• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.45-58
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• 2007

This study explored the impact of couple interaction behaviors on the relationship between economic stress and marital instability. The study results showed that economic satisfaction and economic pressure greatly influenced the marital instability of married males and females. However, the interaction behaviors of couples tended to have a stronger impact on marital instability than economic stress. In other words, perceived spouse support and perceived spouse hostility had a significant impact on marital instability, with perceived spouse hostility being the more damaging of the two. The study also showed that there were sender differences regarding the impact of couple interaction behaviors on marital instability and economic stress. For married males, economic satisfaction as well as couple interactions influenced significantly on their marital instability. For females the impact of couple interactions on their marital instability tended to be more salient. On the whole, the results of the interaction effects between economic stress and couple interaction behaviors on marital instability did not appear significant, except in the case of females' perceived spouse hostility and its effect on marital instability.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.39-49
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• 2017

Religious intolerance has become a common feature of many countries in recent times. Studies have revealed a worldwide increase in government regulations and social hostilities against religious beliefs and practices. The stifling impact of both government and society on the market for religion, warrants closer scrutiny. This study examines the relationship between government regulations and social hostilities towards religious beliefs and practices, for the period of 2001-2011 for a sample of 45 European countries. The Generalized Method of Moments dynamic panel estimation technique is employed to analyze the micro panel dataset of 45 European countries, to establish the possible relationships that may exist between these variables. The theoretical framework for this study is based on the Religious Economies Theory and the Supply Side Theory of Religion. The results of this study show evidence of the positive relationship between government regulations and social hostility. Interestingly, the study also revealed that the impact of social hostility on the level of government restrictions is smaller in magnitude compared to the reverse impact of government restrictions on social hostilities, indicating the dangerous role played by governments in inciting social hostilities, when they regulate or restrict religious beliefs and practices.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.210-215
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• 2018

Background: The aims of this study were to determine the extent of workplace bullying perceptions among the employees of a Faculty of Medicine, evaluating the variables considered to be associated, and determining the effect of workplace bullying perceptions on their psychological symptoms evaluated by the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed involving 355 (88.75%) employees. Results: Levels of perceived workplace bullying were found to increase with the increasing scores for BSI and BSI sub-dimensions of anxiety, depression, negative self, somatization, and hostility (all p < 0.001). One point increase in the workplace bullying perception score was associated with a 0.47 point increase in psychological symptoms evaluated by BSI. Moreover, the workplace bullying perception scores were most strongly affected by the scores of anxiety, negative self, depression, hostility, and somatization (all p < 0.05). Conclusion: The present results revealed that young individuals, divorced individuals, faculty members, and individuals with a chronic disease had the greatest workplace bullying perceptions with our study population. Additionally, the BSI, anxiety, depression, negative self, somatization, and hostility scores of the individuals with high levels of workplace bullying perceptions were also high.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.463-473
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• 2019

본 연구는 한국과 일본 간의 축구 경기와 반일 반한 감정의 관계를 실증적으로 조사 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 2017 동아시안컵 축구대회를 중계하고 SNS 코멘트를 남길 수 있었던 한국의 네이버와 일본의 5CH로부터 2,400개의 관련 코멘트를 수집하고 분석하였다. 수집된 코멘트에 대한 빈도 분석 및 일원분산분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 한국은 대 일본전에서 상대국에 대한 적대적 감정이 상대적으로 강하게 관찰되었으며 경기 전 후 모두 동일한 양상을 보였다. 일본은 대 한국전에서 자국 팀에 대한 적대적 감정이 상대적으로 강하게 관찰되었으며 경기 전 후 모두 동일한 현상을 보였다. 둘째, 한국은 다른 국가보다 일본을 상대할 때, 상대국에 대한 적대적 감정이 더욱 강했으며. 일본의 경우, 한국을 상대할 때 자국 팀에 대한 적대적 감정이 더욱 강하였다. 이상의 결과를 통해 한국과 일본 간의 축구 경기는 반일 반한 감정의 유형과 강도에 영향을 미친다기보다는 이를 직접적으로 표출할 수 있는 계기를 제시한다는 결론을 내릴 수 있었다. 기존의 반일 반한 감정에 관한 연구들이 고찰 등의 질적 연구 방법을 주로 사용한 반면, 본 연구는 이를 실증적인 방법을 통해 조사 분석했다는 데 큰 학문적 의의가 있다.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.103-115
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• 2005

This study utilized data (a sample of 18,553 people born in 1958 in England, Scotland, and Wales) from the National Child Development Study of 1968 and 1991 to explore the influence of familial difficulties on the internalizing behavioral patterns during the early adolescent period and late life outcomes periods. In this paper, internalizing behavioral problems include 'depression', 'anxiety', 'hostility to adults', 'hostility to children', and 'withdrawal'. Late outcomes were analyzed in two different variables and one marital management domain: 'unemployment', 'seen doctors about emotional problems', 'divorce or separation; never lived as a couple; arguments end in violent behavior' The results indicate that young adolescents who had experienced familial difficulties also have internalizing behavioral problems giving them emotional and behavioral instability. The findings also show that familial difficulties during childhood positively contribute to late life outcomes such as unemployment, emotional problems, and marital management. This study suggests that in order to effectively respond to the needs of children and adolescents who have experienced various familial difficulties, counselors and educators must guide parents.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.780-793
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• 1966

A study was made of influence of grandmother on the child's porsonality development. Behavior of randomly sampled 144 kindergarten children aged 5-6: 36 boys and 36 girls who came from general households were comparatively observed and rated by kindergartners who were able to correctly identify the children. Addition to this, interviews were conducted with their grandmothers by the auther. Rating scale used for behavior observations was consisted of 8 traits of personality: independency, dominance, co-operativeness, tolerance, responsibility, needs of achievement, agressiveness, and hostility. The scale for interviews was consisted of 3 domains of grandmothers attitude toward grandchildren; support, over control, and submissiveness. Both scales were carefully constructed and the validity of them were tested. The following results and conclusings were emerged from the study. 1. A moderate and statistically siggnificant relationships were found between the presence of grandmother and decline of dominance, tolerance, and needs of achievement of the boy and needs of achievement of the girl. Hostility of the girl increased by the presence of grandmother. 2. It was showed that most grandmothers inclined to support and submit to grandsons. 3. High negative correlations were obtained between anxiety of grandchildren and independency, cooperativeness, and needs of achievement of them.

• 산업융합연구
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2014

This thesis is to analyse the correlations between parent's raising attitude and children' personal character. The way their parents raised them is divided 4 ways-devotion, hostility, autonomy and regulations. Children' personal characters are composed of Self-esteem and Self-regulation. In order to do this study first, I Set up a hypothesis. Second, I surveyed the result from the questionnaire to verify it on the basis of the data on the 442 elementary student in the fifth and sixth grade who live in the Ansan-City. Third, I used the SPSS program. Based on the result of the research, the hypothesis is proved as follows: The result from strong devotion and autonomy show high Self-esteem and Self-regulation, but those from strong hostility and regulation show low Self-esteem and Self-regulation.

• 아동학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.58-71
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• 1990

The purpose of the study was to investigate the mother-child interactions in terms of maternal child- rearing behavior, maternal self-esteem, and their school-age children's self-esteem. The subjects were, all living in the Seoul area. A pre-test was conducted twice on 98 subjects. Each time the values of Chronbach's ${\alpha}$ were obtained on maternal behavior, maternal self-esteem and children's self-esteem. Data analysis was by ANOVA, Pearson's product-moment correlation. multiple regression analysis. Chronbach's ${\alpha}$, and factor analysis. Children's self-esteem was positively related (1) to family background factors:educational level, employment status of mothers, social economic status, and number of siblings (2) to maternal self-esteem and (3) to maternal child-rearing behavior in the dimensions of affection, acceptance, and encouragement of independency. Children's self-esteem was negatively related to maternal child-rearing behavior in the dimensions of hostility, rejection and encouragement of dependency. The relative importance of independent variables on children's self-esteem was found to be in the following order:mother's educational level. social economic status, and number of siblings (${\beta}=0.5935$, p< .001), maternal child-rearing behavior in the affection-hostility dimension (${\beta}=0.0849$, p< .001), and in the acceptance-rejection dimension(${\beta}=0.0365$, p< .05). The regression model showed that 25 percent of the children's self-esteem could be accounted for by family background factors. and maternal child-rearing behavior in the affection-hostility dimension and the acceptance-rejection dimension ($R^2=0.25$).

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.155-166
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• 2011

본 연구는 예능프로그램을 시청한 후 색채프로그램을 실시한 실험집단과 실시하지 않은 통제집단의 심리상태(강박증, 불안 및 적대감)에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 확인하기 위해 실시하였으며, 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 색채프로그램에 참여한 실험집단의 심리상태(강박증, 불안 및 적대감)는 사전 검사치보다 사후 검사치 모두 95% 통계수준에서 유의적으로 낮아졌으나 통제집단을 그런 변화가 나타나지 않았다. 둘째, 예능프로그램을 시청한 후 색채프로그램을 참여한 대학생들의 색채표현에서 빨강색과 파랑색의 지각이 폭넓게 나타났다. 이러한 변화는 흰색의 이성과 검정의 억압에서 현재 해야 할 일에 대한 책임감을 갖는 변화과정이라고 해석할 수 있었다. 결론적으로, 예능프로그램을 시청한 대학생들의 심리상태에 긍정적인 영향을 줄 수 있도록 다양한 색채 프로그램을 교육과정에 도입하는 것은 의미 있다고 본다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.2543-2547
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 조별과제 시 발생할 수 있는 무임승차자, 학생들 간의 갈등, 학생들 간의 적대감 형성 문제를 해결하기 위하여 직무배정을 통한 조별과제 수행방법을 제안한다. 특히, 직무배정을 통한 과제 수행이 조별과제에 대한 동료평가 시 발생하는 역효과를 개선할 수 있는지 고찰한다. 본 연구에서는 공학교육의 설계 교과목에서 학습자를 한 조당 일곱 명으로 구성하고, 조원 별로 각각 상이한 직무를 부여하여 한 학기 간 과제를 진행하였다. 결과적으로 변화된 조별과제 수행방법이 무임승차자, 학생들 간의 갈등, 학생들 간의 적대감 형성 문제에 미치는 영향을 학생들의 평가를 통해 고찰한다. 본 연구에서 제시한 직무배정을 통한 조별과제 수행 방법은 무임승차자 문제의 해결에 효과가 있었으며, 특히 동료평가 방법을 적용한 경우와 대비하여 학생들 간의 갈등 발생을 줄이고, 적대감 형성을 예방하는 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 논문에서 제시한 조별과제 수행방법을 교육과정의 조별과제 수행 시 적용하면 과제 수행 과정의 효율성을 높일 수 있을 것이다.