• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.264-269
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• 2008

본 논문은 수평 이중관식 열교환기 내 프레온계 냉매의 대체냉매인 탄화수소계 냉매(R-290과 R-600a)의 증발 열전달 계수에 대한 실험적 결과를 나타내었다. 증발기의 내관 내경은 각각 10.07 mm와 6.54 mm의 2가지를 사용하였다. 증발실험은 질량유속 $35.5{\sim}210.4\;kg/m^2s$이고, 냉각용량 $0.95{\sim}10.1\;kW$인 조건에서 수행하였다. 실험결과를 요약하면, 탄화수소계 냉매 R-290과 R-600a의 증발 열전달 계수가 프레온계 냉매 R-22보다 높았다. 즉, R-22의 증발 열전달 계수에 비해, R-290와 R600a는 각각 $56.7{\sim}70.1%$와 $46.9{\sim}59.7%$ 정도 높았다. 실험데이터와 종래의 상관식을 비교한 결과, 모든 냉매와 관경에 대해서 Kandlikar상관식이 가장 좋은 일치를 보였다.

• 드라이브 ㆍ 컨트롤
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.30-35
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• 2024

Domestic rice is more expensive than imported products, so it is necessary to reduce production costs to secure competitiveness. Low-density planting developed in Japan is a cultivation technology that reduces labor and production costs without yield loss. The area of low-density cultivation is continuously increasing. However, research on how rice transplanters adapt to low-density planting has not been conducted. Therefore, this study was carried out to determine the optimal working conditions of a rice transplanter for low-density planting. Three types of rice transplanters were used and treated based on 3 conveying distance levels. The number of picked seedlings, pick missing rate, the number of planted seedlings, and the mis-planted rate were investigated to evaluate planting accuracy according to the transfer distance to the seedling tray. The results showed that the number of planted seedlings was 4.31~4.95 EA with an L1 seedling tray transfer distance (horizontal 9 mm, vertical 8 mm), but the mis-planted rate was higher than in other conditions. At L2 (horizontal 9 mm, vertical 10 mm) and L3 (horizontal 11 mm, vertical 8 mm) transfer distance conditions, the number of planted seedlings were 4.89-5.68 EA and 4.69-5.66 EA, respectively, with a low mis-planted rate of less than 3%. The results showed that if the transfer distance is adjusted properly, a rice transplanter can be used for low-density planting with high planting accuracy.

• 한국연소학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.19-29
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• 1996

This study is to investigate the characteristics of heat transfer of a horizontal tube, with radial fins of various configuration, immersed in a high temperature fluidized bed. The experimental heat transfer variation is compared with that of a smooth tube. The finned tubes and smooth tube, with outside and inside diameter of 48.6mm and 30.6mm, are made of steel tubes. The depth of the fin is 5mm, the rake angles of fin are $25^{\circ},\;35^{\circ},\;45^{\circ}$ and the widthes of fin for each rake angle are 0mm, 1mm, 2mm and 3mm. A bed temperature is fixed at $880\;{\pm}\;10^{\circ}C$. A granular refractory(silica sand) is used as a bed material with mean particle diameters of 1.22mm and 1.54mm. The maximum heat transfer coefficient is achieved with the rake angle of $25^{\circ}$ and the width of 0mm for the mean particle size 1.22mm. The coefficient is 2.14 times larger than that for a smooth tube. The rake angle for the maximum heat transfer coefficient depends on the particle size of bed material. Also the transfer coefficient decreases as the width of fin increases.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.210-217
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• 1999

This paper reports the experimental results on heat transfer characteristics of R-22 and R-407C(HFC-32/125/134a 23/25/52 wt%) condensing inside horizontal smooth and finned tubes. The test condensers used In the study are double pipe heat exchangers of 7.5 mm ID, 9.5 mm OD smooth tube, and 60 finned micro-fin tube with 8.53 mm ID, 9.53 mm OD. Each of these tubes was 4 000 mm long tubes connected with an U-bend. These U type two-path test tubes are divided In 8 local test sections for the identification of the local condensing heat transfer characterisitcs and pressure drop, U-bend effects on condensing flows. Inlet quality is maintained 1.0, and refrigerant mass velocity is varied from 102.0 to $301.0kg/m^2{\cdot}s$. From the results, it was found that the pressure drop of the R-407C Increased, and heat transfer coefficient decreased compared to those of R-22. In comparison condensing heat transfer characteristics of micro-fm tube with those of smooth tube, increasing of condensing heat transfer coefficient was found outstanding compared to the increasing ratio of pressure drop. Furthermore, pressure drop In U-bend showed at most a 30 % compared to the total pressure drop in the test section.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.1156-1164
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• 2001

Evaporation heat transfer coefficients and pressure drops were measured for smooth and micro-fin tubes with R-22 and R-410A. Heat transfer measurements were performed for 3.0m long horizontal tubes with nominal outside diameters of 9.52 and 7.0mm over an evaporating temperature range of -15 to 5$\^{C}$, a mass flux range of 68 to 211kg/㎡s, and a heat flux range of 5 to 15kW/㎡. It was observed that the heat transfer coefficient increased with mass flux. Evaporation heat transfer coefficients of R-22 and R-410A increased as the evaporating temperature dropped at a lower heat flux. Generally, R-420A showed the higher heat transfer coefficients than R-22 in the range of low mass flux, high heat flux and high evaporating temperature. Pressure drop increased with a decrease of evaporating temperature and a rise of mass flux. Pressure drop of R-22 was higher than that of R-410A at the same mass flux.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.74-83
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• 2007

This paper presents the experimental results of evaporation heat transfer coefficients of HC refrigerants (e.g. R290 and R600a). R-22 as a HCFCs refrigerant and R-l34a as a HFCs refrigerant in horizontal double pipe heat exchangers, having four different inner diameters of 10.07, 7.73, 6.54 and 5.80 mm respectively. The experiments of the evaporation process were conducted at mass flux of $35.5{\sim}210.4 kg/m^2s$ and cooling capacity of $0.95{\sim}10.1 kW$. The main results were summarized as follows : The average evaporation heat transfer coefficient of hydrocarbon refrigerants(R-290 and R-600a) was higher than the refrigerants, R-22 and R-l34a. In comparison with R-22 the evaporation heat transfer coefficient of R-l34a is approximately $-11{\sim}8.1 %$ higher. R-290 is $56.7{\sim}70.1 %$ higher and R-600a is $46.9{\sim}59.7 %$ higher. respectively. In comparison with experimental data and some correlations, the evaporation heat transfer coefficients are well predicted with the Kandlikar's correlation regardless of a type of refrigerants and tube diameters.

• 대한설비공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한설비공학회 2008년도 동계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.262-268
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• 2008

The present paper dealt with flow heat transfer characteristics of R-410A vaporization in horizontal smooth microchannel. The test sections were made of stainless steel tube with inner diameters of 300 mm and length of 300 mm. The refrigerant was supplied with mass flux range of 260-600 kg/$m^2s$ and applied under operating heat flux range of 5-20 kW/$m^2$ using a direct electric current heating method. The in let saturation temperature was set at $10^{\circ}C$ and vapor quality up to 1.0. The influences of mass flux, heat flux and inner tube diameter on local heat transfer coefficients were presented. Comparison with existing heat transfer coefficient correlations was performed. An improved heat transfer coefficient correlation for refrigerant vaporization in microchannel based on superposition model was developed with a mean deviation of 14.01%.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.197-206
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• 1990

본 연구에서는 수평등온평면의 가장자리에 주위물의 온도와 동일한 수평등온 평판을 부착한 모델을 사용하여 수평평면 선단의 하부에서 유체가 상부로 유입되는 것 을 방지함으로서 특별한 가정없이 단열평판의 선단에서의 경계조건을 직접 구할 수 있 었다.그리고 기존 밀도식의 복잡성과 신뢰도를 개선한 Gebhart등의 밀도식을 사용 하여 수치해석결과의 신뢰도를 증진하였다. 유한착분법을 사용하여 수평등온평면 주 위에서 일어나는 자연대류에 대한 기배방정식을 수치계산하여 주위물의 온도변화가 유 선분포, 온도분포, 국소열전달계수 및 평균 Nusselt수에 미치는 영향을 구명하였고, 상향 및 하향 수평등온면 주위에서 일어나는 자연대류의 유동형태와 열전달 특성을 비 교 검토하였다.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.81-90
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• 2013

이 연구에서는 합성보의 수평 접합면에 대한 수평전단력 저항성능을 평가하기 위하여 6개의 접합면 전단성능 실험체를 대상으로 접합면의 표면상태, 전단철근의 보강량과 상세 등의 구조변수에 대한 수평전단강도를 평가하였다. 휨압축파괴를 나타낸 SF-291B를 제외한 모든 실험체는 실험계획에서 의도한 대로 접합면의 수평전단력에 의한 전단파괴를 나타내었다. 설계기준식의 수평전단력 전달 또는 전단마찰 설계법으로 산정한 접합면 전단강도는 실험체의 수평전단 파괴를 초래한 접합면의 수평전단내력을 양호한 수준으로 평가하는 것으로 나타났으며, PCI 설계기준에서 제시한 전단철근의 배근상세와 정착길이는 접합면에서 요구되는 수평전단성능을 확보할 수 있다고 판단된다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.143-151
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• 2000

In order to clarify the effect of tube orientation on pool boiling heat transfer, the experiments were carried out for the saturated pool boiling of water at atmospheric pressure. Through the tests a series of data sets for heat flux versus wall superheat has been obtained using various combinations of tube diameters (D=9.7 $\~$25.4mm)， surface roughness ($\varepsilon$=15.1$\~$60.9nm)， and tube orientations (horizontal and vertical). ηei experimental results show that the slope of heat flux versus wall superheat becomes smaller than that of the horizontal tube as the surface roughness decreases from $\varepsilon$=60.9 to $\varepsilon$=15.1nm. Such that， two curves for the horizontal and vertical tubes cross each other in accordance with surface roughness and the crossing point can be suggested as q" = ‘-4.768+1.334$\varepsilon$+0.055${\varepsilon}^2$.