• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.67-76
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• 2014

The objective of this study is to estimate the economic value of official management and control for invasive insects and diseases in fruits. The direct and indirect effect of this control measure can be the changes in price of fruits and related goods, changes in export volume of domestic fruits, changes in total volume of fruit production, and reduce the risk in food safety. The contingent valuation method with the single-bounded dichotomous choice is employed to estimate each household's willingness-to-pay (WTP) to maintain official management and control measures. The total number of sample consists 2,050 respondents between the ages of 19-60 years, and the survey is conducted using Web-based survey. The estimated results for mean WTP is 5,443won per month per household. Therefore, the total economic value of official management and control on fruit in Korea is estimated to be approximately 94.4 billion won per month.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.343-355
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• 2023

Dairy processing experience tourism, that combines production, processing, and services, can be a good alternative to increase added value in Mongolian livestock industry. In addition, in order to successfully pursue this, it is necessary to first identify consumers' potential demand for the experience tourism and the factors affecting demand. Accordingly, this study estimated consumers' potential demand for dairy processing experience tourism using data from 758 people obtained through an online survey targeting Ulaanbaatar residents. As a result of the estimation, it was found that the variables that affect potential demand are the experience fees, average monthly household income, gender, age, arol consumption, and education level. The potential demand for dairy processing experience tourism was measured by multiplying the population of Ulaanbaatar by the estimated probability of accepting the experience tourism, and the total revenue was maximum at 32.303 million Tuk when the experience fee was 50,000 Tuk. The implications based on the analysis results are that, in order to promote participation in the experience tourism, it is necessary to promote it primarily to people with high average monthly household income, high level of education, younger age groups, and male. It can be said that preference is high and sufficient potential demand exists, but it is suggested that appropriate setting of experience fees is important.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.93-106
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to understand what we have learnt thus far on the sustainable consumption of natural resources by household in Korea. We propose a two-wing model designating households as the main agent of sustainable living where both the production of human resources and the consumption of natural resources take place. In the current study, we focused on the sustainability of natural resource consumption. Undertaking an empirical study, we selected 10 major journals that represent each area of human ecological research and then, identified 120 relevant studies regarding sustainability published since 2000. First, we classified 381 keywords into three categories: production, consumption, and social environment, and the identified studies were then classified in one of the seven categories created by combinations of the abovementioned three categories: production (P), consumption (C), social environment (S), production-consumption (PC), production-social environment (PS), consumption-social environment (CS), and production-consumption-social environment (PCS). The results showed that the sustainability of natural resources has been mainly investigated in the fields of clothing & textiles and food & nutrition. Further, consumer science research has been conducted in the area of consumption-social environment and consumption-production. The current study indicates that the field of human ecology has created and accumulated knowledge to support sustainable living. In the future, we need to conduct more integrated research across disciplines and methods and promote research interest in the underdeveloped area of sustainability research in human ecology.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.1053-1071
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• 2005

To find out the suppressive effect of natural extract Curcuma xanthorrhiza on $IL-1{\beta}$ and MMP-2 derived from periodontal ligament cells through in vitro study and to confirm its effect on plaque and gingivitis through clinical study, Curcuma xanthorrhiza containing toothpaste was used and following results were produced. 1. In vitro study, type IV collagenase MMP-2 production was inhibited dose-dependently in the group treated with Curcuma xanthorrhiza compared to the control group. 2. In vitro study, the production of $IL-l{\beta}$ which is one of the inflammatory mediators associated with periodontitis was inhibited dose-dependently in the group treated with Curcuma xanthorrhiza. 3. On the third week, the plaque index of the groups treated with or without Curcuma xanthorrhiza containing toothpastes were both increased significantly compared to the baseline(p<0.05). 4. On the third week, the gingival index of the group treated with Curcuma xanthorrhiza containing toothpaste was not significantly different from baseline. However, the group treated without Curcuma xanthorrhiza containing toothpaste showed a significant increase of gingival index at shielded area(p<0.05). 5. The gingival index of the group without Curcuma xanthorrhiza containing toothpaste showed a significant increase in the sites without tooth brushing when compared to sites with tooth brushing(p<0.05). However. there was no significant difference for the group with Curcuma xanthorrhiza containing toothpaste in sites either with or without tooth brushing. 6. The Bleeding on probing for the group without Curcuma xanthorrhiza containing toothpaste showed no significant difference even when tooth brushing was done. However, for the group with Curcuma xanthorrhiza containing toothpaste, bleeding on probing was significantly reduced compared to baseline when tooth brushing was done(p<0.05).

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.99 no.4
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• pp.611-617
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• 2010

The current studies aim is to analyze the production cost of walnut tree cultivation and its object was targeted at walnut tree cultivating household region 163. The analysis is as follows. Our domestic walnut tree cultivating households averagely have cultivated about 0.7ha, and planting number per ha was averagely 204, and it showed that compared to the standard planting number (100), the plantation was done close planted. The most cultivar cultivated according to regions were Chungbuk region: sangchon 65.7%, Chungnam region: kwangduk 68.6%, Jeonbuk region: sangchon 98.0%, Gyeongbuk region: daeboo 61.2%. The production cost for cultivating walnuts can be classified into the followings; management cost(4436 thousand won/ha) such as manufacturing cost(292 thousand won/ha), intermediate material cost(3682 thousand won/ha), rent(103 thousand won/ha), employment cost(653 thousand won/ha) etc, and self-serviced expenses such as self-laboring cost(5,834 thousand won/ha), land security cost(490 thousand won/ha), fixed capital cost(834 thousand won/ha), circulating capital cost(234 thousand won/ha) etc. 11,820 thousand won were invested for the production cost of walnut and it made 11,586 thousand won/ha(rate of investment 72.3%) profit, and the net income was 4,196 thousand won/ha(net income rate 26.2%), showing high amount of income. The manufactured walnuts were marketed in Nong-hyup 39.8%, wholesalers 20.8%, dealers 19.8% and recently, as the amount of goods marketed directly to consumers themselves have increased, the income has reached up to 18.9%. At the basis of making most of idle soil, walnut tree's cultivated regions are fairly small, and due to the characteristics of sideline management, it has its limits in searching for production policy locally and promotion strategy of industries. Therefore, if the basic database can be established, subjected only to full-time cultivating households, then not only would the differences between the imported walnuts be reinforced, it would also be possible to transfer into the new and improved distribution system. Furthermore, through establishment of the database, it can be anticipated that it would contribute greatly in the increase of the household income.

• New & Renewable Energy
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.21-30
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• 2008

Anaerobic digestion (AD) is the most promising method of treating and recycling of different organic wastes, such as OFMSW, household wastes, animal manure, agro-industrial wastes, industrial organic wastes and sewage sludge. During AD, i.e. degradation in the absence of oxygen, organic material is decomposed by anaerobes forming degestates such as an excellent fertilizer and biogas, a mixture of carbon dioxide and methane. AD has been one of the leading technologies that can make a large contribution to producing renewable energy and to reducing $CO_2$ and other GHG emission, it is becoming a key method for both waste treatment and recovery of a renewable fuel and other valuable co-products. A classification of the basic AD technologies for the production of biogas can be made according to the dry matter of biowaste and digestion temperature, which divide the AD process in wet and dry, mesophilic and thermophilic. The biogas produced from AD plant can be utilized as an alternative energy source, for lighting and cooking in case of small-scale, for CHP and vehicle fuel or fuel in industrials in case of large-scale. This paper provides an overview of the status of biogas production and utilization technologies.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.19-29
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• 1994

The annual income (gross margin) in 1989/90 of a sample of 274 farmers in seven milk cooperatives was analyzed in the sugar cane, cassava, and horticulture areas in East Java. On average dairying contributed 42%, crops 29% and off-farm revenue 29%. Dairy income was highest in the cassava area, where it compensated for the low crop income, and lowest in the sugar cane area. Farm area and average milk yield per day per cow correlated positively with farmer's income, whereas crop income increase significantly with farm area and with the number of cows. The level of total cost per cow had a negative impact on dairy and with the number of cows. The level of total cost per cow had a negative impact on dairy and on total income. Government officials and other professionals engaged in dairying had a significantly higher total income than those with their main occupation in dairying, cropping or working as farm labourers. Uneducated farmers obtained a significantly larger income through crops, whereas farmers with tertiary education obtained more income through off-farm work, This study suggests that more attention must be paid to the actual use of labour and the improvement of the dairy output/cost ratio.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.202-205
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• 2008

Anaerobic digestion(AD) is the most promising method of treating and recycling of different organic wastes, such as OFMSW, household wastes, animal manure, agro-industrial wastes, industrial organic wastes and sewage sludge. During AD, i.e. degradation in the absence of oxygen, organic material is decomposed by anaerobes forming degestates such as an excellent fertilizer and biogas, a mixture of carbon dioxide and methane. AD has been one of the leading technologies that can make a large contribution to producing renewable energy and to reducing $CO_2$ and other GHG emission, it is becoming a key method for both waste treatment and recovery of a renewable fuel and other valuable co-products. A classification of the basic AD technologies for the production of biogas can be made according to the dry matter of biowaste and digestion temperature, which divide the AD process in wet and dry, mesophilic and thermophilic. The biogas produced from AD plant can be utilized as an alternative energy source, for lighting and cooking in case of small-scale, for CHP and vehicle fuel or fuel in industrials in case of large-scale. This paper provides an overview of the status of biogas production and utilization technologies.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.1629-1639
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• 2016

This study is to estimate the production efficiency of abalone aquaculture and to find its determinants utilizing the survey data of operating expenses in 2015. The first part of the analysis applied both DEA and Super-DEA for the estimation of efficiency of each aquaculture household as DMU. We used wages, feeding costs and area as inputs and annual profits and sales as outputs of the model. The second part of the study applied both Tobit and OLS for the identification of determinants of the efficiency. We investigated cost-ratio, depreciation costs, careers, value of living seeds, cleaning costs of farming ground and a ratio of 1 and 2 year-old abalone at shipment as potential determinants. The estimation results show us that the average technical efficiency, pure technical efficiency, and scale efficiency score turn out to be 72%, 81% and 85% respectively. The Super-BCC and Super-CCR models reveal their average efficiency scores as 81% and 80%. All of the variables used to identify the determinants of the efficiency. The study results suggests that the production efficiency can be improved by cleaning farming ground and hence lowering the death rate of seeds.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.168-181
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• 2004

This research on the present state of production and circulation of boseong-sambae, based on the materials, has been collected and arranged through the survey for one you, 2003. Boseong-sambae, the hemp fabric produced at Boseong, hold 35% of nationwide production volume and 50% of circulation volume. The products of hemp include hemp fabrics, shroud, contemporary Korean dresses and other household articles. Dried hemp skin, hemp thread and hemp fabrics are traded at the fair held in every five days, mostly by direct transactions which is trusted between the producers and consumers. A bolt of boseong-sambae includes 20 ja(a Korean foot, 60cm in length) of hemp fabrics in breadth of 35cm. The price of a bolt is approximately 2∼3 hundred thousand won. They are endeavoring to revive hemp fabric that the image was lost due to the cheap and coarse fabrics woven with Chinese thread since the latter half of 1990's. The advanced countries have invested positively in this business because hemp is an environment friendly material. Thus, a strong national support is demanded in this field facing a crisis due to the inundating of coarse hemp products from China, and the aging problem of the initiate, the reason of the discontinuation of the inherited technique. Through this research understanding tire present station and the problem of hemp production, the future research will be followed expecting the Renaissance of the Korean traditional hemp fabrics.