we introduce the method of masking based on multiplicative noise and show some results of the application on the 2006 Householder Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) data. To create the multiplicative noise factor, we used the triangular distribution. truncated triangular distribution, trapezoidal distribution, and double triangular distribution. Also, formulas for the domain estimation for the data masked by the multiplicative noise are developed.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.127-136
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• 2011

Multiplicative noise model is the one of popular method for masking continuous variables. In this paper, we propose the transformation on the variable to which random noise was multiplied. An advantage of the masking method using proposed transformation is that the masking data users can obtain the unbiased values of mean and variance of original (unmasked) data. We also consider the data utility and correlation structure of variables when we apply the proposed multiplicative noise scheme. To investigate the properties of the method of masking based on multiplicative noise, a simulation study has been conducted using the 2008 Householder Income and Expenditure Survey data.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.75-86
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• 2012

The primary purpose of this study is to prove the relationship between housing environment and mental health with depression and self-esteem in the republic of Korea. The raw data of 10,608 respondents, was gathered from the 4th wave of Korea Welfare Panel Study (KoWePS) in 2009. Some variables related to housing environment and mental health were selected in KoWePS' data. Data was analyzed by SPSS 19.0 and AMOS 17.0. The major results are as follow: 1) Householder economic variables significantly relate to housing environment and resident mental health. 2) Housing environment variables are significantly related to resident mental health, and these variables explain 4.3% of depression and 6.7% of self-esteem. 3) Throughout path analysis of economic, housing environment, and mental health variables, housing environment variable is a parameter. In conclusion, these results show that better quality of housing environment would contribute to the residents' better mental health.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.129-145
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate housing cost burden of U.S. households according to current and previous tenure types and explore influences on their housing affordability. The public-use microdata of the 2009 American Housing Survey was analyzed in the following two stages: In the first stage, households were classified into eight groups by combining their current and previous tenure types, year moved into current housing units and mortgage status of current owners and their characteristics were compared. In the second stage, the factors that influenced the housing cost burden by each combined tenure group were explored using multiple regression analyses. The findings are as follows: (1) The mortgage status was more influential than the previous housing experiences of owner households to distinguish one owner household from another. (2) Renter households who had been owners of previous housing units showed significantly different characteristics compared to continuing and new renter households in terms of income, educational attainment, and householder's marital status as well as housing costs and housing cost burdens. (3) To see the multiple regression analysis results, households with different current and previous tenure types were found to have different factors that influenced the housing cost burdens. In addition, household characteristics were found to have significant influences on housing cost burdens as strong as cost-related variables such as annual mortgage payments and rent per square footage.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.91-103
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to find the differences of household characteristics between homeowners and renters. The data was drawn from the 2002 Korean Labor and Income Panel Study and conducted by the Korea Labor Institute. 3,743 households were selected. The householder's mean age of homeowners was found to be 8 years older than those of renters, and the households in Seoul showed a higher rent ratio than those in other areas. The levels of household financial elements for homeowners were found to be higher than those of renters. Moreover, the levels of total real estate assets for homeowners were higher than those for renters, and the levels of total debt, and the debt from financial institutes were also higher than those for renters, reflecting that most Korean households may use loans from financial institutes for holding real estate assets. The results of the Chow-test showed that the group of homeowners and renters were significantly different in terms of socio-demographic and financial factors affecting the ratio of real estate assets to total asset.