• 대한간호학회지
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.52-65
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• 2022

Purpose: This study was conducted to develop a scale to measure spiritual distress in cancer patients. Methods: A total of 69 preliminary items for the spiritaul distress assessment tool (SDAT) were compiled, based on a literature review, selection of empirically relevant items through concept analysis of hybrid models, confirmation of content validity by experts, cognitive interviews, and a pretest. Self-administered questionnaires were collected between April 1 and July 31, 2018, from 225 cancer patients at four medical institutions and one nursing home. The data were analyzed using item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, convergent and discriminant validity, and Pearson correlation for criterion validity. Reliability was tested by Cronbash's α coefficient. Results: The final version of the SDAT consisted of 20 items. Five-factors, loss of peace, burden of family, avoidance of confronting death, guilt and remorse, regret for not being able to apololgize and forgive were extracted, and showed 62.8% of total variance. The factors were confirmed through convergent and discriminant validity. Criterion validity was confirmed by functional assessment chronic illness therapy spiritual well-being scale 12 (FACIT-Sp12). The overall Cronbach's α was .91, and the coefficients of each subscale ranged from .78~.83. Conclusion: The SDAT for cancer patients is valid and reliable. It is suggested that the tool can be used to measure spiritual distress in cancer patients.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.31-43
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• 1973

The trend in modern nursing is toward the performance of comprehensive nursing care. Psychiatric nursing emphasizes education which enables the nurse to understand the underlying difficulties being expressed through a wide range of emotions and through practice to be more adept in her selection of a manner of approach which best meets the needs of a given situation. Presently, in Korea, there is nothing in the literature regarding evaluation of the effect of psychiatric nursing education on the attitudes of nurses towards mental illness and mentally ill patients. This stud!1 was attempted in order to understand 1) some of the problems in psychiatric nursing education 2) some of tile factors which affect the attitudes of nurses towards mental illness and mental patients. A questionnaire, a Korean translation of the "Opinions about Mental illness Scale" by Cohen and Stranding, 1962, was administered to 188 nonpsychiatric registered nurses employed in Yonsei University Hospital (Y. Hospital) and Seoul National University Hospital (S. Hospital) located in the city of Seoul. All of the nurses were directly involved with adult patient care. They graduated from various nursing schools. The data was collected during the period of October 2 to October 16,1972. The age, educational background , marital status, type of previous psychiatric experience, experience as a graduate nurse and close personal relationship with someone who was a psychiatric patient were compared with the O.M.I. scores. The mean and standard errors for each of the comparison groups were computed and tile relationships calculated by a t-test. The results of the study are summarized as follow: 1. There is no significant difference between the age of the nurses and their attitudes toward mental illness and mental patients. 2. There is no significant difference between the. educational backgrounds of the nurses and their attitudes toward mental illness and mental patients. 3. There is a significant difference in the nurses ′student psychiatric nursing experience and their attitudes towards mental illness and mental patients for the nurses in 5. Hospital only. The nurses who had 3-4 week of student psychiatric nursing experience had a significantly higher mean score for Benevolence (factor B) than nurses whose student psychiatric experience had been less than 1 Ivcek (P<0.05). The nurses who had 1-2 weeks, 3-4 weeks and more than 4 weeks of student psychiatric nursing experience had significantly higher mean scores for Interpersonal Ethology (factor E) than nurses whose student psychiatric had been less than 1 week (p<0.05), 4. There is a significant difference in the nurses′student psychiatric nursing experience by types of institution and their attitudes towards mental illness and mental patients for S. Hospital nurses only. The nurses who had their student psychiatric nursing experience in the government psychiatric hospitals recorded significantly higher mean score for Authoritarianism (factor A) than nurses who had their. experience in private psychiatric hospitals (p<0.05). 5. There is no significant difference in the nurses′psychiatric nursing experience as a graduate nurse and their attitudes toward mental illness and mental patients. 6. There is no significant difference in the nature and variety of the nurses′experience as a graduate nurse and their attitude toward mental illness and mental patients. 7. There is no significant difference in the presence or absence of a close personal relationship with a mentally ill person and the nurses′attitude toward mental illness and mental patients. 8. There is no significant difference in the nurses′ marital status and their attitude toward mental illness and mental patients. 9. There is no significant difference between the nurses who were employed ill S. and Y. hospitals and their attitudes towards mental illness and mental patients. Major suggestion for further study was to have more larger and wider scale research for establishing of the reliability and validity of the Korean translation of the O.H.I. Scale.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.494-502
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• 2017

본 연구는 치위생과 학생의 학교 교육과정상에 들어있는 치과감염관리 교과의 수업 후 감염관리 인식 변화를 학년별로 알아보고 교육 과정에 감염관리 교육방법의 추가 편성을 제시하기 위한 서술적 인과관계 연구이다. 결과로 첫째, 병원 실습 경험에 따른 항체인지는 실습 경험이 있는 학생 127명(62.6%)이 더 알고 있었고, 개인 방호 선택에서는 실습 경험과 상관없이 손 씻기가 가장 높았고, 그다음으로 마스크 쓰기를 선호하였으며, 감염 교육방법 선택은 실습수업이 병원 실습 경험과 상관없이 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 학년에 따른 항체 인지는 학년이 높을수록 더 인지하였고, 개인 방호 선택은 1, 2학년은 손 씻기를 선택한 반면, 3학년은 마스크 쓰기 (44.4%)를 선택하여 학년 간의 차이를 보였다 셋째, 실습 경험에 따른 환자 및 개인 건강인식 정도 차이에서는 환자 건강 인식 관련 결과 t 값은 '2.387', 유의 확률은 '0.05'보다 작기 때문에 실습 경험에 따른 환자 인식에는 차이가 나는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 환자 관련 감염 인식에 대해서는 교육 후 인식 변화가 가장 큰 설명 요인으로 나타났다. 학년, 실습 경험 유무의 차이에 따른 유의성이 나타난 것은 학년별로 실습 경험이 내재되어 있고, 임상실습 경험의 수에서 차이를 보였으며, 학생들의 교육방법 선택에서도 실습교육이 가장 효과적인 방법으로 선호도가 높았다. 감염 교육의 효과는 인식 형성에 도움을 주는 결과를 도출하여 계속적인 감염관리 교육의 계발과 재교육의 필요성을 알 수 있었다.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.94-100
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• 2011

1-day protocol method는 DIAMOX 영상에서 basal 영상을 감산시키는 방법으로 혈관 예비능을 평가하는데 있어서 매우 유용한 검사지만, 검사시간이 길기 때문에 움직임에 의한 불가피한 재검사율이 높다. 기하학적으로 차이가 있는 fan-beam 콜리메이터와 parallel 콜리메이터 중 임상적으로 1-day protocol method에 가장 효율적인 콜리메이터가 무엇인지 알아보았다. 삼중 헤드 감마카메라인 triad XLT 9 (TRIONIX)와 세 가지 콜리메이터(low energy high resolution-parallel beam: LEHR-par, ultra resolution-fan beam: LEUR-fan, super fine-fan beam: LESR-fan)를 사용하였다. PET/SPECT performance phantom, Hoffman 3D phantom, volunteer 실험을 실시하여 세 가지 콜리메이터의 감도, 대조도, 해상력, 영상의 질을 비교 측정하였다. Pixel size를 fan-beam 콜리메이터와 동일하게 하기 위하여 parallel 콜리메이터 실험 시 zoom factor를 2.0으로 변경하였다. Scan time은 50 kcounts/frame을 만족하게 하였으며 filtered back projection (FBP)의 재구성 방법을 사용하였고 각 콜리메이터 별 최적의 영상을 위하여 cut off 값을 변화하면서 비교 측정하였다. 총 획득 계수가 동일한 조건에서 해상력과 percent background variability는 LESR과 LEUR이 LEHR보다 우수한 결과를 나타내었고, 영상의 육안평가에서 선호도는 LESR, LEUR, LEHR 순이었다. 영상 획득 시간은 LESR이 낮은 감도로 인하여 LEUR과 LEHR보다 약 2배 더 길게 소요됐다. Volunteer 실험의 결과 LESR을 사용할 때보다 LEUR 또는 LEHR을 사용 할 때 약 10-14분 정도 시간이 감소했다. 1-day protocol method는 단 한 번의 움직임에도 재검사가 불가피하기 때문에 적절한 분해능뿐만 아니라 높은 감도의 유지를 위해 적절한 검사 방법의 확립이 중요하다 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서 동일한 계수를 획득할 경우 LEUR은 LESR보다 2배의 시간을 감소시킬 수 있었고 영상의 육안평가나 해상력도 LESR과 임상적으로 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으므로 Brain SPECT의 1-day protocol method에 가장 적합할 것으로 사료된다.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.35-47
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• 2009

Objectives: The purpose of this research was to investigate incidence and related factors of the MS in a university hospital Methods: This survey was conducted from January in 1997 to March in 2008. This study is a cohort study. The baseline subjects were 529 men and 609 women without metabolic syndrome(MS) who visited the health promotion center of Chungnam National University Hospital for general health check-up. The MS was diagnosed according to the definition by the NCEP ATP III. The abdominal obesity guidelines for waist circumference applied the Korean Society for the Study of Obesity Guideline Results: The survey exhibited that baseline risk factors that mainly affect odds ratio(OR) of the MS at follow-up were sex, ages, heavy drinking, uric acid and transpeptidase(GGT) in women. Incidence of the MS was 10.6% in total cases, 18.1% in men and 4.0% in women. The risk of the MS was significantly lower in women than men(OR=0.4, 95% confidence interval(CI: 0.2-0.9), significantly higher 50-59 Ages than < 40 ages(OR=3.4, 95% CI: 1.9-6.4), significantly high in women with heavy drinkers(OR=14.3, 95% CI: 1.2-177.5), significantly high in whole, men and women with high uric acid group(whole, OR=2.6, 95% CI: 1.6-4.2. men, OR=2.1, 95% CI: 1.3-3.5. women, OR=14.2, 95% CI: 3.0-68.3) and significantly high in women with high GGT(OR=1.8, 95% CI: 2.4-12.6). Conclusion: Risk factors of incident MS were baseline sex, ages, heavy drinking in women, uric acid and GGT in women. These can be utilized as an important index to determine risk factors of incident MS and will be basic data in part of management, education, countermeasure and selection test of the MS.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.95-102
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• 2022

Purpose: This study was based on the Korean Foot and Ankle Society (KFAS) member survey and aimed to report the current trends in the management of syndesmotic injuries over the last few decades. Materials and Methods: A web-based questionnaire containing 36 questions was sent to all KFAS members in September 2021. The questions were mainly related to the preferred techniques and clinical experiences in the treatment of patients with syndesmotic injuries. Answers with a prevalence ≥50% of respondents were considered a tendency. Results: Seventy-six (13.8%) of the 550 members responded to the survey. The results showed that the most preferred method to diagnose a syndesmotic injury was magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Intraoperatively, the external rotation stress test and the Cotton test were most frequently used to confirm syndesmotic diastasis. The reduction was usually done by a reduction clamp. One 3.5-mm screw was used most frequently over three cortices at 2~4 cm above the ankle joint. The preferred ankle position during fixation was 0° dorsiflexion. Removal of the syndesmotic screw was routinely done by most surgeons, mainly because of the limitation of movement and risk of screw breakage. Factors that affect suture button selection included non-rigid fixation which enables adequate fixation, early weight-bearing, and an infrequent need to remove the hardware. Inadequate reduction was considered the main factor that affects poor prognosis. Conclusion: This study proposes updated information about the current trends in the management of syndesmotic injuries in Korea. Consensuses in both the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to patients with syndesmotic injury were identified in this survey study. This study may raise the awareness of the various possible approaches toward the injury and should be used to further establish a standard protocol for the management of syndesmotic injuries.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.359-368
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 치과의료 QI 활동이 활발할 가능성이 있는 21개 대표적인 의료기관을 선정하여 QI 활동의 개괄적인 현황을 조사하고, 동시에 그 기관에 근무하는 치과위생사 전체를 대상으로 치과의료 QI 활동의 시행 실태 및 QI 활동시행 후 개선효과에 대한 만족도를 조사하고 QI 활동의 활성화 요인과 저해요인 등을 알아봄으로써 치과의료 QI 활동의 현황을 파악하고 이에 따른 발전 방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. QI 활동 주제별 시행률은 외부고객만족 주제가 59.9%로 가장 높았고 비용절감 59.4%, 의료의 질 향상 58.8%, 위험관리 52.8%, 업무효율성 향상 46.5%의 순으로 나타났다. 2. QI 활동 시행 후 개선 효과에 대한 만족도 점수는 비용절감 3.68점, 의료 질 향상 3.66점, 위험관리 3.65점, 외부고객만족 3.61점, 업무 효율성 향상 3.45점 등의 순으로 나타났다. 3. 의료기관 종류별 비교에서는 일반(종합)병원의 QI 활동 시행률이 유의하게 높았고 만족도 점수에서는 치과대학병원이 여러 항목에서 낮은 만족도 점수를 보였다. 4. 가장 많은 응답자가 지적한 QI 활동을 활성화 하는 요인은 병원종사자들의 적극적인 참여도, 저해하는 요인으로는 QI 활동의 인력과 예산 부족이 있다. 결론적으로 치과의료 QI 활동은 외부고객만족도 등 가시적인 효과가 용이하게 나타나는 주제에 집중되는 반면 복잡하고 가시적인 효과가 빠른 시간 내에 나타나기 어려운 주제에 대한 QI 활동은 소홀한 경향이 있으므로 균형 있는 사업 시행을 도모하고 QI 활동을 활성화하기 위해서 노력하여야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.764-772
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• 2020

Objective: Laser ablation is a therapeutic modality used to reduce the volume of large benign thyroid nodules. Unsatisfactory reduction and regrowth are observed in some treated nodules. The aim of the study was to evaluate the long-term outcomes of laser treatment for solid nodules during a 5-year follow-up period, the regrowth rate, and the predictive risk factors of nodule regrowth. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated patients with benign, solid, cold thyroid nodules who underwent laser ablation and were followed-up for 5 years. According to the selection criteria, 104 patients were included (median baseline nodule volume, 12.5 mL [25.0-75.0%, 8-18 mL]; median energy delivered, 481.5 J/mL [25.0-75.0%, 370-620 J/mL]). Nodule volume, thyroid function test results, and ultrasound were evaluated at baseline and then annually after the procedure. Results: Of 104 patients, 31 patients (29.8%) had a 12-month volume reduction ratio (VRR) < 50.0% and 39 (37.5%) experienced nodule regrowth. Of these 39 patients, 17 (43.6%) underwent surgery and 14 (35.9%) underwent a second laser treatment. The rate of nodule regrowth was inversely related to the 12-month VRR, i.e., the lower the 12-month VRR, the higher the risk of regrowth (p < 0.001). The mean time for nodule regrowth was 33.5 ± 16.6 months. The 12-month VRR was directly related to time to regrowth, i.e., the lower the 12-month VRR, the shorter the time to regrowth (p < 0.001; R² = 0.3516). Non-spongiform composition increased the risk of regrowth with an odds ratio of 4.3 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.8-10.2; p < 0.001); 12-month VRR < 50.0% increased the risk of regrowth with an odds ratio of 11.7 (95% CI 4.2-32.2; p < 0.001). Conclusion: The VRR of thyroid nodules subjected to similar amounts of laser energy varies widely and depends on the nodule composition; non-spongiform nodules are reduced to a lesser extent and regrow more frequently than spongiform nodules. A 12-month VRR < 50.0% is a predictive risk factor for regrowth and correlates with the time to regrowth.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권10호
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• pp.166-173
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• 2020

이 연구의 목적은 인지적 종결 욕구를 측정하는 단축형 종결 욕구 척도(NFCS-SF: Need for Closure Scale-Short Form)를 타당화하기 위함이었다. 참가자들은 인지적 종결 욕구, 불확실성에 대한 인내력 부족, 우울과 불안 설문지를 작성하였다. 2017년 5월~7월 동안 수집된 536개의 자료 중, 총 495명의 참가자의 자료를 SPSS 20.0과 M-Plus로 분석하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 탐색적 요인분석 결과를 토대로 각 하위 영역에서 3문항을 선정하여 15문항의 NFCS-SF를 구성하였다. 둘째, NFCS-SF의 내적 일치도가 양호했다(연구 1, Cronbach's α=.85; 연구 2, Cronbach's α=.84). 셋째, 확인적 요인분석 결과 5요인 구조가 지지되었다(χ²(80)=178.34, p<.001, CFI=.87, TLI=.83, RMSEA=.07, SRMR=.08). 넷째, NFCS-SF는 NFCS(r=.86, p<.01) 뿐 아니라 불확실성에 대한 인내력 부족(r=.58, p<.01), 우울(r=.16, p<.05)과 불안(상태 불안, r=.31, p<.01; 특성 불안, r=.29, p<.01) 척도와의 상관이 유의하였다. 이러한 연구결과를 토대로, 연구의 의의 및 한계와 후속 연구를 위한 제안을 토의하였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.161-170
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• 2017

Meningitis caused by Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (S. suis 2) is a great threat to the pig industry and human health. Virulence factors associated with the pathogenesis of meningitis have yet to be clearly defined, even though many potential S. suis 2 virulence factors have been identified. This greatly hinders the progress of S. suis 2 meningitis pathogenesis research. In this study, a co-culture blood-brain barrier (BBB) model was established using primary porcine brain microvascular endothelial cells and astrocytes, and the whole genome library of S. suis 2 was constructed using phage display technology. Finally, a total of 14 potential virulence factors contributing to S. suis 2 adherence to and invasion of the BBB were selected by analyzing the interactions between the phage library and the co-culture model. Twelve of these factors have not been previously reported in meningitis-related research. The data provide valuable insight into the pathogenesis of S. suis 2 meningitis and potential targets for the development of drug therapies.