• Advances in nano research
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.159-169
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• 2013

A preparation method for gadolinium compound (GdC) nanoparticles coated with silica ($GdC/SiO_2$) is proposed. GdC nanoparticles were prepared with a homogeneous precipitation method at $80^{\circ}C$ using $1.0{\times}10^{-3}$ M $Gd(NO_3)_3$, 0.5 M urea and $0-3.0{\times}10^{-4}$ M ethylenediarinnetetraacetic acid disodium salt dihydrate (ETDA) in water. As a result of preparation at various EDTA concentrations, GdC nanoparticles with a size as small as $40.5{\pm}6.2$ nm, which were colloidally stable, were prepared at an EDTA concentration of $2.0{\times}10^{-4}$ M. Silica-coating of the GdC nanoparticles was performed by a St$\ddot{o}$ber method at $35^{\circ}C$ using $1.0-10.0{\times}10^{-3}$ M tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS), 11 M $H_2O$ and $1.5{\times}10^{-3}$ M NaOH in ethanol in the presence of $1.0{\times}10^{-3}$ M GdC nanoparticles. Performance of preparation at various TEOS concentrations resulted in production of $GdC/SiO_2$ particles with an average size of $106.1{\pm}11.2$ nm at a TEOS concentration of $5.0{\times}10^{-3}$ M. The gadolinium (Gd) concentration of $1.0{\times}10^{-3}$ M in the as-prepared $GdC/SiO_2$ particle colloid solution was increased up to a Gd concentration of 0.2 M by concentrating with centrifugation. The core-shell structure of $GdC/SiO_2$ particles was undamaged, and the colloid solution was still colloidally stable, even after the concentrating process. The concentrated $GdC/SiO_2$ colloid solution showed images of X-ray and magnetic resonance with contrast as high as commercial Gd complex contrast agents.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.241-251
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 등분포 하중을 받는 등방성 환형 섹터판의 지배방정식에 대한 새로운 해석적 해가 3차원 극좌표계에서 개발된다. 4차의 편미분방정식 형태를 가지는 지배방정식은 레비 타입 시리즈 해에 대한 가정과 그 후속적인 수학적 처리를 통해 4차의 상미분방정식으로 전환된다. 전환된 상미분방정식의 특성방정식에 대한 실수 영역 및 복소수 영역의 해를 해석적으로 구한 후 제차 및 비제차 방정식의 각 해의 조합으로 최종적인 지배방정식의 해가 완성된다. 개발된 해의 수렴성 및 정확성을 보여주기 위해 다양한 경계조건 및 내부 중심 각도를 가지는 판에 대한 예제 해석을 수행하였고 그 결과를 다른 해석적 연구결과와 비교하였다. 또한 개발된 해의 정확성을 확인하기 위하여 유한요소 프로그램인 ABAQUS를 이용한 탄성해석을 추가로 수행하여 그 결과를 비교하였다. 제안된 해로부터 결정된 환형 섹터판의 변위 및 모멘트 값은 여타의 해석적 및 수치적 접근방법으로 구한 값들과 비교해 본 결과 매우 높은 수준에서 일치하고 있음이 확인되었다.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.333-344
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 절리 암반 내 터널굴착 시 지하수 유출량 예측량이 실제 계측치와 큰 차이가 나는 이유 중 하나인 터널주변 절리암반의 투수계수의 감소 현상에 대해 논의하였다. 현재 터널 설계 시 일반적으로 사용되고 있는 지하수 유출량 산정식은 터널주변 암반이 등방, 균질하고 일정한 투수계수를 유지한다고 가정한다. 하지만, 실제로는 터널주변 절리암반의 투수계수는 터널주변 유효응력 상태에 따라 변화하며, 절리 내 지하수 흐름에 따라 다시 터널주변 유효응력 분포가 영향을 받는 수리-역학적 상호거동을 보인다. 터널굴착 직후 터널 접선방향 유효응력이 응력집중과 간극수압 감소로 인해 급증하고 그에 따라 절리의 닫힘현상이 발생하며, 결과적으로 터널인접 절리암반 링 구간에서 투수계수가 급격히 감소하게 된다. 이러한 터널인접 링 구간 내에서 상당히 큰 간극수압 감소가 발생하게 되어 터널주변 간극수압 분포는 등방 균질의 절리암반으로 가정한 산정식과 큰 차이를 보인다. 본 연구에서는 절리암반의 수리-역학적 상호거동의 개념을 도입하여 터널주변 간극수압 분포와 터널 내 지하수 유입량 산정방법을 제안하고 이를 수치해석을 통해 검증하였다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제40권7호
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• pp.690-695
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• 2003

고순도의 세라믹분말을 합성할 수 있는 용액 화학적 합성방법의 하나로서, 폴리머를 이용한 분말합성방법이 개발되었다. 본 연구에서는 PVA(Polyvinyl Alcohol)을 이용하여 니켈 알루미네이트(NiAl$_2$O$_4$) 분말을 합성하였다. PVA 첨가에 의하여 용액내의 금속 양이온들의 분산을 극대화하며, 순수한 니켈 알루미네이트를 얻기 위한 결정화 온도를 낮출 수 있었다. PVA 폴리머를 이용함으로써 분쇄가 용이한 부드러운 팽창성 분말을 얻을 수 있었으며, 볼 밀링에 의하여 약 300 nm의 크기를 보이는 좁은 입도의 미세한 분말이 얻어졌다 1$600^{\circ}C$, 1시간 소결에 의하여 4.35 g/㎤의 밀도를 보이는 치밀한 니켈 알루미네이트를 얻을 수 있었으며, 측정된 경도, 곡강도, 파괴인성 및 열팽창계수 값은 각각 14.2 ㎬, 304 ㎫, 4.8 ㎫.m$^{1}$2/과 9.8$\times$$10^{-6}$/$^{\circ}C$를 보였다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.325-331
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• 1993

Aqueous solutions of metallic salts, ZrO(NO3)2.2H2O and Y(NO3)3.5H2O were used as raw materials to synthesize crystalline submicron spherical powders of Zr0.94Y0.06O1.97 with tetragonal crystal phase. Each aqueous solution was mixed on the magnetic stirrer to homogenize for 12 hours. The concentration of the mixed solutionwas changed from 0.01mol/$\ell$ to 0.1mol/$\ell$ calculated as the concentration of Zr0.94Y0.06O1.97. Ultrafine droplets of starting mixed solution were sprayed by the ultrasonic vibrator and carried into the furnace kept at 55$0^{\circ}C$, $650^{\circ}C$, 75$0^{\circ}C$ and 85$0^{\circ}C$ using carrier gas of air (10$\ell$/min) and pyrolysed to form Y-TZP fine powders. The results of this exeriment were as follows. 1) Synthesized powders were nonagglomerated and spherical type. 2) Particle size distribution was narrow between 0.1${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ and 1${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. 3) Forming reaction Y-TZP was finished above synthetic temperature 75$0^{\circ}C$. 4) As the synthetic temperature rised from 55$0^{\circ}C$ to 85$0^{\circ}C$, the mean particle size decreased from 0.35${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ to 0.22${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in the concentration of starting solution with 0.02mol/$\ell$. 5) At 75$0^{\circ}C$ of synthetic temperature, the concentration changes of starting solution from 0.01mol/$\ell$ to 0.1mol/$\ell$ increased the mean particle size from 0.24${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ to 0.38${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. 6) Chemical compositions of each synthesized particle were homogeneous nearly.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권7호
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• pp.2167-2170
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• 2013

A low-cost and simple recycling process of waste thermoelectric modules has been investigated using chemical reduction methods. The recycling is separated by two processes, such as dissolving and reduction. When the waste thermoelectric chips are immersed into a high concentration of $HNO_3$ aqueous solution at $100^{\circ}C$, oxide powders, e.g., $TeO_2$ and $Sb_2O_3$, are precipitated in the $Bi^{3+}$ and $HTeO{_2}^+$ ions contained solution. By employing a reduction process with the ions contained solutions, $Bi_2Te_3$ nanoparticles are successfully synthesized. Due to high reduction potential of $HTeO{_2}^+$ to Te, Te elements are initially formed and subsequently $Bi_2Te_3$ nanoparticles are formed. The average particle size of $Bi_2Te_3$ was calculated to be 25 nm with homogeneous size distribution. On the other hand, when the precipitated powders reduced by hydrazine, $Sb_2O_3$ and Te nanoparticles are synthesized because of higher reduction potentials of $TeO_2$ to Te. After the washing step, the $Sb_2O_3$ are clearly removed, results in Te nanoparticles.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2003

A new method is introduced to build up organic/organic multilayer films composed of cationic poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and negatively charged poly (sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) using the spinning process. The adsorption process is governed by both the viscous force induced by fast solvent elimination and the electrostatic interaction between oppositely charged species. On the other hand, the centrifugal and air shear forces applied by the spinning process significantly enhances desorption of weakly bound polyelectrolyte chains and also induce the planarization of the adsorbed polyelectrolyte layer. The film thickness per bilayer adsorbed by the conventional dipping process and the spinning process was found to be about 4 ${\AA}$ and 24 ${\AA}$, respectively. The surface of the multilayer films prepared with the spinning process is quite homogeneous and smooth. Also, a new approach to create multilayer ultrathin films with well-defined micropatterns in a short process time is Introduced. To achieve such micropatterns with high line resolution in organic multilayer films, microfluidic channels were combined with the convective self-assembly process employing both hydrogen bonding and electrostatic intermolecular interactions. The channels were initially filled with polymer solution by capillary pressure and the residual solution was then removed by the .spinning process.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.49-55
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• 2001

The strategy of recovering metals from scrap is in general much different from primary sources. One of the main differences between the treatment of scrap and that of primary sources lies with the fact that metals are frequently associated with other met-als to form alloys in scrap, while metals occur in primary sources as oxides or sulfides. In this paper, factors affecting the dis-solution behavior of metals from various alloy systems have been reviewed and discussed. Specific examples have been drawn from Au/Ag, Au/cu and Ag/cu systems. Results of the dissolution behavior of various metals from these alloys have been reviewed and compared to the dissolution behavior of single metal systems in various lixiviants such as acids, cyanide and ammonia. It has been observed that the presence of other metals in alloys would significantly affect the dissolution rate of the metal in question. The leaching behavior of metals from homogeneous alloys relies on the chemical interaction between atoms in the lattice of the alloys, while that from heterogeneous alloys is affected by galvanic interaction established in the solution The manner in which the dissolution of a certain metal is influenced by surrounding metals has been discussed in terms of pas-sive and noble nature of the metal in relation to the neighboring metals. The role of the standard electrochemical Potential of these metals on the selective dissolution for a given lixiviant has also been discussed.

• 멤브레인
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.22-28
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• 2001

이온성 고분자에 비이온성 고분자를 섞어 이온 함량을 조절함으로써 다양한 전하량을 갖는 이온성 막을 제조하였다. 비이온성 고분자로는 폴리비닐알콜, 음이온성 고분자로는 알긴산 나트륨, 양이온성 고분자로는 키토산을 사용하였으며, 이들 이온성 고분자막을 사용하여 여러 전해질 수용액에 대한 투과 및 분리특성을 관찰하였다. 막 내부에 이온성 고분자 함량이 많을수록 친수성 특성을 보였으며, 순수투과 및 용액투과 속도가 증가함을 관찰할 수 있었고, 또한 투과속도는 막의 팽윤 거동에 의해 결정됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 용질 배제율의 경우는 막과 투과용질간의 정전기적 인력, 즉 Donnan exclusion에 의해 결정이 되며, 정전기적 인력이 비슷한 경우는 분자체 효과에 의해 분리됨이 관찰되었다.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.267-271
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• 2003

In this work, chemical solution derived Ca-doped zirconia fiber has been prepared by using calcium- and zirconium-naphthenate. Fibrous $ZrO_2$-CaO was drawn from a sticky mixture. Dried gel fibers were finally annealed at $1000^{\circ}C$ for 1 h in argon. 91 mol%$ZrO_2$-9 mol%CaO fiber consisted of tetragonal, monoclinic and $CaZrO_3$ phases after annealing at $1000^{\circ}C$. On the other hand, samples annealed at $500^{\circ}C$ consisted of almost tetragonal single phase. Homogeneous fibers surface at $500^{\circ}C$ became rougher after $1000^{\circ}C$-annealing. The sample annealed at $1000^{\circ}C$ with relatively rough surface structure showed a high Calcium phocphate forming ability.