• 한국표면공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국표면공학회 2015년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.136-136
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• 2015

2007년 일본에서 지갑전화나 지상파 디지털TV 방송기능을 탑재한 휴대전화개발에 힘을 쏟고 있을 무렵, 해외에서 컴퓨터에 가까운 스마트폰이라는 다기능단말기 개발이 진행되고 있었다. 스마트폰은 젊은이를 중심으로 인기가 높아지고 있다. 휴대전화를 시작으로 정밀전자기기에는 인쇄배선판(이하, PWB: Printed Wiring Board)이 내장되어 있다. PWB는 향후 하이브리드차나 전기자동차의 발전과 함께, 차량탑재 수요도 높아질 것이다. 본고에서는 PWB를 지탱하는 동 도금 Via Hole메움에 대하여 기술하였다.

• 셀메드
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.36.1-36.4
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• 2012

This study was carried out to investigate the neurobehavioural effects of the smoking of Carica papaya leaves based on ethnopharmacological information. Twenty -four rats used for the study were grouped into four groups namely; Groups 1 (Control, unexposed to any smoke) and Groups 2 - 4 (exposed to smoke from varying amount of pawpaw leaf powder). Groups 2, 3, and 4 were exposed to smoke from 6.25 g (low dose), 12.50 g (medium dose), and 18.75 g (high dose) of dry pawpaw leaves respectively in a smoking chamber twice daily for 21 one days with each exposure lasting 3 min. The spontaneous motor activities and locomotory behaviour of the animals were assessed using an open field maze and hole board maze test. The results showed that the smoking of Carica papaya leaves led to a significant (p < 0.05) increase in locomotory activities from $33.36{\pm}3.36$ (control) to $66.50{\pm}6.16$ (high dose), number of head dips (from $8.50{\pm}0.36$, to $12.83{\pm}0.87$) and rearing behaviour (from $14.83{\pm}0.74$, to $27.0{\pm}1.46$). However, the freezing durations as animals were introduced into the maze and grooming behaviour were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in the treated groups. In conclusion, the increased ambulations and exploratory behaviours imply that the anxiety level is low in the treated groups compared to the control group which thus confirms that dry Carica papaya leaf may possibly contain psychoactive substance(s) that become active when smoked.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.476-483
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• 2010

The present study was performed to investigate the putative anxiolytic-like effects of the aqueous extract of the roots of Scrophularia buergeriana (SB-W) using elevated plus-maze (EPM) and hole-board apparatus in mice. SB-W was orally administered at doses of 50, 100, 200 or 400 mg/kg to ICR mice, 1 h before the behavioral evaluation. Control group were administered with an equal volume of saline, and positive control group with buspirone (2 mg/kg, i.p.). The administration of SB-W significantly increased the percentage of time spent in open arms and entries into the open arms of the EPM compared with saline-treated control group (P < 0.05). Futhermore, those anxiolytic-like activities of SB-W were antagonized by flumazenil (a $GABA_A$ antagonist, 10 mg/kg), but not by WAY-100635 (a 5-$HT_{1A}$ antagonist, 0.3 mg/kg). Moreover, there were no changes in the locomotor activity and myorelaxant effects in any group compared with saline-treated control group. In the hole-board test, the administration of SB-W (200 and 400 mg/kg) significantly increased the number of head-dipping compared with saline-treated control group (P < 0.05). Therefore, these findings suggest that Scrophularia buergeriana promotes the anxiolytic-like activity mediated by GABAergic nervous system in mice.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.175-181
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• 2007

Zizyphi Spinosi Semen (ZSS), a traditional Chinese folk medicine, has been used for treatment of insomnia and anxiety. This experiment was performed to investigate the anxiolytic-like effect of methanol extract of ZSS (MEZSS) in mice by using the experimental paradigms of anxiety and compared with that of a known anxiolytic, diazepam. In the elevated plus-maze test, it showed that MEZSS (100 mg/kg, p.o.) and diazepam (2.0 mg/kg, p.o.) increased the percentage of time spent on the open arms and the number of open arms entries. MEZSS (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) and diazepam (0.5 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly increased the number of head dips compared with that of control group in the hole-board test. However, MEZSS has no effect on decreasing the locomotor activity, while diazepam (2.0 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly inhibited locomotor activity. MEZSS did not decrease the strength force in the grip strength test, either. In addition, GABAergic involvements were also investigated to understand the possible mechanisms. $GABA_{A}$ receptors subunits and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) were not over expressed, compared with that of the saline group. We also found that MEZSS did not increase chloride influx in cultured cerebellar granule cells. It is concluded that MEZSS might have anxiolytic-like effects, but these effects might not be mediated by GABAergic transmission.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2015

Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Cannabis Fructus on exercise capacity and cognitive function in chronic hypoperfusion induced vascular dementia rat model. Methods Vascular dementia rat models were induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion through bilateral common carotid arteries occlusion (BCCAO). All rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal group; control group; CF I group (feeding Cannabis Fructus 100 mg/kg); CF II group (feeding Cannabis Fructus 300 mg/kg). In order to study the effects of oral administration of Cannabis Fructus on vascular dementia rat models, corner turn test, hole board test, radial arm maze test, passive avoidance test were taken and Acetylcholine (ACh) activity, Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, serum of Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein level were measured. Also histological findings of the liver, kidney, brain and the change of Tau immunoreactive neurons in hippocampus were observed. Results CF I and CF II showed significant improvement in corner turn test, hole board test, radial arm maze test, passive avoidance test, Acetylcholine (ACh) activity, Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, the serum of Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein level and the change of Tau immunoreactive neurons in hippocampus. CF I showed more significant effect than CF II in these tests. However in histological observations of the liver and kidney both CF I and CF II showed glomerular injury and hepatotoxicity. Conclusions These results suggest that Cannabis Fructus was helpful in improving exercise capacity and cognitive function on Chronic hypoperfusion induced Vascular Dementia rats. However Cannabis Fructus affects the liver and kidney, therefore suggest that this is an area for further study.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.63-69
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• 2019

전자부품에 대한 보드실장은 아직까지 솔더를 이용한 접합기술을 주로 이용하고 있다. 그러나, 솔더의 크? 및 피로특성으로 인한 접합부 내구한계로, 자동차 전장모듈에서는 반영구적인 접합기술인 프레스 핏(Press-fit) 접합기술 적용을 확대하고 있다. 프레스 핏 접합은 프레스 핏 금속단자를 보드내 쓰루 홀(Through hole)에 기계적으로 삽입하여 체결하는 접합기술로써, 적절한 금속단자의 소성변형으로 쓰루 홀 내부 표면접합을 밀착시킴으로써 강건한 접합을 유도한다. 본 논문에서는 보드내 쓰루 홀 크기 및 표면처리에 따른 프레스 핏 접합 특성 및 신뢰성을 솔더링과 함께 비교하기 위해, 보드 쓰루 홀 크기에 따른 삽입강도 및 삽발강도를 평가하였으며, 열충격 시험을 통한 실시간 저항변화를 통해 프레스 핏 및 솔더링 접합부의 저항변화를 관찰하였다. 또한, 각 접합부위 분석을 통한 프레스 핏 및 솔더링 접합열화를 분석하여 주요 파손모드를 고찰하고자 하였다.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.65-71
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• 2021

In the early days of laser invention, it was simply used as a measuring tool, but as lasers became more common, they became an indispensable processing tool in the industry. Short-wavelength lasers are used to make patterns on wafers used in semiconductors depending on the wavelength, such as CO2 laser, YAG laser, green laser, and UV laser. At first, the hole of the PCB board mainly used for electronic parts was not thin and the hole size was large, so a mechanical drill was used. However, in order to realize product miniaturization and high integration, small hole processing lasers have become essential, and pattern exposure for small hole sizes has become essential. This paper intends to analyze the characteristics through patterns by exposing the PCB substrate through DMD and polygon scanner, which are different optical systems. Since the optical systems are different, the size of the patterns was made the same, and exposure was performed under the optimal conditions for each system. Pattern characteristics were analyzed through a 3D profiler. As a result of the analysis, there was no significant difference in line width between the two systems. However, it was confirmed that dmd had better pattern precision and polygon scanner had better productivity.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.715-719
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 DNA 정보를 상변화 물질의 전기저항 변화특성으로 검출할 수 있는 상변화 전극 기판을 개발하였다. 이를 위해 반도체 공정에서 사용하는 Al을 사용하여 전극 기판을 제작하였다. 하지만 주사전자현미경을 이용하여 Al 전극의 단면 상태를 확인해 본 결과 PETEOS(plasma enhanced tetraethyoxysilane) 내에서 보이드(void)가 발생하여 후속공정인 에치백과 세정공정 분위기에 과도하게 노출되어 심하게 손상되어 전극과 PETEOS 사이에 홀(hole)로 변형된다. 이 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 에치백 및 세정 공정을 진행하지 않으면서 $Ge_2Sb_2Te_5$(GST) 박막의 단차피복성(stepcoverage)을 좋게 할 수 있고, 열역학적으로 GST 박막과의 반응성을 고려했을 때 안정적이면서 비저항이 낮은 TiN 재료를 사용하여 상변화 전극 기판을 제작하였다. 주사전자현미경을 통하여 전극의 단면의 상태를 관찰하였으며 TiN 전극과 GST 박막이 정상적으로 연결되어 있는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 저항측정 장비를 사용하여 TiN 상변화 전극 기판 위에 증착된 GST의 비정질과 결정질의 저항을 측정하였고, GST의 비정질과 결정질저항의 차이는 약 1,000배 정도로 신호를 검출하는데 충분함을 확인하였다.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.34-38
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• 2006

The hot water extract of the seeds of Vernonia anthelmintica Kuntze (Compositae) in a dose of 10 ml/kg body weight of mice, showed significant analgesic activity on the hot plate analgesic method throughout the 4 h experimental period. The hole cross scores and the climbing out scores are of lower than the control animals. The hot water extract reduced the defecation in hole board study and significantly reduces the exploratory ambulation and head dipping behaviour. The seed also showed significant depressant activity on the exploratory ambulation of the open field scores. The drug decreased the spontaneous locomotion activity on brick-chip displacement method up to 45 min and also showed the ability to lessen the amphetamine induced hyperactivity up to 20 min. But it didn't show any effect on pentobarbital induced sleeping time test. The extract reduced gastrointestinal motility.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회A
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• pp.451-454
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• 2007

This paper presents the pattern characteristic using the electrostatic drop-on-demand ink-jet printing system. In order to achieve the pattern characteristic of electrostatic inkjet printing, the capillary inkjet head system is fabricated using capillary tube, Pt wire and electrode, and is packaged by acrylic board for the accurate alignment between wire and electrode-hole. The applied DC voltage of 1.4 $\sim$ 2.0 kV used for the observation of electrostatic droplet ejection. Electrostatic droplet ejection is directly observed using a high-speed camera. For investigated pattern characteristic, conductive inkjet silver ink used. The higher voltage has a good condition which has micro dripping mode. Also, the droplet size decreases with increasing the supplied DC voltage. This paper shows the pattern which is formed by about 300um. Also, capillary inkjet head system will be applied industrial area comparing conventional electrostatic inkjet head system.