• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1978

Ninety-three weaning children, 8-36 Mo. old wererandomly selected from rural areas of South Korea. Food and nutrient intake level were measured by the weighing-interview method for two consecutive days in December 1976. Their weaning pattern, dietary pattern, food and nutrient intake level were analyzed. A brief summary of 4he finding follows; 1) 80% of the rural children completed the weaning by the age of 24 months. 2) 44% of 8-12 month olds were living only on breast mil while the rest of the age group received regularly a supplementary food. 3) Over half of the 8-36 Mo old children investigated were receiving the same dietary pattern, arbitrarily called 'Diet K'. Diet K consists of rice-Kimchi-seasoning-oil which is the basic components of an average Korean adult diet. This very composition of the diet K and no other variety of food included inevitably result in low intake of vitamin A, iron, calcium and riboflavin for the children. 4) The weaning children were found to be taking all nutrients except niacin in amount far from sufficient to recommended level. Particularly low were the intakes of good quality protein, iron, vitamin A, riboflavin and vitamin C which met only 15%-37% of the recommended level for 12-36 Mo. olds. 5) It was concluded that majority of the rural children of weaning age in Korea are given the simple diet K and feeding the weaning children only with the basic dietary pattern of adults can not meet the nutritional requirements. This is a part of the study supported by the ROKG/USAID Health Planning Project.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.85-92
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• 2006

He purpose of this study was to provide basic data for improvement commercial kimchi quality. To examine the consciousness of commercial kimchi, college students residing in the Jeonnam area were selected and asked to questionnaires. Commercial kimchi samples used included a total of 7 kinds which were fermented for 2 week at $4^{\circ}C$. A sensory characteristics included 10 items with a 5-score scale: color, savory taste, carbonated taste, sour taste, hot taste, salty taste, bitter taste, off-flavor, texture, and overall preference. 76% of the whole student liked kimchi, especially well-fermented kimchi(43.2%) and kimchi with fermented fish(48.6%). Participants liked savory(21.6%), hot(17.1%), and crispy(14.4%) taste. Their most favorite kimchi was the whole cabbage kimchi(26.1%), wild lettuce kimchi(0.9%) and watery kimchi made of sliced radishes(1.8%) were low in preference. 56.8% of participants had no experience in making kimchi. They mainly bought commercial kimchi in grocery stores(37.8%) or shopping malls(29.7%). They pointed out the addition of artificial sweeter(35.1%), insanitation, and discredit of kimchi materials(21.6%) as problems of commercial kimchi. The sensory characteristics of commercial fresh kimchi was significantly different in color($2.6{\sim}4.1$), and hot($2.3{\sim}3.8$), and salty($2.6{\sim}3.5$) with p<0.001. The sensory characteristics of $4^{\circ}C$-fermented commercial kimchi for 2 week was significantly different in color($2.7{\sim}3.9$), and salty($2.1{\sim}4.0$) with p<0.001. It was found that color, and hot, and salty taste had the greatest effect on the overall preference in non-fermented kimchi, and color and salty taste, in 2 week fermented kimchi

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.629-638
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• 2014

This study was designed to investigate variables influencing the job satisfaction of visiting supervisors for multicultural families in charge of childcare services. It focused on personal characteristics including personal and job characteristics. The subjects in this study were 784 visiting supervisors for multicultural families in charge of childcare services in 140 multicultural family centers located across Korea. The job satisfaction of these visiting supervisors was measured using a self-administered questionnaire, and the collected data were analyzed using a frequency analysis, analysis of variance, and post hoc tests. The findings of this study were as follows: first, these visiting supervisors showed a relatively high level of job satisfaction. However, the job satisfaction subscales of treatment and salary were relatively low. Second, the results revealed significant differences in effects of the variables related to the personal characteristics of the visiting supervisors, such as their age, education level, and their major in college, on their total job satisfaction and subscales (job performance, treatment and salary, work ethic and aptitude). Finally, the results revealed significant differences in the effects of the variables related to the job characteristics of the visiting supervisors, such as their responsibilities, career, number of children to handle, and age of children to handle, on the total job satisfaction and subscales (treatment and salary, relationship with caregivers).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.65 no.4
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• pp.76-90
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• 2015

Based on a concept of Nietzschean nihilism, this study aimed at interpreting the nihilism in arts and its expressions, also analyzing the modern fashion collection from the same angle. The research was centered on arts after 1980, when post-modern formal destruction expanded in earnest and on the fashion collection after the 20th century, easily accessible to data. Particularly, it set 1994 nihilism collection by Alexander McQueen, a representative nihilist fashion designer as a starting point. Nietzsche mentioned that true arts may be achieved when Apollonian characteristics including a bodily sensory system and an idealization process and Dionysian characteristics including every human feeling are integrated. Besides, he emphasized the importance of an artist being represented as an image of ${\ddot{U}}bermensch$. The ${\ddot{U}}bermensch$ image, reflected in arts and artistic nihilism, represents themes of violence/death, realistic/unrealistic expressions, human body/inhuman aversion materials and the transmutation of a form. Fashion collection expressions, owing to the special characteristic of the show form unlike other arts, were segmented as a realistic ${\ddot{U}}bermensch$ image using a model in a theme, expression, material and form. The theme of violence/death was divided into the death of human and a society. Human life/death was expressed as destruction of human weakness and self-identity, sexual objectification and violence, and social death as destruction and conflict of a class, nation, culture and nature. As for the expression, it was divided into the realistic expression of the primitive/natural and directing of an unrealistic atmosphere using a show.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.57-89
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• 2008

Using the data of 'middle-and old-aged people' in the 6th year(2003) of KLIPS(Korea Labor and Income Panel Study), this study compared entirely retired men's income source and amount of income divided by the time of retirement and analyzed the determinants of main income source and amount of income level using Multinomial Logit Analysis and Tobit Analysis. The results of these were as following; First, Entirely retired men has average 1.27 income source and the amount of income from main income source is positioned at 85% of total income. This result indicates the lack of variety to get opportunities of income sources for the living and also means high risk associated with the entirely retired men if he looses the main income source. Second, most of income source of entirely retired men is spouse's earned income or private income transfers, however, if we divide those as timing of retirement and characters of each individual, it is represented that the most of income source is differentiated by the position at labor market during work life and the opportunity for building the wealth, and the possibility of obtaining public pension and public support. Third, the income level depends on what sort of income source the retired men has, this shows that there is not a strong relationship between obtaining a Income source and gaining above the certain level of income.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.289-299
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• 1997

This study was performed with survay in the field and literature. The result were; 1. In Vietnam, They took their meal in three times a day. They have taken Nuoc nam (fish sauce) with sliced red pepper, half a lime, etc... in every day every night. Fish Sauce was prepared with small fish (generally fresh- water fish), the same amount of salt, and stored in 8 months, and made filltered fluid. It's Nuoc mam. They have gained protein sauce from it. 2. Their basic menu were composed with rice, soup, food with marine products and meat (generally pork), various vegetables, tropical fruit. 3. Food of cereals were Com Trang (white rice), Pho (rice noodle), Chao (rice gruel), Banh Trang (rice paper), Banh mi (bread) etc... Food of meat were Ho sua, Banh bao chien (barbecued little pork), Suon Nuon (grilled pork), Cha Lua (sausage of pork) etc..., Thit be nhung (grilled beef, Dog meat, Chicken, Duck, Frog. Food of fish were generally fresh-water fish, Ca Chien (grilled fish), Canh chua (soup with sour taste), Ca chem chung (steamed fish with fragrant vegetable), Lobster, Crab, Oyster, Cuttlefish, Shellfish, etc... Food of vegetables were Doa Hanh (Kimchi with a welsh onion), Rau xao hon hop (roasted vegetables), Goi Tom (salad), Canh he dau hu (soup) etc..., and They took much food of trophical fruit, Tra (Tea), Coffee, Lua Moi (distilled liquor). 4. For example, Their Daily meal were composed of Sup Bong Ca (Soup), Heo Sua, Banh Bao Chien (barbecued little Pork), Top Hap (steamed shrimp), Cua (steamed Crab), Luon Um (bioled a fresh-water eel), Lau Thap Cam, Hai Sam Sac Nam Dong Co, Trai Cay.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.1-7
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• 1982

Baik-Eui is the white clothes and Korean typical way of wearing, Baik-Eui was used by the over 80$\~$90 percents of people, which proves that Baik-Eui was the very clothes of common people. Moreover, even King himself in Koryo Dynasty is said to have worn white clothes when he was out of official hours. And wearing Baik-Eui was regarded as polite manners among the noble men in Yi Dynasty in spite of strict prohibitions of wearing it. That fact proves that it was loved by Korean people in general. Baik-Eui can be found its origin from many peoples of North East Asia in ancient time. Some say that wearing Baik-Eui is considered as a kind of worship of the sun, or purity of Korean people. But from the economical point of view, Baik-Eui was primitive in it's color. It means that their clothes were made from original clothes, not dyed. This study on the social reasons affecting to Baik-Eui, they are summarized as follows; 1. This Baik-Eui had been originated from the ancient economical and rigid circumstances of society. Everlasting poverty and diprivation of joy in life of Korean naturally made them have inclination of wearing it 2. Also common people were restricted in their choice of dress color by government. Even rich could not wear a colored clothes except the dyes permitted by them. 3. Socially, People wore white clothes through various kinds of ceremony, among which funeral was the most important. As we had the large family system, and usually the funeral at that time was longer in its period than now. Thus, Korean got accustomed to wear whit clothes more and more.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.599-613
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality characteristics of white pan bread added with wheat sprout powder without treatment (WP) and wheat sprout powder with only enzyme treatment (WPE), only lactic acid bacteria treatment (WPL) and enzyme and lactic acid bacteria treatment (WPE&L). The three different powder concentration levels of 1%, 3%, and 5% were added to flour to produce the white pan bread. The bread volume and specific volume of the WPE&L group were the highest among all the addition groups. The bread weight, a-value, and b-value of the WP group was highest among all the addition groups, but the bread baking loss and the L-value of the WP group was the lowest among all the addition groups. The texture measurements indicated that the hardness, gumminess, and chewiness values of the bread were the highest in the WP group. The sensory evaluation test showed that bread in the WPE&L group with 3% wheat sprout powder was the best among all the samples studied. Based on our findings, we suggest that the enzyme and lactic acid bacteria pretreated wheat sprout powder is an effective ingredient for improving the overall quality of white pan bread.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.175-187
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to recognize the real situation of clothing construction to present the desirable direction to establish more scientific and reasonable themes of the study by analysis of the tendency of the clothing construction study. For this purpose, 402 papers on the theme of clothing construction study were excepted from the first issues to the issues of December in 1999 of Journal of Korea Society of Clothing and Textile, Journal of Korea Home Economics, Journal of the Korean Society of Costume, Research Journal of the Costume Culture, Journal of the Korean Fiber Society, and Journal of the Human Engineering Society of Korea. I analyzed and classified the theme into eight issues of design related clothing construction, study of body types, study of patterns, size of apparel, fitting of clothing, protective clothing and functional clothing, sewing, and the clothes. The result of the study is follows. 1. The distribution tendency of the clothing construction study by the journal of each society showed that journal of Korean Home Economic is 22.9%, Journal of Korea Society of Clothing and Textiles 17.3%, Research Journal of the Costume Culture 12.2%, and Journal of the Korean Society of Costume 6.2%. 2. The distribution tendency of the studying issues showed hat study of body types of 29.4%, study of patterns21.9%, fitting of clothing 11.7%, sewing 10.2%, size of apparel 8.5%, and others 7%, protective clothing and functional clothing 6.7%, and design related clothing construction 4.7%. Considering the above result. we can understand that study of body types and patterns are being studied most actively. 3. Regarding the study tendency by academic issues showed that study of construction elements and design application is chiefly centered of the study of design related clothing construction (35.5%), analysis of body types is centered of the study of body, type(46/6%), CAD is centered of the study of patterns (31.1%), and size spec for the ready made patterns is centered of the study of size of apparel(32.4%). As for fitting of clothing, the study was performed in two ways on the changes of he surfaces of human bodies in motion and the functional features of experimental dressing. Regarding the study of sewing study of fusible interlining was mainly performed (36.6%) and regarding the study of protective clothing and functional clothing, study of brassieres and underwear was chiefly performed.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.173-181
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• 1969

Since 1959 ${\beta}-aminoethylphosphonic$ acid was discovered in the living organism, the biosynthesis and biological functions of aminophosphonic acids have been extensively studied. The author designed and carried out this study for 14 weeks to find out the metabolic function of Ethylaminophosphonic acid (AEP) and it's utilization in the living body. Sixty rats, thirty males and thirty females aged $40{\pm}5$ days were divided into two parts, one for alanine supplemented as control group and the other for AEP as experimental group to compare metabolic pathway of ordinary amino acid with that of AEP. Both alamine and AEP group were divived into two subgroups according to the level of supplements, 0.1% and 0.2% of the diet. The major components of the diet in this study were composed of 20% casein, 72% Sugar, 4% fat, 4% salt Mixture, and all kind of Uitamins in adeguate amount. For comparision of biological values between experimental and control group in terms of body weight, uninary nitrogen, creatinine excretion and final orgam weight, there were no statically significant difference in these respects. This meant AEP could be utilized in the body as much as alanine could. Urinary phosphorus excretion was determined by developing the blue color to read on the Spectronic 20. Statistically insignificance in the urinary phosphorus excretion between experimental and control group was observed in spite of the supplementation of phosphorus of AEP for experimental group in the diet. The level of blood phosphorus was higher in experimental group than that in control group this result supported above result. In the analysis of fat and nitrogen contents in the liver, AEP group showed slightly higher than control in both respects. But it was noteworthy 0.2% AEP group in both sex were higher than 0.1% AEP in liver fat content. Histological examinal of internal organs liiver, lung, spleen, heart, kindey, adrenal and sex organs showed no changes in all groups included in this study. The group supplemented higher level of diet. by alanine 0.2% and AEP 0.2% stayed on less body weight gain and lower liver weight. This result could be interpreted that amino acid imbalanced condition was arose in the body.