• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권12호
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• pp.178-184
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• 2022

Renewable energy sources based on solar radiation, wind energy, geothermal energy, and biomass energy have now reached the level of industrial application. A new way to generate electricity using low-potential heat is to install a hydro-steam turbine. In hydro-steam turbines, hot water is supplied directly to turbine rotor nozzles without prior separation into steam and water in separators, which significantly increases the efficiency of hot water energy use. Such turbines are suggested to be used as autonomous energy sources in geothermal heating systems, heating water boilers and cooling systems of chemical reactors, metallurgical furnaces, etc. The authors conclude that the installation of hydro-steam turbines in heating plants and process boiler plants can also be effective if the used exhaust steam-water mixture at the turbine outlet is used to heat the network water or as return water.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.109-115
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• 2002

Mycelial growth of L. edodes by pretreatments of softwood was studied on a sawdust medium. The sawdust used was from the following softwood species : Larix leptolepis, Pinus densiflora and Pinus koraiensis. The pretreatment consisted of cold-water (48 h), hot-water (3 h) and steam extractions (3 h) at a ratio of 500 g : 3,000 mL (sawdust : distilled water). The sawdust medium was a mixture of 76% sawdust, 20% rice bran, 3% glucose, 0.4% potassium nitrate and 0.6% calcium carbonate. Following sawdust pretreatments proved most suitable : L. leptolepis (steam extraction), P. densiflora (hot-water extraction) and P. koraiensis (hot-water extraction). Mycelial growth on P. koraiensis sawdust increased in proportion to an increase in hot-water extraction time. Mycelial growth was optimum on the sawdust extracted for 12 hours, hot-water extraction beyond this period proved unsuitable. With the exception of P. densiflora at 100 ㎍/mL, antifungal activity occurred in every sample. Maximum inhibition of mycelial growth was obtained from following concentration of hot-water extractives : P. densiflora (10⁴ ㎍/mL) and P. koraiensis (10⁴ ㎍/mL). This study has provided useful preliminary information for the cultivation of L. edodes.

• 대한설비공학회지:설비저널
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.21-30
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• 1985

One of the problems with the Boiling Water Reactor involves the flow and thermal mixings in the suppression water pool high pressure steam discharge into the pool in case of emergency core relief. Varioos heat sensitive devices and pumps for the reactor core cooling are installed in the middle of the suppression pool. Especially the pumps utilize pool water in order to cool the reactor core in emergency cases. In this case, the water temperature for the reactor cool ins should be below a certain temperature specified by the reactor design. In the present investigation, in other to determine the optimum locations of these pumping devices, numerical solutions have been obtained for the model to determine the f low mixing characteristics. Experimental investigations have also been carried out for the flow mixing and for the thermal mixing in the pool during the discharge. Considering that the discharge steam through the Quenching Device becomes hot water immediately in the water pool, the steam- equivalent hot water has been utilized. Examining these characteristices, it becomes possible to deform me the best locations for RCIC, LPCI , HPCI pumps in the suppression water pool for the emermency reactor core cooling.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.7736-7744
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• 2015

막대한 산업용 에너지가 폐열로 버려지는 상황에서 폐열, 특히 저온 폐열의 효과적인 이용은 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 $160^{\circ}C$의 고온 열원과 $17^{\circ}C$ 저온 하수열을 사용하여 $50^{\circ}C$의 온수를 $70^{\circ}C$로 승온시키며 성적계수는 1.6을 만족하는 2중 효용 2단 흡수식 히트펌프 사이클을 고안하였다. 제 1 재생기에서 증발한 냉매 증기는 제 1 응축기에서 응축하면서 제 2 재생기에서 다시 냉매를 발생시킨다. 이 냉매는 제 2 응축기를 거쳐 제 2 증발기에 모아진다. 이 냉매의 일부는 제 1 증발기로 이동하여 저온 열원을 받아들이고 제 1 흡수기를 거쳐 제 2 증발기에 공급된다. 제 2 증발기를 나온 냉매는 제 2 흡수기에서 용액에 흡수된다. 이 때 온수의 온도는 제 2 응축기와 제 2 흡수기에서 승온된다. 시행착오를 통하여 승온 $20^{\circ}C$, 성적계수 1.6을 만족시키는 유량과 열교환기의 UA 값을 도출하였다. 성적계수는 고온수의 온도가 증가할수록, 온수의 온도가 감소하고 유량이 증가할수록, 폐온수의 온도와 유량이 증가할수록, 용액 순환량이 감소할수록 증가한다. 반면 온수의 승온온도는 고온수의 온도가 증가할수록, 온수의 온도가 증가하고 유량이 감소할수록, 폐온수의 온도와 유량이 증가할수록, 용액 순환량이 증가할수록 증가한다. 또한, 열교환기의 UA 값이 증가할수록 성적계수 및 온수 승온 온도도 증가한다.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.179-182
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• 2003

Anaerobic fermentation was attempted to produce methane from the wood chip (Eucalyptus globulus). By the pretreatment of the wood chip using hot water with high temperature, NaOH, and steam explosion, the production of methane gas was enhanced. The pretreatment using Steam explosion resulted in more amount of methane gas produced than the treatment using either hot water or 1% (w/w) NaOH with high temperature, and the steam explosion at a steam pressure of 25 atm and a steaming time of 3 min was the most effective for the methane production. The amount of methane gas produced depended on the ratio of weight of Klason lignin, a high molecular weight lignin, in the treated wood chip.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.187-197
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• 1996

A computer program for thermal design analysis has been developed to predict the operating characteristics and performance of an absorption heat pump to recover $30{\sim}40^{\circ}C$ of waste hot water. The effects of heat transfer area of the system components, temperature and mass flow rate of heat transfer medium, and solution circulation rate on the system performance are investigated in detail. The results obtained indicate that the COP is increased with a decrease in the temperature of driving steam and with an increase in the temperature of waste hot water while the COP is little affected by the variation of a hot water temperature. It is also found that the heating output is increased with an increase in the temperature of waste hot water and driving steam as well as with a decrease in the temperature of hot water. The simulation results are also compared with the experimental results for a periodic operation of the system and obtained a satisfactory agreement.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.355-367
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• 2017

In India, the current operation of condenser cooling system & effluent disposal system in existing power plants aims to reduce drawal of seawater and to achieve Zero Liquid Discharge to meet the demands of statutory requirements, water scarcity and ecological system. Particularly in the Steam-Electric power plants, condenser cooling system adopts Once through cooling (OTC) system which requires more drawal of seawater and effluent disposal system adopts sea outfall system which discharges hot water into sea. This paper presents an overview of closed-loop technology for condenser cooling system and to achieve Zero Liquid Discharge plant in Steam-Electric power plants making it lesser drawal of seawater and complete elimination of hot water discharges into sea. The closed-loop technology for condenser cooling system reduces the drawal of seawater by 92% and Zero Liquid Discharge plant eliminates the hot water discharges into sea by 100%. Further, the proposed modification generates revenue out of selling potable water and ZLD free flowing solids at INR 81,97,20,000 per annum (considering INR 60/Cu.m, 330 days/year and 90% availability) and INR 23,760 per annum (considering INR 100/Ton, 330 days/year and 90% availability) respectively. This proposed modification costs INR 870,00,00,000 with payback period of less than 11 years. The conventional technology can be replaced with this proposed technique in the existing and upcoming power plants.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2008년도 제39회 하계학술대회
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• pp.1667-1668
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• 2008

There are three main devices such as boiler producing steam, turbine driving generator and generator producing electricity. An electrical generator in power plant is driven and maintained its speed at rated by steam turbine which is coupled into generator directly. Turbine auxiliary devices such as condenser, deaerator, feed water heater, gland steam condenser, pump recirculation equipment, feed water pump, and so on should be operated well so that the steam turbine exert its maximum efficiency. There are many control loop such as hot well level and condenser recirculation, deaerator level, pegging steam pressure, feed water heater level, feed water pump recirculation. In this paper condenser level control and deaerator level control are going to be described.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.30-36
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• 1993

Wood chips of oak (Quercus mongolica) and larch (Larix leptolepis) were treated with a relatively low pressure steam(10~20 kg/$cm^2$) for 10~20 min (first-stage),and then increased pressure up to 30kg/$cm^2$ for 30 second (second-stage), and steam pressure was released intentionally to air. Main components of exploded wood were separated with 1% NaOH and hot water-methanol. In this work, the more effective low pressure explosion condition and separation method of wood main component were investigated. The results can be summarized as follows; 1. The yields of exploded wood were generally decreased with increasing steam pressure and reaction time. 2. The proper condition of steam explosion in low pressure for the separation of wood main components was 15kg/$cm^2$-10 min, in oak wood and 20kg/$cm^2$-10 min., then 30kg/$cm^2$-0.5 min, in larch wood. 3. The 23% of elude hemicellulose was obtained from the exploded oak wood which was treated with optimal condition. 4. In the case of hot water-methanol extraction, the ratio of delignification was 14~23% in the exploded larch wood and 42~55% in the exploded oak wood. 5. The methanol was more effective than 1% sodium hydroxide solution for extraction of lignin from exploded wood.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.412-417
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• 2015

증포 처리가 삼채 뿌리의 품질 특성 및 항산화 활성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 증포 처리한 삼채 뿌리는 생 삼채 뿌리보다 황 함량이 각각 2.0배와 2.1배 감소하였다. pH와 총당은 증포 처리에 의해 감소하였으나 적정산도와 갈변도는 증가하였다. 색도의 경우 L과 b 값은 감소하였으나 a 값은 증가하였다. 열수 추출물의 항산화 활성은 증포 4회가 DPPH radical assay, ABTS radical assay 및 reducing power에서 $EC_{50}$ 값이 각각 0.44 mg/mL, 9.01 mg/mL 및 0.48 mg/mL로 가장 낮게 나타났으나 TPC($34.47{\mu}g/mg$)와 갈변도(2.05 at 280 nm와 0.20 at 420 nm)는 가장 높게 나타났다. 이들 성분과 각 항산화 활성에 대한 $EC_{50}$ 값의 $R^2$는 0.87 이상의 높은 값을 나타내었다. 결과적으로 증포 처리는 삼채 뿌리의 항산화 활성을 증가시키는 데 효과적인 가공 방법으로 판단된다.