• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.3-11
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• 2018

This study aims to investigate whether there is intensionally changing eye - gaze on the cafe space images with floor finishing materials. In the Yarbus' experiment, he argued that changing information that an observer is asked to obtain from an image changes pattern of eye movements. Based on the scan path evidence, this research have questions as (1) the difference of visual attention on finishing floor material stimulus, (2) visual attention of initial activity time and type of movement paths on AOIs, and (3) visual relation floor area with another AOIs. Eye movements were recorded with the SMI REDn Scientific, which sampled eye position at 30Hz and lasted 2 minutes(120s). Although viewing was binocular, only the right eye was tracked. Of the 66 observers(mean age 22 years, standard deviation: ${\pm}1.82$) who participated in the experiment done by the four point calibration and validation procedures at the beginning tasks. Analyzing qualitative data from the number of fixation and duration on AOIs divided into four parts (AOI I-Floor, AOI II-Wall, AOI III-Ceiling, and AOI IV-Counter) in the stimulus. The results from this experiment analyzed as follows. First, it was significant in the difference of the average number of AOIs fixation times observed for the spatial image using the wood tile flooring material and the polishing tile. The wood tile flooring of stimulus had higher fixation number on AOI-II, AOI-III, and AOI-IV than the polishing tile. On seeing AOI-I was higher attention in the polishing tile stimulus. Second, the observers examined AOI-II intensively in both stimuli. However, the visual intensity was also followed by on the AOI-IV and AOI-I in the wood tile flooring stimulus, and on AOI-I, AO-IV in the polishing tile. Third, visual attention data on each AOIs have divided into the time range of "5 sec" for both images. In the wood tile stimulus, the horizontal movement path followed by AOI-II, AOI-IV, and AOI-II. In the polished tile stimulus, the movement path followed by moving vertically to AOI-II, AOI-I, and AOI-II. This study approached meaningfully and found out the characteristics of visual attention, according to the different intentions of visual attention, the relationship pathways of visual mechanism appeared and also activated by eye-tracking experiments.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2009년도 하계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.327-327
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• 2009

ZnO with a large band gap (~3.37 eV) and exciton binding energy (~60 meV), is suitable for optoelectronic applications such as ultraviolet (UV) light emitting diodes (LEDs) and detectors. However, the ZnO-based p-n homojunction is not readily available because it is difficult to fabricate reproducible p-type ZnO with high hall concentration and mobility. In order to solve this problem, there have been numerous attempts to develop p-n heterojunction LEDs with ZnO as the n-type layer. The n-ZnO/p-GaN heterostructure is a good candidate for ZnO-based heterojunction LEDs because of their similar physical properties and the reproducible availability of p-type GaN. Especially, the reduced lattice mismatch (~1.8 %) and similar crystal structure result in the advantage of acquiring high performance LED devices. In particular, a number of ZnO films show UV band-edge emission with visible deep-level emission, which is originated from point defects such as oxygen vacancy, oxygen interstitial, zinc interstitial[1]. Thus, defect-related peak positions can be controlled by variation of growth or annealing conditions. In this work, the undoped ZnO film was grown on the p-GaN:Mg film using RF magnetron sputtering method. The undoped ZnO/p-GaN:Mg heterojunctions were annealed in a horizontal tube furnace. The annealing process was performed at $800^{\circ}C$ during 30 to 90 min in air ambient to observe the variation of the defect states in the ZnO film. Photoluminescence measurements were performed in order to confirm the deep-level position of the ZnO film. As a result, the deep-level emission showed orange-red color in the as-deposited film, while the defect-related peak positions of annealed films were shifted to greenish side as increasing annealing time. Furthermore, the electrical resistivity of the ZnO film was decreased after annealing process. The I-V characteristic of the LEDs showed nonlinear and rectifying behavior. The room-temperature electroluminescence (EL) was observed under forward bias. The EL showed a weak white and strong yellowish emission colors (~575 nm) in the undoped ZnO/p-GaN:Mg heterojunctions before and after annealing process, respectively.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제31권6_1호
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• pp.463-469
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• 2013

최근 FKP방식의 네트워크RTK 서비스가 개시되었으나 VRS방식과는 달리 아직 여러 측량분야에서 널리 적용되지 못하고 있다. VRS방식은 이동국GPS의 현재 위치를 서버에 전송하고 그 지점의 위치보정신호를 수신하는 양방향 통신체계로 인터넷 회선의 부하가 가중되므로 서버 용량과 동시 접속자 수에 따라 위치보정신호의 전송이 실패하거나 지연되는 문제가 있다. 이에 반해 FKP방식은 일종의 방송 시스템으로 VRS와 같이 이동국의 현재 위치를 서버에 전송하지 않고 사용자가 최 인근 상시관측소를 직접 선택하여 위치보정신호와 면 보정계수를 수신하는 단방향 통신체계로 운용된다. 따라서 FKP방식에서는 접속자 수와 관계없이 많은 사용자에 대한 위치보정 서비스가 가능하여 효율성이 매우 높으므로 경제적 측면에서 사용을 널리 확대할 필요가 있다. 이를 위해 본 실험에서는 FKP-RTK의 정확도를 평가하고자 전국 5개 지역에 설치된 통합기준점과 도시기준점을 대상으로 측위 실험을 실시하였다. 실험 결과, FKP 관측성과는 고시성과와 비교하여 대부분 ${\pm}6.2cm$이내의 평면오차 범위 내에 들었으므로 정밀한 구조물의 측설 등에는 사용이 어려운 반면 토공사 등의 시공측량에는 충분히 적용할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.221-238
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• 2004

Wall interactions of direct injection spray were investigated using laser-sheet imaging, shadowgraphy, wetted footprint and phase Doppler interferometry techniques. A narrow-cone high-pressure swirl injector is used to inject iso-octane fuel onto a plate, which has three different impact angles inside a pressurized chamber. Heated air and plate conditions were compared with unheated cases. Injection interval was also varied in the heated case to compare dry- and wet- wall impingement behaviors. High-speed macroscopic Mie-scattering images showed that presence of wall and air temperature has only minor effect on the bulk spray structure and penetration speed for the narrow-cone injector tested. The overall bulk motions of the spray plume and its spatial position at a given time are basically unaffected until a few millimeters before impacting the wall. The surface properties of the impact surface, such as the temperature, the presence of a preexisting liquid film also have a small effect on the amount of wetting or the wetted footprint; however, they have strong influence on what occurs just after impact or after a film is formed. The shadowgraph in particular shows that the plate temperature has a significant effect on vapor phase propagation. Generally, 10-20% faster horizontal vapor phase propagation is observed along the wall at elevated temperature condition. For impingement onto a preexisting film, more splash and evaporation were also observed. Contrary to some preconceptions, there is no significant splashing and droplet rebounding from surfaces that are interposed in the path of the DI gasoline spray, especially for the oblique impact angle cases. There also appears to be a dense spray front consists of large sac spray droplets in the oblique impact angle cases. The bulk of the spray is not impacted on the surface, but rather is deflected by it The microscopic details as depicted by phase Doppler measurements show that the outcome of the droplet impaction events can be significantly influenced. Only droplets at the spray front have high enough Weber numbers for wall impact to wet, splash or rebound. Using the sign of vertical velocity, the time-resolved downward droplets and upward droplets are compared. The Weber number of upward moving droplets, which seldom exceeds unity, also decreases as the impact angle decreases, as the droplets tend to impact less and move along the wall in the deflected spray plume.

• 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.6-17
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• 2013

최근 들어 기존의 녹색 바탕의 차량 번호판에서, 흰색 바탕의 신 차량 번호판으로 교체되고 있다. 하지만, 아직 기존의 차량 번호판이 신 차량 번호판으로 전면 교체 되지 않아 두 번호판 모두 사용되고 있기 때문에 주차 관리 시스템, 속도위반, 신호 위반 등 무인 카메라를 이용한 시스템에서, 기존 차량 번호판과 신 차량 번호판 특징에 맞는 인식 시스템이 요구된다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 기존의 녹색 번호판과 흰색 번호판 모두를 추출하고 인식 할 수 있는 알고리즘에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 다양한 환경에서 획득한 차량 영상으로부터 번호판 영역을 추출하기 위하여 형태학적 특징을 이용하였고, 추출된 번호판 영역의 수평, 수직 히스토그램과 문자의 상대적 위치 정보를 이용하여, 문자를 분리하였다. 최종적으로, 분리된 문자를 인식하기 위해 주성분 분석법(PCA : Principal Component Analysis)과 선형 판별 분석법(LDA : Linear Discriminant Analysis)을 적용하여 인식 시스템을 구성하였다. 실험 결과, 불규칙한 조명 상태에서도 상대적으로 높은 추출률과 문자 인식률을 나타내었다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.240-248
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• 2000

Objective : Spontaneous intracranial hypotension is a rarely reported syndrome of spontaneous postural headache associated with low CSF pressure and has rarely been demonstrated radiographically or surgically. But recently, it is being recognized with increasing frequency. The purpose of this study was to characterize clinical and imaging features, etiologic factors, and outcome in the spontaneous intracranial hypotension. Patients and Methods : We reviewed our experience with documented cases of spontaneous intracranial hypotension in 5 consecutive patients with orthostatic headaches from April 1998 to April 1999. Results : The mean age was 41 years(from 35 to 49 years). All patients had postural headaches, which were completely alleviated by recumbency position. Nausea, neck pain, horizontal diplopia, photophobia, and blurred vision were noted in some of the patients. Brain MRI showed diffuse pachymeningeal gadolinium enhancement, subdural collections of fluid, and descent of the brain. The opening pressure from lumbar puncture was $4cmH_2O$ or less in three of five patients whereas the opening pressure was within normal range in two patients. All patients underwent radioisotope cisternography and computerized tomographic myelography. On radioisotope cisternography, CSF leakage was suspected at the level of cervical area(1 patient), upper thoracic area(2 patients), mid-thoracic area(1 patient). Computed tomography myelography revealed extraarachnoid accumulation of contrast media(compatible finding with CSF leakage) at the level of cervical or thoracic area. In all patients, the symptoms resolved in response to supportive measures or epidural blood patch(1 patient). Conclusion : Spontaneous spinal CSF leakage is increasingly recognized as a cause of spinal postural headache. Most CSF leaks are located at the cervicothoracic junction or in the thoracic spine and can be demonstrated by variable diagnostic method. The condition is usually self-limiting and its prognosis is typically good.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.1462-1470
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• 2015

컨테이너 BIC-code란 국제 운송 및 복합적인 운송환경에서의 편의성을 위해 사용하고 있는 약속된 규약이다. BIC-code는 해상운송 컨테이너의 식별 부호이며 국가 code와 다양한 조작 등의 내용을 포함하고 있다. 해가 거듭될수록 항공, 해양을 통한 물류운송은 계속 증가하고 있으며 이에 따라 해당 물류를 처리하는 항만에서는 신속하고 정확한 처리가 요구되고 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 컨테이너의 BIC-code를 다중 이진화를 통해 영역을 추출하고 개별 code를 인식하는 방법을 제안한다. 코드 인식에 있어서, 기후 요소, 빛, 카메라 위치, 컨테이너의 색과 같은 다양한 요인으로 인해 고정된 임계값을 사용할 수 없다. 따라서 제안된 방법에서는 각 영상에 대해 다양한 임계값으로 인식을 수행하여 가장 우수한 인식 결과를 선택한다. 각 임계값에 대한 이진화, 레이블링, close연산을 통해 BIC-code의 가로, 세로 여부를 판단하여 잡음을 제거하고, 개별 code를 분리한다. 분리된 개별 code는 데이터베이스의 기본 자료와 템플릿 매칭을 통해 인식한다. 각 임계값에 대한 인식결과의 신뢰도를 측정하여 가장 신뢰도가 높은 결과를 선택하게 된다. 실험 결과를 통해 제안한 방법이 조명상황에 관계없이 컨테이너 BIC-code를 효과적으로 추출하고 인식함을 보인다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.91-102
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• 1979

The basic problem of the broiler industry is that of fluctuating prices, mainly thanks to unstable supply of and inelastic demand for products as usually indicated as a peculiarity of agricultural commodities. This particularly brings the producer to a great economic risk, because he has to sell products under the condition of pure competition, whereas others from whom he has to buy deal under the condition of oligopoly or even monopoly. Therefore, producers economic position is generally placed in the worst comparing others dealing with, which results in unbalanced economic status of elements involved in broiler operation and further obstruction of industry development as a whole. A certain type of business coordination to overcome such a problem should be measured in order to improve the efficiency of entire operation and thus assure the balanced industry development. The concept of the economic integration developed in modern business system had been adapted to U.S. poultry industry which became common later around the world as a means of stabilizing producers price and whole industry as well. There are two main typos of integration; horizontal and vertical The former refers to the general grouping of similar business units, eg. a hatchery tying with other hatchery, while the latter refers to the knitting together of two or more stages of economic activities, eg. tying together among units of hatching, fled milling, production, processing and marketing. By having the industry integrated, risk and uncertainty involved in various stages of operation could be diversified. The typo of integrating contract between producers and integrators include the share of profits, flat fee payment, feed conversion payment and salary basis. In the U.S., extensive changes in production, processing, and marketing during the last few decades have changed the thicken broiler industry from one of small, widely scattered farms to one that is largo, concentrated and efficient. More than 99 percent of all broilers produced are grown under contract and by integrated firms which vary in size of operation and complexity. About 84 percent of all production is concentrated in 10 States. Some of the other factors ;hat contributed to these choses arc costs, energy use, prices, processing, marketing and demand. No integrated broiler production system has yet been applied in Korea's poultry industry, thus all stages all broiler operation run independently seeking for its own profit. Consequently, producers price fluctuate very widely around the year even more than 50 percent in a few months. This also leads to disadvantages of material supplies, processors and distributors and enforce the industry unstable. The current economic environment in Korea seems that the time for broiler integration comes and as an ideal integrator, feed millers, food processors and producers group may be considered.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2005

다중빔 음향측심기는 수심의 3∼4배되는 주사 폭으로 넓은 지역을 동시에 측량하므로 자료의 정밀도와 작업효율성이 단빔 음향측심기보다 상대적으로 높다. 그러나 빔의 생성 및 계측 원리가 정교하여 탐사선의 움직임에 영향을 많이 받기 때문에 부가장치의 정확한 조정 작업이 필수적으로 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 다중빔 음향측심기의 정확도 향상을 목적으로 평탄 해저지형에서 빔의 중앙과 ± 45°의 빔각을 이루는 지역의 수심단면을 가시·통계적으로 분서한 결과, 관성센서의 진동과 부가장치의 오정렬에 의한 오차가 발생하여 부가장치에 대한 조정이 필요하였다. 따라서 방진재를 관성센서에 부착하여 선체로부터 받는 진동을 저감시키고, 선체 자세요소와 부가장치의 오프셋 값을 정밀 계측하여 수평자세요소 값으로 변환·정렬시켰다. 그 결과, ±45° 빔각 지역의 수심 정확도는 IHO S44의 1등급 수로측량 수준에서 특등급 수로측량 수준으로 향상되었으며, 오정렬에 의한 중첩구역의 물결무늬 현상도 현저히 감소하였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.167-174
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• 2020

본 연구는 세계적인 선수를 대상으로 남자 기계체조 도마 종목에서 로페즈 기술을 수행했을 때 성공 동작과 실패 동작에 따라 운동학적 차이를 비교 분석하였다. 연구대상은 올림픽 금메달리스트 YHS 선수(나이: 27세, 신장: 160cm, 체중: 53kg중)이였고, 14대의 적외선 고속카메라를 이용하여 도마 동작을 촬영하였다. 원하는 동작 자료획득과 분석을 위해 19mm 반사 마커 26개를 해부학적 주요지점에 부착시켰고, 15개 분절 신체모델을 사용하여 운동학적 변인 계산을 실시하였다. 분석 결과 첫째, 구름판 접촉구간에서 성공 동작의 소요시간이 실패 동작보다 길었으며, 성공 동작은 슬관절의 가동범위를 실패 동작보다 크게 하였다. 둘째, 제1비약에서 성공 동작과 실패 동작의 소요시간은 동일하였다. 성공 동작은 실패 동작보다 짧은 수평이동을 했으며, 높은 수직위치와 도마 착지각을 보였다. 셋째, 도마 접촉구간에서 성공 동작의 소요시간이 실패 동작보다 짧았다. 성공 동작은 도마접촉 순간에 실패 동작보다 좌측 견관절각을 크게 하였다. 넷째, 제2비약에서는 성공 동작의 소요시간이 실패 동작보다 길었으며, 긴 수평이동을 나타냈다. 성공 동작은 도마이륙 순간 우측 견관절각을 크게 하였고, 비틀기 각속도는 빨랐다. 종합하면 YHS 선수가 안정적인 로페즈 기술을 구사하기 위해서는 도마접촉 순간에 높은 자세로 진입하여 도마이륙 순간에서는 우측 견관절각을 크게하여 빠른 비틀기 각속도를 만들어야 한다. 최대높이와 착지 순간에서는 좌·우견관절각을 작게하여 관성모멘트를 줄이고 신체중심을 낮춰야 할 필요가 있다.