• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.165-170
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• 1973

1972년 여름, 사관생도(士官生徒) 승마교육용(乘馬敎育用)으로 육군사관학교(陸軍士官學校) 군마대(軍馬隊)에서 사육(飼育)하고 있는 승마용(乘馬用) 마필(馬匹)(오스트레일리아 및 일본산(日本産))과, 군용마(軍用馬)로서의 개발시험(改發試驗)에 공시중(供試中)인 제주도산(濟州道産) 재내마필(在來馬匹)에 발생(發生)한 14예(例)의 피부사상균성(皮膚絲狀菌性) 윤선(輪癬)을 대상(對象)으로 그 치료시험(治療試驗)을 실시(實施)하였던 바, 다음과 같은 결론(結論)을 얻었다. 임상증례(臨床症例) 관찰(觀察) (1) 초기증상(初期症狀) 발현(發現)은 군마고유번호(軍馬固有番號) 15번(番), 마명(馬名) 거상(巨象)(원명(原名) Shane)의 이마 및 이근부(耳根部) 견부(肩部)에 직경(直徑) 3cm 정도(程度)의 원형(圓型) 병소(病巢)가 나타났으며, 곧 이어 다른 마필(病巢)에 산발적(散發的)으로 발생(發生)했다. 발생률(發生率)은 31.8%(군마(軍馬) 44%, 조랑말 15.8%)로서 지난해 군부대(軍部隊) 목장(牧場)에서 집단발생(集團發生)했던 Bovine Ringworm의 발생률(發生率)(56.4%)보다 낮았다. (2) 증상(症狀)은 원형발진(圓型發疹) 및 양감(痒感), 가피형성(痂皮形成), 피모탈낙(皮毛脫落), 농포형성(膿疱形成) 및 신모발생등(新毛發生等)의 순(順)으로 진행(進行)했으며 환축(患畜)과 접촉(接觸)하는 사람에게도 감염(感染)하는 인축공통전염병(人畜共通傳染病)의 일종(一種)이었다. (3) 품종(品種) 및 성별(性別), 연령에 따른 유의성(有意性)은 인정(認定)할 수 없었다. 치료시험(治療試驗) 결과(結果) (1) 본병(本病)은 Ichthammol이나 Undecylenic Acid 처리(處理)에 있어서 치료효과(治療效果)를 나타냈다. (2) 상기(上記)한 항사상균제 처리(處理)와 동시(同時)에 Hydrccortisone의 보조요법(補助療法)을 실시(實施)하였을때, 약효(藥效)가 빨리 나타나고 치료기일(治療期日)도 단축(短縮)되었다. (3) 본증(本症)은 조기(早期)에 발견(發見) 치료(治療)해야하며 일반적(一般的)으로 완치(完治)하는데 장기간(長期間)을 요(要)하였다.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.421-427
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• 1992

The study was basically carried out to establish the appropriate condition for applying the Westergren method for erythrocyte sedimentation rate(W-ESR) in Throughbred racehorses at recess. To do this, we examined the correlationship among some factors including the kind of anticoagulants, optimal ambient temperature and reading time for W-ESR in healthy racehorses. The difference between the blood samples treated with only 3.8% solution of sodium citrate(SC) and both EDTA and SC as a coagulant, there was not recognized any significant difference(p<0.05) in the levels of W-ESR irrespective of the ambient temperature of $20^{\circ}C$ or $30^{\circ}C$. The best optimal ambient temperature for W-ESR in horses was proved at $30^{\circ}C$ resulting from the tendency of the most reduced dispersion in mean values analyaed from repeatly 4 times to the same blood samles compared with those of $10^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$. The optimal reading time was determined as 60 minutes(Y=237.2~4.1X, $r^2=0.998$) and 70 minutes(Y=247.8~4.2X, $r^2=0.999$) under the same temperature of $30^{\circ}C$; the latter showed the better result on the basis of the correlation of packed cell volume(PCV) and ESR values. About 13 healthy racehorses, we compared the real values of W-ESR respectively obtained at 60 minutes and 70 minutes at $30^{\circ}C$ with the anticipated values of PCV by means of the analysis of linear regression equitation. As the result of this, the strong correlation between both of them was confirmed. For practical use of W-ESR in Thoroughbred racehorese, we can recommend the condition of 60 or 70 minutes for the optimal reading time as well as $30^{\circ}C$ for the best ambient temperature.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.26
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• pp.163-173
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• 1995

The purpose of this study is to investigate the Ku which was worn by nomadic tribes which was Khitai, Mongols and Manchus. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. 1. The fur clothes were very important clothes that nomadic tribes put on in order to protect them against the cold. The Ku was an outfit for protection against the cold. It was made of ani-mal fur and its style was tight sleeve and long dress. 2. The Ku was worn in all social classes including emperor, nobles and the masses in ancient China and Asia dynasty. After the nomadic tribes estabilished dynasty in China the style of Ku was changed. All kinds of animal fur was used to make the Ku but the volume of fur, kinds and colors were classified severely by their social position. In Khitai dynasty the Ku was worn in same style. But the emperor wore the Ku of silver marten. The noble class wore the Ku of purple, black and blue marten and silver squirrel skin. The masses wore the Ku of the other colors marten, sheep, squirrel and dessert fox skin. In Mongol dynasty, the emperor wore the Ku of purple marten, silver squirrel, silver fox and black fox skin. The nobles wore the Ku of the other colors marten and squirrel. The masses wore the Ku of degraded animal fur. Before the Manchus estabilished the varient races dynasty in China, the rich man preferred the Ku of marten, squirrel, fox, goat furs. But the poorman preferred the Ku of cow, horses, pig, sheep, cat, dog, snake and deer skin. After the manchus conquered the China, the manners of dress were changed. Generally the fur did not appear in right side of garment, but high quality or noble fur appeared outside. Sometimes the inside or outside of Ku was made of silk fabrics and sleeves, neck-band was made of the high quality fur.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.179-188
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• 2016

This paper presents a new information on animal husbandry practice in the Baekje period using stable isotope analysis of 17 animal bones excavated from the Pungnaptoseong Fortress. Stable carbon isotope evidence implies that wild animals such as deer and pigs had mainly $C_3$-based diet whereas domestic cattle and horses might have consumed more $C_4$ plants. In addition, we propose one potential that domestic pigs show higher nitrogen isotope values in comparison with wild boar because they were possibly fed by humans.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.61-68
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• 1996

Hehage production, botanical composition and soil chemical characteristics were investigated Ween new pastures and old pastures during grazing seasons from May 1993 to October 1994, to find out the condition of pastures grazed by horses on Chdu. Dry matter yields between new pastures and old pastures were 8,757kglha and 7,486kglha respectively. Plant heights of new pastures were 17.4cm. compared with those of old pastures of 12.lcm. The botanical composition of new pastures was composed of grasses about 402, legumes 7~14%, others 18-30% and dead materials 18~ 25%. whiie there were grasses 12%, legumes 3~7%, others 65% and dead materials 15% in old pastures. The contents of crude protein, phosphoms and sodium were lower in old pastures(l3.30, 0.24 and 0.10% respectively) than those in new pastures(l5.47, 0.28 and 0.14% respectively). There was no difference in ADF, NDF, Ca, Mg and K content between the 2 kinds of pastures. The chemical characteristics of the 2 kinds of pastures was shown to be similar, except available phosphorus, comparing 8.18ppm in old pastures with 84.43ppm in new pastures. Although the herbage yield and the soil characteristics of old pastures were lower than those of new pastures, we suppose that the old pastures would be improved, if taken good care of by methods such as oversowing and sometimes applying fertilizer.

• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.171-176
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• 2020

Advancing the estrous cycle of mares is an essential breeding strategy that is routinely conducted by Thoroughbred breeders to improve economic outcomes. For this purpose, Equilume light masks have been developed as an alternative to existing technologies such as artificial lighting or hormonal treatments because they are considered as valid as existing methods with additional animal welfare advantages. For example, with the Equilume light masks, horses can be let out into the pasture, whereas they have to be kept indoors during lighting treatment. Because the function of Equilume light mask on the estrous cycle of mares is influenced by environmental factors such as nutrition condition and temperature, Equilume light mask should be studied in various environments. The objective of the present study was thus to verify the effect of Equilume light masks on the onset of the estrous cycle in Thoroughbred mares in South Korea. Mares were randomly selected and separated into two groups at two Thoroughbred horse breeding farms. The mares in the treatment group were equipped with Equilume light masks from November 18 to February 10 the following year. The body condition, the number and size (> 35 mm) of uterine follicles, and the uterine horn score of the mares were assessed on January 6 and February 10. The body condition scores were not different between the two groups. The treatment with the Equilume light mask had no positive effects on developing follicles and the reproductive tract. In conclusion, the use of Equilume light masks did not influence the seasonal resumption of the estrus cycles in Thoroughbred mares in South Korea.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.70-73
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• 2007

This study was conducted to determine the nutritional characteristics of horsemeat and bone meal in comparison with those of beef and pork presented by Dietary Reference Intakes For Koreans. Longissimus muscle and large metacarpal bone samples were collected from 20 fattened Jeju horses. Muscle samples were subjected to proximate analysis, assays for fatty acid profile and minerals, and bone samples to mineral assays. Horsemeal had similar levels of protein (21.1 vs 21.0 or 21.1%) and lower levels of fat (6.0 vs 14.1 or 16.1%) compared with beef or pork, respectively. Horsemeat had much higher levels of palmitoleic (8.2 vs 4.4 or 3.3%) and $\alpha-linolenic$ (1.4 vs 0.1 or 0.6%) acids than beef or pork, respectively. Linoleic acid was much higher in horsemeat (11.1%) and pork (10.1%) than in beef (1.6%). PUFA:SFA and n-6:n-3 ratios in horsemeat were 0.29 and 10.2, respectively. There were no big differences in mineral contents between horsemeat, beef and pork. For daily recommended mineral intakes of male adults (Dietary Reference Intakes For Koreans), phosphorus, sodium, potassium, iron, zinc and copper can be provided up to 24, 2.5, 6.7, 21, 26 and 40%, respectively, by 100 g raw horsemeat, but calcium and manganese levels are negligible. Horse cannon bone had much higher mineral contents especially in calcium (10,193 mg/100 g), phosphorus (5,874 mg/100 g) and copper (0.79 mg/100 g). Thiamin, riboflavin, niacin and retinol contents were 0.20, 0.21, 1.65 mg/100 g and $30{\mu}g/100g$, respectively. But ascorbic acid and beta-carotene were not detected. Our data demonstrated that higher levels of palmitoleic and $\alpha-linolenic$ acid in horsemeat than in beef and pork may be beneficial for human health. Horsemeat and bone meal are a good source of some minerals and vitamins.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.348-353
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• 1999

Ten Australian Stock Horses colts (five yearling and five 3-year old colts) of which 2 yearlings and 2 three year old colts served as control animals while 3 yearlings and 3 three year old colts received two GnRH immunizations within 4 weeks interval were used in this study. By the 5th to 6th week after immunization, the GnRH antibody titres in the plasma rose above 1:1000 and attained peak levels of 1:6500 by the 8th week and gradually declined to about 1:3000 by the 10th week in both the age groups. The testosterone and androstenedione concentrations of the control colts in both age groups were significantly greater (p<0.05) than that of the vaccinated groups. During the immunosuppression period, the vaccinated colts behaved like geldings. Semen could not be collected from 2 of the 3 three-year old vaccinated colts. The testicular dimensions, testicular weight, parenchymal weight, seminiferous tubule volumes, interstitial space volumes, Leydig cell volume, seminiferous tubule % of the control colts were significantly greater than those of the vaccinated colts in both the age groups. The 3-year old control colts had a significantly (p<0.05) greater % of Leydig cells than the control and vaccinated 1-year old colts. There was arrest of spermatogenesis with complete absence of sperm in the testes of the vaccinated colts while there was various stages of spermatogenesis in those of the control colts. Morphometric analysis demonstrated that the 3-year old colts had significantly (p<0.05) greater DSP/gm of testis and DSP/testis than those of the 1-year old control colts. This study elucidated that the GnRH immunization could suppress the testicular function of the 3-year old and yearling colts.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.38 no.8
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• pp.13-27
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• 2000

The background of single animal figures was originated from those northern mounted nomadic groups, which was Scythe style Culture. The art of the nomads working in the Scythian idiom was small in size and essentially decorative in intention, yet practically every object which can be associated with any unit in this group of people possesses many of the attributes essential to a real work of art. Clarity of conception, purity of form, co-ordination of rhythm and balance, and not least, an understanding and respect for the material employed were triumphantly blended by the Eurasian nomads to produce a distinctive style. In Scythian art the multitude of animal representations well illustrates the reoccupation of this nomadic people with animals in their environment. Usually only wild animals are represented. Commonly depicted are: stags and deer, lions or other large cats, eagles, birds heads (perhaps of ravens), griffins, snakes, hares, fish, goats, rams, boars, moose (elk), yak, sheep and bears. The occasional exception to the wild animal rule is domesticated horses-important because the Scythians were horse bleeders and their whole culture revolved around their dependence on the horse. The nomads had little reason to create object in honour of gods or men, but they had an instinct for beauty and the wish to surround themselves with the animal forms in which they had come to delight The Scytians tried to combine in a single rendering all the salient points of the animal they were delineating. They archived considerable success in the difficult task of showing in a single image the various and often incompatible poses assumed by a single animal in the course of its life. Zoomorphic motifs were used not simple for decorative effect, but to trim the object into amulets, with magical power to assist in hunting, and to protect the owner from harm.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.43-57
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• 2020

Essence of the Hwangchil tree (黃漆樹 Dendropanax morbiferus H.Lév.) has been used for various purposes, like waxing emperor's armors, covering an astrology board, or, during the Silla Dynasty, burying it to block something bad in the soil symbolically. Essence of the Hwangchil tree was known to have remarkable preservation effects such as waterproofing, damp-proofing, rust-proofing, and moth-proofing as well as not being easily peeled off from even soft surfaces like paper. There is a record in Prescriptions for Epidemic diseases of Cows, Horses, Sheep, and Pigs (牛馬羊猪染疫病治療方), published in 1541, of Hwangchil that is local to Jeju Island being used instead of benzoin (安息香), of burning Hwangchil, and of making cows inhale its smoke to prevent plague among them. Along the same lines, there are records in the Local Chronicle of Tamra (耽羅志) and the Book of Earth Geography (輿地圖書) that identify Hwangchil with benzoin. In Seonghosaseol (星湖僿說), a book written by Lee Yik in around 1760, it is acknowledged that Hwangchil could be medicinal herb. In 2000, Ahn Duk-Kyun registered the roots and branches of Hwangchil tree as 'Boncho' (本草 herbal medicine) in the Pictorial Book of Korean Medicinals (韓國本草圖鑑) and presented the method of taking it for medical purpose. Researchers have suggested that Hwangchil essence as well as diverse parts of the plant such as its roots, branches, leaves, flowers, fruits, and gum have various meaningful medicinal properties. Regarding the history and recent researches of using Hwangchil tree, it has various medicinal probabilities such as, 'dispersing miasma' (辟邪), 'opening holes' (開竅), 'waking the heart' (醒心), 'smoothing spirits' (安神), 'piercing the block' (疎泄), 'removing the old and welcoming the new' (去故生新). This paper contributes ideas about how to expand the uses of Hwangchil Tree.