• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
• /
• v.33 no.12
• /
• pp.13-18
• /
• 2017

Recently, the form of traditional families has been disintegrated due to low birthrate, aging, declining marriage, individualism, etc. In particular, the number of single households has increased due to the shift to a low-growth advanced economic structure, women's social participation, diversification of lifestyles, and so on. According to the National Statistical Office, the number of single households living alone by 2015 is estimated to be about 5,060,000 households, which is estimated to account for 34.3% of all households, which has greatly increased compared with about 660,000 (6.9%) in 1985. However, the housing market has not been able to respond to such social changes. Therefore, in this research, we presented a plan to visualize the public data of single household in Seoul city and prediction result of occupancy shape for the purpose of supporting decision making of single household consumers.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
• /
• 2009.11a
• /
• pp.146-150
• /
• 2009

Present family pattern of Korean society has been changed into nuclear family pattern based on the married couple from traditional expanded family pattern. As the entire social consciousness has been changed into private disposition, the number of independent household for 1 person has increases. Also, as the delivery age of first child became late according to the elongation of average period for the national education, the increment of average age for the first marriage and women's participation in the society, the family pattern of married couple lasts longer than used to be. Like this, considering the family formed period comprised from a household for 1 person to a household for 1married couple and senescence increase, as any response is inevitable for the requirement of residential space where 1~2 dwellers' life can be accepted economic and functionally within smaller scaled space, development and research on a plan system(flexible-typed plan) increasing the degree of freedom is required in developing plan of unit household. In the study for this, considering the change of population and social structure, I suggest the method in developing economic design responding to the differentiation, designing the change of support-system and infill-system based on the systemic comprehension about the residing environment in the family formation period and the research for main life pattern and residing environment in the family formation period in the present city life. I will set (family) composing system, develop basic and mixing typed standard model and establish the stage of applied development for the development of economic design.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.180-189
• /
• 2010

Since collective houses are started to be supplied, the housing market has been transformed from supplier to demander oriented, and various type with same area of unit households have been deigned and started to be distributed. It can be expected that such transfer phenomenon would be continuously sped-up, and unit household will be more subdivided and varied. Thus, we analysed and studied the planes with subject of unit households in national housing scale ($85m^2$) that is treated as supply standard and has biggest volume in construction by Korean housing corporation. The analysing method is investigating the area of each room within unit household, calculating their minimum, maximum, and average values, studying the efficiency of unit household plane according to the structure of each room by comparative analysis these values, and analysing changing matter by investigating any change of each room area. The analysing results of which are followings. At first, number of BAY on face is increasing. Second, allocation of each room has been vary. Third, area ratio among bedroom1, livingroom, diningroom/kitchen become similar. Fourth, the area of diningroom/kitchen become somewhat bigger. Fifth, the space for passage way is efficiently allocated. Sixth, service area is reduced, Seventh, stereotyped phenomenon Is appeared. Based on many studies so far, any improvements of unit householder in national housing scale are followings. First, in terms of forming style, unit householder in national housing scale is unfolded in various way though, the form of each room is not more than typical style. Second, it shows stereotyped phenomenon. Especially, bathroom 1, 2 show stereotyped feature in terms of their type and area across entire research years, also LDK allocation method is stereotyped, as well as stereotyped trend in bedroom 2, 3, allocation for 4 BAY type.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.33-43
• /
• 2010

The objective of this paper is to analyze expenditure structures and impact factors of household's transportation cost in order to provide policy-maker with quantitative and economic information for reducing household's transportation costs, using 1995-2007 household survey data. For this purpose, this study performed various economic analysis, including econometric regression analysis and income re-distributional effects. The four models were separately estimated with dependent variable (personal and public costs, public transit and private car costs) and independent variables (family, employ, age, education, cars, household income, region dummy variable). In addition, We analyzes impacts of transport policy instruments on the transportation expenditure. These instruments include changes of oil price and public transit fare, reform of public transport system, and extension of subway facilities. Finally, income re-distributional effects before and after transportation expenditure, using Pechman-Okner (PO) index and Wolfson index.

• Korean Journal of Labor Studies
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.1-34
• /
• 2018

This paper attempts to provide a new theoretical approach and an empirical analysis based on it to interrogate the structure of household income inequality and its changes in South Korea in the 2010s. Previous research on inequality in sociology, labor economics and feminism has focused on local inequalities which derive from specific spaces of society. For a comprehensive understanding of social inequality in totality, it requires a discussion of global inequality beyond local inequalities. Thus, a synthetic approach that integrates local inequalities, encompassing class, the labor market, population, and family. By using regression-based inequality decomposition, we decompose the contribution of gender, level of education, employment status, occupation, household composition and wealth to household income inequality. This paper shows that household and wealth, as well as the factors discussed in the previous research, are significant factors affecting household income inequality in South Korea.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.229-241
• /
• 2023

This study aims to examine the farm household income and consumption structure change as well as farm income inequality. Data from the Agricultural Household Survey for the years 2016, 2021, and 2022 were hired to analyze farm income inequality by the Gini coefficient decomposition method. Results show that from 2016 to 2021, all income quintiles exhibited an increasing trend, but in 2022, income decreased across all quintiles. As a result of analyzing farm household consumption expenditure, consumption expenditure increased in all income quintiles in 2021 and 2022 compared to 2016, but consumption of optional goods decreased in the fifth quintile. In addition, it was found that farmers in the first quartile had higher consumption expenditures and expenditures on options than those in the second quartile. The analysis of farm income by region show that public subsidies increased significantly for general rural farmers than for farmers in special and metropolitan areas in all income quintiles during the period. In the case of the first quintile, farm household income in rural areas in special and metropolitan cities increased compared to general rural areas. In the fifth quartile, agricultural income and sideline income in general rural areas increased compared to rural areas in special and metropolitan cities, while rural areas in special and metropolitan cities increased non-business income compared to rural areas. Results of farming income inequality by income type show a steady decline in inequality from 2016 to 2022, indicating that the decreasing gini coefficinet of public subsidies is contributing to the decline in farm income inequality. Private subsidies and side income are shown to increase inequality.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.44 no.1
• /
• pp.89-94
• /
• 2018

In this study, water-dispersed biocellulose nanofibers (TC) were prepared via an oxidation reaction using 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidine-N-oxy radical (TEMPO) as a catalyst. The TC retained their unique structure in water as well as in emulsion. TC adhered to the skin surface while maintaining nanofibrous structures, providing inherent functions of biocellulose, such as high tensile strength and high water-holding capacity. When gelatin gels as model skin were coated with TC, the hardness representing the elasticity was increased by 20% compared to untreated gelatin gel because TC could tightly hold the gelatin structure. When porcine skin was treated with TC and TC-contained O/W emulsion, the initial water contact angles of TC were lower than other materials, and dramatically decreased over time as water penetrated the fibrous structure of the TC film. Characterization of TC on the skin surface offered insight into the function of nanofibers on the skin, which is important for their applications with respect to fiber-cosmetics.

• Proceedings of KHEA Conference
• /
• 1997.07a
• /
• pp.103-103
• /
• 1997

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.73-84
• /
• 1981

The purpose of this study was to examine the conjugal role structure in the purchasing decision process : problem precognition, information seeking and evaluating, final decision, and actually making the purchase, through a survey of the degree of conjugal involvement. The specific objectives were 1) to examine the conjugal role structure and differences at each phase of the decision process in purchasing of residence and twelve durable household consumer goods, 2) to determine the differences between conjugal role structure in each phase of the purchasing decision process and conjugal demographic factors(number of years married, conjugal education level, conjugal occupation, and income). Questionnaires were given to randomly selected husbands and wives in /seoul I October, 1980. data from the 275 responses were analyzed by percentage, mean, and F-test(analysis of variance). The results are as follows : 1) The conjugal role structure for the purchasing decision process of residence and twelve durable household consumer goods was analyzed by percent. It was found that role structure was specialized by the type of item. for instance, furniture and home appliances were purchased by wives; amusement goods and cars were purchased by husbands' and residence was purchased by joint. However, conjugal role structure in the purchasing decision process differed by phased of process : (1) Wives involvement in the phase of problem recognition was greater than their involvement in information seeking and evaluating, but husbands' involvement a in the phase of information seeking and evaluating was slightly greater than their involvement in problem recognition. (2) Husbands' involvement in the phase of making the final decision was far greater than their involvement I information seeking and evaluating. (3) Wives' involvement in the actually making of the purchase was far greater than their involvement in making the final decision. 2) Only one among conjugal demographic factors was significantly related to conjugal role structure. That, is, conjugal role structure in the purchasing decision process showed that the wives' involvement I making the final decision and in actually making the purchase increased with number of years married.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.276-286
• /
• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors influencing osteoporosis awareness depending on the family structure in postmenopausal women aged over 50 years with osteoporosis. Methods: The study was a cross-sectional study that used secondary data. Postmenopausal women with osteoporosis aged over 50 years (n= 567) from the National Health Nutrition Survey of the 5th (2010, 2011) were selected for analysis. Data were analyzed by complex sampling design multiple regression analysis. Results: Among the patients with osteoporosis, the osteoporosis awareness was very low at 29.0%, and 32.5% for single households and 28.1% for household with spouses. There were significant differences in the factors influencing osteoporosis awareness depending on the family structure. For single household, factors that influenced osteoporosis awareness included sleeping for more than 9 hours (OR, 4.32), anxiety and depression (OR, 3.21), a history of fracture (OR, 0.29), and a family history of osteoporosis (OR, 0.29). In the household with a spouse, osteoporosis awareness was highest in women in their 60 seconds (OR, 3.45), unhealthy group (OR, 2.27), and underweight group (OR, 5.31). Other factors that influenced osteoporosis awareness included pain/discomfort (OR, 2.31), smoking (OR, 7.71), and a history of fracture (OR, 0.36). Conclusion: It is necessary to improve osteoporosis awareness for effective osteoporosis management through osteoporosis screening and counseling, and continuous osteoporosis education programs.