• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.163-169
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to verify exercise effect of horse riding exercise according to estimate basal physical fitness and activities of daily living(ADL) function in the aged. Participants were nineteen peoples who have no impediment of activity. They performed horse riding exercise using SRider(Neipplus, Co., Korea) at sixty minutes a day. Exercise has progressed three days a week for eight weeks. We measured trunk flexion, sit up, whole body reaction, leg strength and maximal oxygen uptake as basal physical fitness. Also three meter gait, single stance with eyes opened and single stance with eyes closed as ADL function were estimated once a month. The result of legs strength and whole body reaction showed the higher significantly than before the exercise. Moreover, the result of three meter walking ability only increased significantly among the ADL function. This means that horse riding exercise might be activated continuous muscular contraction with maintained tonus of muscle. We thought that continuous movement of horse riding could be lead to isometric muscle contraction in lower limbs. Our study found that horse riding exercise could improve lower strengths and muscle reaction for exercise effect. Also we suggested that horse riding exercise could be adapted to exercise methods that could provide rehabilitation and treatment enough for the aged or disabled person.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2013

Purpose : Investigate the effects of Horse-back riding Simulation Machine training on the Balance ability in Patients with Stroke. Method : The patients were divided to control group(n=18) with conventional rehabilitation conventional rehabilitation 60min/day and experimental group(n=17) with hippotherapy simulator 15 min/day after conventional rehabilitation 45min/day, 5 time/week for 4 weeks. Balance ability of both groups was assessed using Timed Up and Go(TUG), Berg balabce scale(BBS) and Center of pressure area(COPA). In the present result, there was a no significant(P>0.05) Results : The results of this study showed that Horse-back riding Simulation Machine training, after training, had meaningful difference of TUG, BBS and COPA. Conclusion : This study showed that Horse-back riding Simulation Machine training increased balance ability that resulted in enhancement of motor performance.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.779-786
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to segment latent horse riding market. Demographic characteristic, psychological characteristic, lifestyle, and perception of horse riding factor were included in the segmentation basis but, only lifestyle was useful factor for horse riding industry. The statistical techniques for data analysis were descriptive analysis, explanatory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, reliability analysis, cluster analysis, crosstab analysis, and Chi-square analysis. The result showed that sport activity, activity, and passivity factor were identified by lifestyle. The latent market of horse riding had two segment markets. First segment was known as a sport activity oriented group and the other is nonactivity oriented group. According to three demographic variables and preference of horse riding were statistical significant at the level of .05.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.661-667
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of therapeutic horse riding on adult with intellectual disability in terms of adaptive behavior. The subjects were 16 adults with intellectual disability. They participated in a therapeutic horse riding program of 60 minutes long, Twice a week for 12 weeks. The participants' adaptive behavior level were measured before and after 12 weeks of program with Social Maturity Scale. The data was analyzed by paired t-test using the SPSS. After 12 weeks of therapeutic horse riding program, there was a significant improvements on self-help, task, self-regulation & socialization. However, locomotion, communication changes did not reach statistical significance. The result indicates that therapeutic horse riding has a positive effect on adults with intellectual disability in self-help, task, self-regulation & socialization. This study suggests that therapeutic horse riding could be considered an effective method on adults with intellectual disability to improve adaptive behavior.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.101-107
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• 2017

In this paper, We propose the aesthetic exploration of horseback riding is considered to be the process of pursuing physical, mental, emotional, and social beauty. Despite the search effect of aesthetics in various aspects, the study of equestrian aesthetics in the field of physical education in Korea is very insufficient. Equestrian aesthetics is being studied in the field of special physical education and is being studied in the fields of rehabilitation and therapeutic horseback riding. Horse riding is a type of exercise. However, studies that track and observe various changes are inadequate. The purpose of this study is to explore the theory of equestrian aesthetics and to explore the possibility of approaching aesthetic theory from the top of horseback riding and to extend the area of equestrian game aesthetically. Until now, horse riding has been thought to be an aristocratic sport. Today, however, everyone can participate. Horseback riding is a sport for raising livelihoods, and it is a special sport that animals and humans enjoy in harmony. Equestrianism is a method of aesthetics from below, a philosophical method of aesthetics from the top, and a scientific method of empirical or positivistic direction. This study examines equestrian aesthetics from aesthetic point of view through the whole process of horse riding. The purpose of this study is to explore the aesthetics of horse riding through an aesthetic approach from the top, and to study the nature of aesthetics, a philosophical debate on beauty, Art can be divided into two categories: empiricism and positivism. For the sake of simplicity, the former is called the philosophical method, the latter is called the scientific method, and the latter is called the aesthetic from the bottom. Generally, in art, artistic, artistic works, perfumers, if you are grasped in the triangular shape, equestrian aesthetics can be described as triplets such as horse riding, passengers, and spectators. It was not easy to give satisfactory results in suggesting a new theory or a clear discussion due to lack of precedent research.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.39-47
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of a horse riding simulator and galvanic vestibular stimulation on improving the ability to balance posture and proprioception. Thirty healthy adults participated and were randomly assigned to a horse riding simulator group ($n_1$=10), galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) group ($n_2$=10), control group ($n_3$=10). Experiment groups were trained 3 times per week over 6 weeks. The ability to balance posture was measured by force plate and proprioception was measured by Joint position sense. The following results were obtained. the changes of balance index were significant interaction in each group in accordance with the experiment time in 0, 3 and 6 weeks (p<.05). All groups showed the most decreasing pattern compared with the control group. But was not statistically significant. Proprioception was significant interaction in each group in accordance with the experiment time (p<.05). All groups showed the most decreasing pattern compared with the control group. The above results indicated that the 6 weeks horse riding simulator and galvanic vestibular stimulation training demonstrated positive effects in the ability to balance posture and proprioception. These results suggest that the horse riding simulator and galvanic vestibular stimulation training could be therapeutic intervention that can improve balance and postural control.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to analyze the 12-week horse riding exercise effect on the locomotion of a body and bilateral balance and flexion/extension of trunk during the sit-to-stand(STS) in elementary and middle school students. One-hundred eleven participants were divided into three groups. Each group was subject to a different horse riding exercise: control group(n = 36), 1 time/week group(n=37), and 3 times/week group(n=38). Two-way repeated ANOVA was used to compare weight transfer time(WTT), trunk flexion velocity(TFV), trunk extension velocity(TEV), mean rising index(MRI), mean weight asymmetry( MWA) among the groups, and STS changes in before and after 12 weeks. There was a group interaction in WTT, TFV, TEV, MRI, and MWA with different responses to horse riding exercise participation. There was a significant increase in 1 time/week group and 3 times/week group of WTT, TFV, TEV, and MRI. Additionally, MWA(an index of a capacity for bilateral balance) in lower extremity was decreased in 3 times/week group. It seems that horse riding exercise positively affected musculoskeletal function of the trunk and lower extremity by accelerating locomotion and bilateral balance.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.83-94
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to analyse the effect of posture correction & stabilization according to horse rider's(n=10) skill levels of novice(0wk), mid-skill(12wk) & skill(24wk) in walk & trot. First, Mean posture of 3 times experiments; Anterior & posterior leaning posture of trunk showed rather unstable according to progress of the stages of TD1, TO, TD2 phase, and also shoulder & elbow angle, which effects to the distance from bit to rein, showed unstable riding posture. There was close relationship between shoulder and elbow Angle in walk and hip, knee & ankle angle in trot. Second, Posture correction & stabilization according to riding skill levels; Anterior & posterior leaning posture of trunk did not show significant difference statistically but showed approaching tendency to trunk's vertical line and showed significant difference(p<.05) according to improvement of skill levels in walk & trot horse riding. Hip angle showed significant difference according to progress of the stages of TD1, TO, TD2 phase(p<.05) and showed tendency maintaining the larger thigh flexion according to improvement of skill levels in walk & trot. Knee angle showed more stable posture by maintaining the larger flexion between thigh and shank according to improvement of skill levels in walk & trot(p<.05). Ankle angle also showed tendency maintaining the larger plantar flexion of foot according to improvement of skill levels in walk & trot. When considering the above, regular horse riding program could be useful in posture correction & stabilization according to improvement of skill levels of novice(0wk), mid-skill(12wk) & skill(24wk) in walk & trot.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2015

The concern for living a healthier and more active life has increased and the target market for the leisure-sportswear will broaden. This study suggests ideas and directions to develop horse-riding pants that consider fit satisfaction, demand performance and design requirements. A total of 203 riders were surveyed in Busan, Jeju, and Gwacheon horse racing tracks from November to December 2011 and from September to October 2012. Frequency analysis, ANOVA, t-test, and ${\chi}^2$-test were performed for the statistical analysis of the data using SPSS Win 21.0 program. The results of this study are as follows. The satisfaction of riding pants showed differences according to gender, riding career, BMI, age, and riding level. Females showed lower satisfaction of pant length than males. Riders with 1-4 years riding career showed more satisfaction of the front waist circumference. The group between 10 and 20 years more strongly preferred a rubber band waist than the group over 30 years. Those underweight preferred no pocket on the back. The intermediate-high riding level showed more fit satisfaction than those at the high level. Beginners put more importance on hip cushion, while riders over an intermediate level put more importance to sewing durability. Basic pants with beige and/or black full patch attached to the velcro hem were preferred by most riders. In conclusion, it is confirmed that design strategies in segmented riding pants market are necessary.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.63 no.2
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• pp.440-452
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine if an 8-week therapeutic riding (TR) program was effective in improving the walking ability of students with intellectual disabilities. Thirteen students diagnosed with intellectual disabilities participated in the TR program. TR sessions were conducted twice a week (30 min per session), with a total of 16 rides taking place over an 8-week period. A gait measurement analyzer was used to measure progress based on a turn test (6-m walking and turning test), walk test (10-m walking), and timed up and go (TUG) test. Measurements were made three times: before horse-riding (P0), after 4 weeks (8 rides) of horse-riding (P1), and after 8 weeks (16 rides) of horse-riding (P2). Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software (ver. 22.0). Descriptive statistics were generated on the general characteristics of the subjects, and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to verify the normality of the data. Because of the lack of normality, the data were analyzed using a nonparametric method and the significance level was set to 0.05. Measurements of the duration of the forward gait cycle (s) in the turn test and the forward gait speed (m/s) in the walk test indicated improved walking ability after the TR program (p < 0.001); the stride length (% height) also increased significantly (p < 0.05). The walk test revealed a significant effect of the program on the duration of the forward gait cycle (p < 0.05), while there were significant improvements on the left and right of the elaborated strides (p < 0.001). No significant improvement in TUG test performance was observed after the TR program. In this study, an 8-week TR program had positive results on gait. Therefore, further research is merited, where TR programs are likely to improve the walking ability of individuals with intellectual disabilities.