• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.80-90
• /
• 1982

This study was undertaken to determine the influence of a chronic disease on body image, and to show that body image is directly related to one's self concept. Body image is the concept of one's own body based on present and past perception, and is elated to one's self concept. Body image is a dynamic concept constantly changing throughout the life cycle but it changes greatly in illness, surgery, and accident. The child with a chronic disease experiences pain and immobilization due to illness and he/she experiences a strange environment in the hospital. illness often brings feeling of frustration and loss of self-esteem. Therefore this study was done to compare the body image of a child with a chronic disease（Asthma), with that of a normal healthy child, and to determine the relationship between the body image and self concept. The subjects in this study were 36 children being treated for asthma at the allergy clinic of Y University Hospital in Seoul (patient group) and 44 children attending elementary school in Kwanak Ku Seoul (normal healthy group). For the measurement of the body image, the researcher used Secord & Jourard's Body Cathexis Scale, and another scale which was constructed after reading about Osgood's Semantic Differential Method. For the measurement of the self concept, the researcher used Jacox & Stewart's Health Self Concept. The period for data collection was from October 7th to October 27th, 1982. The analysis of data was done by use of Percentage, t-test, Chi-square test, Pearson Correlation Coefficient and ANOVA, The results of the study were as follows: 1. The first hypothesis,“That the chronically ill (Asthma) child will have a more negative body image than the normal healthy child.”was supported. 2. The second hypothesis,“The more negative the body image, the lower the self concept.”was also supported. 3. The researcher failed to obtain statistically significant results in the analysis of the general characteristics which affect the body image except in the case of the older child as compare to the younger Child having a mole positive body image (r=.2751, r=.2481, p<.05). However it was found that, 1) Boy's have a more positive body image than girls (Mean=〔37.81, 141.09〕,〔37.00, 126.54〕), 2) The child who has been hospitalized has a more negative body image than the child who has never been hospitalized (Mean=〔33.25, 122.45〕,〔35.68, 129.93〕). 3) The younger the child when the disease is discovered and diagnosed, the more negative the body image (Onset of illness: Mean=〔31.44, 117.33〕,〔34.00, 103.50〕, 〔35.75, 140.38〕,〔36.33, 130.00〕, Time of Diagnosis: Mean=〔29.00, 117.33〕,〔33.89, 115.00〕,〔33.36, 124.93〕,〔37.10, 139. 20〕). In conclusion the chronically ill(.Asthma) child has a more negative body image than the normal healthy child, and the more negative the body image the lower the self concept. Therefore the concept of body image is useful in understanding the influences of chronic disease on body' image and self concept.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.46 no.4
• /
• pp.534-541
• /
• 2016

Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify the effect of an observation window (OW) at peripheral intravenous (IV) catheter sites on early detection of IV infiltration among hospitalized children. Methods: This was a retrospective observational study with history control group design. Participants were children who had IV infiltration after peripheral catheterization when hospitalized from January to May, 2014 and January to May, 2015 at a children's hospital located in Yangsan city, Korea. The 193 patients, who were hospitalized from January to May, 2014 formed the control group and did not have OW, and the 167 patients, who were hospitalized from January to May, 2015 formed the window group and had OW. Data were analyzed using ${\chi}^2$-test, independent samples t-test and multiple logistic regression. Results: First stage IV infiltration was 39.5% for the window group and 25.9% for the control group, which was significantly different (p=.007). The likelihood of $2^{nd}$ stage and above IV infiltration decreased by 44% in the window group, which was significantly different (p=.014). Conclusion: OW at the peripheral IV catheter site was found to be an effective measure in early recognition of IV infiltration. Considering the effect of OW, we recommend that nurses should make an OW with transparent dressing during stabilization of the IV catheter site in hospitalized children in clinical settings.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.135-144
• /
• 2018

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to identify the differences of demographic and clinical characteristics between child-adolescents who received medical inpatient care and non-hospitalized adolescents after suicide attempts. Methods : The study included 35 child-adolescents who were hospitalized (Admission group) and 114 child-adolescents who were not hospitalized (Non-Admission group) as a result of a suicide attempt from 2009 to 2015. We compared sociodemographic, clinical, and suicide attempt-related characteristics through a chi-square test and logistic regression analysis to evaluate the differences between the two groups. Results : Child-adolescents of this study most commonly attempted suicide by poisoning, and for motivation of interpersonal problems. Admission group had significantly fewer attempts through injury by sharp objects (${\chi}^2=4.374$, p=0.037) and attempted suicide with a higher chance of actually dying when compared to Risk-Rescue Rating Scale (t=1.981, p=0.049). In addition, Admission group had relatively common motivation for academic problems (${\chi}^2=12.082$, p=0.001) and less motivation for interpersonal difficulties. (${\chi}^2=9.869$, p=0.002) Psychiatric diagnosis at the time of visiting the emergency department showed higher rates of depression in the admission group than Non-Admission group (${\chi}^2=8.649$, p=0.003). The results of logistic regression showed that depression affects hospitalization (OR=2.783, 95% CI 1.092-7.089, p=0.032). Conclusions : This study is meaningful in that it revealed the social and clinical characteristics of all child-adolescents who were hospitalized at a university hospital after attempting suicide. This study identified differences in motivation, methods, and psychiatric diagnosis of hospitalized adolescents and those who were not. Therefore, the results may help adolescent suicide attempters to get a discriminatory approach based on their admission.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.94-100
• /
• 2005

Background: Although trauma has been the major cause of death in korea, there are few reports describing the epidemiologic characteristics of trauma victims according to age-group. Thus, this study aimed to describe the epidemiologic characteristics of trauma victims visiting an urban emergency medical center in Korea. Method: This study was conducted with all trauma victims who visited the emergency departments of Asan Medical Center from April 11, 2005 to May 10, 2005. After the subjects were divided into three groups such as child (${\leq}14$ years old), adult(15-64 years old) and elderly(${\geq}65$ years old), the prehospital courses, injury mechanisms, injury severities and clinical results were compared. Result: Among total 5,927 patients who visited the emergency medical center, 896(15.1%) patients were trauma victims. Although child under the age of 15 comprised 28.7% of the total trauma victims, less severe injuries(injury severity score < 9) accounted for 97.7% of the cases. The hospitalization rate for injury among child was 21.5%. however, although elderly aged 65 comprised only 5.9% of the total trauma victims, more severe injuries(injury severity score ${\geq}9$) accounted for 30.2% of the cases. The hospitalization rate for injury among elderly was 56.4%. Conclusion: Patterns of injury and clinical results by age-group were considerably different. less severe and non-hospitalized injuries were more common in child than other age-groups. while severe and hospitalized injuries were common in elderly.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.127-131
• /
• 2019

Many neurologic disorders manifest as psychiatric symptoms. Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptor encephalitis is an autoimmune disease of the brain characterized by numerous neurological and psychiatric features. Despite being rare, its prevalence is rapidly increasing and early management is critical in ensuring successful and sustainable recovery. Therefore, the illness should be considered as a differential diagnosis when clinically assessing patients. This report presents a case of a female child who was hospitalized for acute psychiatric manifestations, which was later confirmed as anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis. She recovered relatively successfully after combined neurological and psychiatric treatment. This report provides information on the clinical course of early onset anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis, including treatment strategy and prognosis.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.119-130
• /
• 2009

Purpose: This study was designed to examine the effects of Therapeutic Play Program on the pre-operative anxiety of the preschoolers. The design of this study is a quasi experimental study of non-equivalent control group pre-test/post-test design. Method: The subjects of this study were the hospitalized preschoolers receiving an operation in C University Hospital. These totalled 60 and were divided into a 30-person-control-group and a 30-person-experimental-group. The data was collected from June 1 to October 5, 2002. The Experimental treatment was carried out according to Therapeutic Play Program developed by Researcher. The instruments used in this study were the observational records for Hospitalized preschooler's Anxiety behavior response, pulse rate, and respiration rate of the preschooler's. The collected data were analyzed with real numbers, percentage, t-test, and $X^2$-test, using SPSS WIN 11.0 program. Result: Hypothesis, "The experimental group provided with a Therapeutic Play Program would show a lower score of the pre-operative anxiety behavior(t=13.79, p=.00), pre-operative pulse(t=4.50, p=.00) and pre-operative respiration rate(t=4.29, p=.00) response than when the control group was not provided", was supported. Conclusion: Therapeutic Play Program is determined to be useful for reducing Pre-operative anxiety of the preschoolers.

• Child Health Nursing Research
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.146-154
• /
• 2008

Purposes: The purposes of this study are to describe the health problems experienced by VLBW premature infants and their health care services utilization during the first year of life Method: Eighteen mothers of VLBW premature infants completed a survey questionnaire, asking socioeconomic/demographic information, health/developmental problems experienced by their infants, and their use of health care services. Results: Of the 18 infants, 78% experienced respiratory problems such as cold/running nose and wheezing during the first year and 33% experienced gastrointestinal problems such as vomiting, diarrhea and constipation. Twelve (67%) infants visited the emergency department at least one time and 10 infants (56%) were hospitalized at least once during their first year of age. Interestingly, infants without chronic lung disease visited the emergency department more than infants without chronic lung disease (p=.213). Infants living in non-disadvantaged neighborhoods were hospitalized more than infants living in disadvantaged neighborhoods (p=.000). Conclusions: Health care providers should initiate educating mothers, particularly those living in disadvantaged neighborhoods, about post-NICU discharge health care needs of their VLBW premature infants while their infants were still in the NICU so that unnecessary visits to the emergency department and rehospitalizations can be possibly prevented.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.684-692
• /
• 2013

Purpose: This study attempted to discover the effects of distraction on the hospitalized children's fear of the hospital and needle-related pain. Methods: The experimental group was given visual stimulation using a character from the injection room entrance. In addition, the video recording of 'bambarabam' was provided for visual and auditory stimulation to distract the children. The research tools included the hospital-related fear scale, Faces Pain Rating Scale (Wong & Baker, 1988) and Procedure Behaviour Check List (Lebaron&Zeltzer, 1984). For statistical analysis, the SPSS 19.0 program was used on the collected data for $X^2$-test and Mann-Whitney U test. Results: The experimental group showed significantly less fear ofthe hospital compared to the control group (U=151.50, p=.024). The experimental group showed significantly lower pain on both Faces Pain Rating Scale (U=167.50, p=.043) and the Procedure Behaviour Check List (U=106.00, p=.001) compared to the control group. Conclusion: These results suggest that distraction was effective in reducing the child's fear of the hospital and injection pain.

• Child Health Nursing Research
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.115-122
• /
• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to validate the Korean version of the TNO-AZL Preschool Children Quality of Life (TAPQOL) questionnaire for children aged 18-60 months. Methods: The participants were 223 mothers of healthy children from nurseries and kindergartens, and 54 mothers of hospitalized children from a university children's hospital in Korea. Data were collected in 2011. Principal component factor analysis and known-groups method were used to confirm construct validity, and internal consistency was used to determine reliability. Results: According to the factor analysis, 11 factors with an eigenvalue over 1 were extracted, and these factors explained 73.5% of the variance. All dimensions except two had Cronbach's alpha coefficients greater than .7. The mean TAPQOL scores of the hospitalized group were significantly lower than those of the healthy group (p=.001) for all four functions (physical, emotional, social, and cognitive). Conclusion: The TAPQOL showed acceptable validity and reliability, and can be used to measure children's health-related quality of life in Korea, and can be considered for use in other Asian countries.

• Child Health Nursing Research
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.274-286
• /
• 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to test the validity and reliability of the Korean version of the Families' Importance in Nursing Care-Nurses' Attitudes (FINC-NA) instrument developed by Saveman et al. Methods: The 222 pediatric nurses' data were collected from 13 hospitals in South Korea and were analyzed using descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, the Pearson correlation coefficient, and the Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ in SPSS software. The AMOS program was used to conduct confirmatory factor analysis of construct validity. Results: Of the 26 initial items, 24 were ultimately selected after evaluating content validity, construct validity, and reliability. The following 6 factors were included in the Korean version of the Families' Importance in Nursing Care-Pediatric Nurses' Attitudes (KFINC-PNA): family as a 'conversational partner', 'participant in care', 'supporter for the nurse', 'burden', 'recipient of empowerment', and 'its own resource'. Conclusion: The KFINC-PNA was partially modified to explain differences in language and culture, but its validity and reliability were verified. Pediatric nurses' attitudes can be assessed using the KFINC-PNA, and adjustments to the care of hospitalized children and their families can be made based on these items. We recommend developing and verifying intervention methods that will improve family-centered care for hospitalized children and their families.