• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.173-176
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• 2000

This study was carried out to investigate the filtration characteristics of membrane modules according to hollow fiber dispersion for direct solid-liquid separation of activated sludge. 2 bundle, 4 bundle, and 10 bundle, and 10 bundle module used in this experiment according to hollow fiber dispersion was manufactured at laboratory and permeate flux and transmembrane pressure(TMP) of each module were observed under a suction pressure of 0.5kgf/c$m^2$. As the hollow fibers were dispersed, permeate flux was increased and TMP was decreased. Permeate flux and TMP of each module was 15.0 $\ell$/$m^2$.h and 31.8 cmHg for 2 bundle, 16.0 $\ell$/$m^2$ .h and 17.4 cmHg for 4 bundle, and 20.4 $\ell$/m2 .h and 31.8 cmHg for 10 bundle. In conclusion, the membrane fouling is expected to be decrease by maintaining lower TMP with hollow fiber dispersion.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.257-266
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• 2013

The main purpose of this study is to develop a commercial scale of pervaporative process equipped with hollow fiber membrane modules, being able to effectually purify organic solvent at high temperature well over its boiling point under high vapor pressure. Three constituent technologies have been developed; 1) to fabricate braid-reinforced hollow fiber membrane stable in high pressure and high temperature application, 2) to design and fabricate a commercial scale of hollow fiber membrane module, and 3) to design and fabricate a pilot scale of pervaporation equipment system. The developed hollow fiber membrane possesses a membrane performance superior to the membrane of Sulzer (Germany) which is the most-well known for pervaporation process, and the membrane module equips hollow fiber membranes of $4.6m^2$ and the pervaporation system can treat organic liquid at 200 L/h, which is based on the dehydration of 95 wt% isopropyl alcohol (IPA). Since the membrane module is designed to flow in and pass through the inside of individual hollow fiber membrane, not to involve both the formation of feed's dead volume observed in flat-sheet membrane module and the channeling of feed occurring inside hollow fiber bundle which lower membrane performance seriously, it showed excellent separation efficiency. In particular, the module is inexpensive and has less heat loss into its surrounding, in compared with flat-sheet membrane module. In addition, permeant can be removed effectively from the outer surface of hollow fiber membrane because the applied vacuum is conveyed uniformly through space between fibers into respective fiber, even into one in the middle of the hollow fiber bundle in which the space between fibers is uniform in distance. Since the hollow fiber membrane pervaporation system is the first one ever developed in the world, our own unique proprietary technology can be secured, preoccupying technical superiority in export competitive challenges.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.915-922
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• 2008

The gas separation technology using membrane is widely used to refine various gases in many industry fields and recently is being applying in $CO_2$ recovery technology. In the gas and chemical tanker. nitrogen generators for inerting, purging and padding are on board and most of them have membrane modules of hollow fiber type with long life and vibration resisting properties. Because a membrane module is a key component accounting for 50% of total manufacturing cost of nitrogen generator, adequate selection for it is an important problem. In this paper, the flow performance coefficient based on dimension and specification data of membrane module was relatively selected to compare nitrogen generating capacity of module and various performance tests about the selected PARKER ST6010 membrane module were conducted. As a result, the useful coefficient and basic data in selecting a membrane module were achieved.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.339-346
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• 2017

In this study, thermal performance test of VMD module was performed, prior to the construction of the demonstration plant using the vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) module of the capacity of $400m^3/day$ and to the commercialization of the VMD module. For the thermal performance test, the experimental equipment of capacity of $2m^3/day$ was constructed. The permeate flux test and thermal performance test according to feed water conditions such as temperature and flow rate were conducted. The VMD module used in the study was manufactured by ECONITY Co., LTD with PVDF hollow fiber membrane. As a result, the Performance Ratio (PR) of the VMD module showed the maximum value of 0.904 under the condition of feed water temperature of $75^{\circ}C$ and flow rate of $8m^3/h$. PR value of the VMD module using PVDF hollow fiber membrane showed linearly increasing relationship with feed water temperature and flow rate. Also, The permeate flux of the VMD module was analyzed to have maximum value of 18.25 LMH and the salt rejection was 99.99%.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.257-267
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• 2003

For the treatment of reactive phenolic resin waste, a simulation model of pervaporative dehydration process has been developed through hollow fiber membrane module. Some of basic parameters were determined directly from dehydration of the waste liquid through a flat sheet membrane to get realistic values. The simulation model was verified by comparing the simulated values with experimental data obtained from hollow fiber membrane module. Hollow fiber membranes with active layer coated on inside fiber were used, and feed flew through inside hollow fiber. Feed flow rate affected membrane performances and reaction by providing a corresponding temperature distribution of feed along with fiber length. Feed temperature is also a crucial factor to determine dehydration and reaction behavior by two competing ways; increasing temperature increases permeation rate as well as water formation rate. Once the permeate pressure is well below the saturated vapor pressure of feed, permeate pressure had a slightly negative effect on permeation performance by slightly reducing driving force. As the pressure approached the vapor pressure of feed, dehydration performances declined considerably due to the activity ratio of feed and permeate.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.84-94
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• 1997

The performances of both module sets made by different methods for helical module were compared. All experiments were conducted simultaneously at the same transmembrane pressure and energy cosumption per membrane area. The effects of Dean vortices for reducing concentration polarization and fouling were low for the first module set. The increase of 115% for permeate flux improvement(permeate flux difference ${\times}100$/pemeate flux of linear module) was measured. The second module set was more effective in reducing concentration polarization and fouling.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.313-319
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• 2016

In this study, the performance experiment was conducted to compare the permeate flux of hollow fiber Vacuum Membrane Distillation module according to leak problem between module housing and membrane bundle. For the permeate flux performance experiment of the two Vacuum Membrane Distillation modules, the Lab-scale experimental equipment was built in the capacity of $1m^3/day$. The performance test of the two Vacuum Membrane Distillation modules were analyzed according to the feed water conditions. As a result, it was analyzed that the leak VMD module decreased about 14% of permeate flux than normal VMD module.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.35-50
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• 2017

The theoretical membrane gas absorption module treatments in a hollow fiber gas-liquid membrane contactor using Happel's free surface model were obtained under countercurrent-flow operations. The analytical solutions were obtained using the separated variable method with an orthogonal expansion technique extended in power series. The $CO_2$ concentration in the liquid absorbent, total absorption rate and absorption efficiency were calculated theoretically and experimentally with the liquid absorbent flow rate, gas feed flow rate and initial $CO_2$ concentration in the gas feed as parameters. The improvements in device performance under countercurrent-flow operations to increase the absorption efficiency in a carbon dioxide and nitrogen gas feed mixture using a pure water liquid absorbent were achieved and compared with those in the concurrent-flow operation. Both good qualitative and quantitative agreements were achieved between the experimental results and theoretical predictions for countercurrent flow in a hollow fiber gas-liquid membrane contactor with accuracy of $6.62{\times}10^{-2}{\leq}E{\leq}8.98{\times}10^{-2}$.

• Journal of Drive and Control
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.66-71
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• 2019

In this study, flow analysis and dehumidification experiments were performed on hollow fiber membrane module to confirm the dehumidification characteristics for its different configurations. The CFD for the three different models was conducted using $30^{\circ}C$ temperature and 30%RH inlet humidity for quantitative analysis. Each model has different shape parameters i.e. the number of baffles. Comparison between flow analysis results and dehumidification experiment results revealed a percentage error of about 5%. The difference in relative humidity between the inlet and outlet for each model was calculated using flow analysis data. It was established that the difference in relative humidity of the inlet and outlet for the refined model with three baffles was highest among the three modeled modules of hollow fiber membrane module, i.e. around 9%.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.137-147
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• 2017

A water treatment utility in South Korea operates a large system of pressurized hollow fiber membrane (PHFM) modules. The optimal selection of membrane module for the full scale plant was critical issue and carried out using Risk-based Life Cycle Cost (RbLCC) analysis based on the historical data of operation and maintenance. The RbLCC analysis was used in the process of decision-making for replacing aged modules. The initial purchasing cost and the value at risk during operation were considered together. The failure of modules occurs stochastically depending on the physical deterioration with usage over time. The life span of module was used as a factor for the failure of Poisson's probability model, which was used to obtain the probability of failure during the operation. The RbLCC was calculated by combining the initial cost and the value at risk without its warranty term. Additionally, the properties of membrane were considered to select the optimum product. Results showed that the module's life span in the system was ten years (120 month) with safety factor. The optimum product was selected from six candidates membrane for a full scale water treatment facility. This method could be used to make the optimum and rational decision for the operation of membrane water purification facility.