• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.304-314
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• 2000

Following the recent policy, enlargement of foodservice and contracted management systems of high school foodservices have been accelerated, and the scales of foodservices have been gradually increased. A sudden growth of domestic foodservice companies have remarkably disparated. Yet compared to that of the foodseuice control in advanced countries, domestic foodservice control has a lot more to learn. Due to the characteristics of foodservice establishment serving many people at a time, there is always a high potential of food bone outbreak. The purpose of this study was to evluate hazard factors in the steps of production, holding and assembly and service of fried curry hair-tail, cold seaweed and cucumber, fried pork cutlet, that were served by contracted management in high school foodservice centre, then to suggest method of control with the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point(HACCP) program. Also we suggested the possibility that the contracted management of foodservice system can be established and utilized to identify the variation of holding temperature among floods up to 6 hours after cooking. The results are as follows; The hazard factors in food product had come from the temperature, time, pH, Aw, equipment and utensils. The critical control point(CCP) of each food product; curry hair-tail, cold seaweed and cucumber and pork cutlet was cooked and held before serving, prepared and held before serving, cooked and held before serving, and prepared, cooked and held before serving, respectively.

• the MEAT Journal
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• s.34 winter
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• pp.48-59
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of marination condition(immersion and tumbling) on quality characteristics of cured pork meat and sensory properties of pork jerky. Pork meat was immersed for 1, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours or tumbled for 10, 20, 30, and 60 minutes with curing solution. The jerky was made from cured pork meat, immersed for 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours or tumbled for 10, 20, 30, and 60 minutes. The curing yields and water holding capacity in immersion and tumbling treatments were increased as marination time increased, and the curing yields of tumbling treatments were higher than those of immersion treatments, but water holding capacity was not. The pH value of all treatments were not significantly different. CIE L*- and b*-value of immersion treatments were significantly decreased as marination time increased, but CIE a*-value were increased. Objective color of tumbling treatments showed a similar tendency with those of immersion treatment. The sensory properties of pork jerky were not significantly different between immersion and tumbling treatments.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.22 no.3 s.57
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• pp.351-378
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• 2005

The study intended to develop KORMARC for archives in order to integrate archives with library materials. The results of the study can be summarized as follows; (1) 2 areas for conservation and physical description are added to the existing 7 areas of ISAD(G)2. The study has also proved that the existing 26 elements of ISAD(G)2 are not fully enough to satisfy the information demands' of institutions and its users as well. (2) For the use of domestic archives in particular, the study has added the description elements of archives that appeared in the Government Regulations of Office Management and those forms of documents that are specified by law for the sake of computerization. The study has added the possible release and grade, release dates, release range, conservation periods, conservation periods, conservation value, the status description of archives elements that are specified in Public Record Management Law. (3) The study has developed the following data fields to be added into KORMARC. 512 creation dates note, 555 finding aids note, 583 action note and 584 accumulation note. Also it reorganizes and adds the indicators of the 245 title statement, 300 physical description 306 playing time, 506 restriction on access note, 534 original version note, 535 location of originals/duplicates note, 540 terms governing use and reproduction notes, 541 immediate source of acquisition note, 545 biographical or historical note, 581 publication note, 850 holding institution data fields.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.37 no.11
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• pp.636-641
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• 2015

Waste energy conversion to SRF (Solid Refuse Fuel) has the effects not alternative fossil fuel usage but also the reduction of greenhouse gas. But the direct burning of the SRF including a plastic waste generates air pollution problem like soot, dioxin, etc. so that an application of pyrolysis and gasification treatment should be needed. The purpose of this study is to supply a basic thermal data of the pyrolysis gasification characteristics in the plastic-rich SRF which are needed for developing the novel pyrolyser or gasifier. To do so, a bench-scale test rig was newly engineered, and then experiments were achieved for the production characteristics of gas, tar, and char. While SRF sample, gasification air ratio, holding time changed as 2 g, 0.691, 32 min respectively, the $H_2$ 1.36%, $CH_4$ 2.18%, CO 1.88%, $Cl_2$ 15.9 ppm, HCl 6.4 ppm were composed. Also light tar benzene $4.03g/m^3$, naphthalene $0.39g/m^3$, anthracene $0.11g/m^3$, pyrene $0.06g/m^3$, gravimetric tar $18g/m^3$, and char 0.29 g was formed.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.49
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• pp.39-63
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• 2016

After its decision of 'constitutional nonconformity' about a night assembly on September 24th, 2009, then the Korean Constitutional Court decided the 'limited violation of constitution' saying, 'Even a night demonstration should be allowed to be held up to the midnight' on March 27th, 20104. Since such a decision, the revision of Assembly and Demonstration Act has not been done, and the revised act is currently pending on the National Assembly on October, 2016. Amid the controversy about the 'Legislative Deficiency', some articles of the Assembly and Demonstration Act are revised and created like the imposition of the fine about a ghost assembly and the notice duty of fact to hold an assembly, the police superintendent's recommendation about the assembly place and partitioned assembly holding by time in order to protect the people's basic rights and convenience. However, this revised bill of Assembly & Demonstration Act limits the duty of assembly withdrawal report only to overlapping assemblies and a police superintendent can only recommend about the partition of assembly place and time, but has not a certain authority to forcibly enforce, so it is expected that the recommendation will be eventually ended to a formal procedure. And as this revised act has no punishment article concerning the violation of the notice duty within 1 hour before holding an assembly in this revised act, so there is a problem that the police can't force an assembly to follow the article. This study proposed some political suggestions concerning the articles to be supplemented and corrected in the Assembly & Demonstration Act after analyzing its articles around its 2016 revised Act. The Assembly & Demonstration Act has several problems to be continually corrected and supplemented further including the matter of 'Night Assembly & Demonstration' which is in the condition of 'Legislative Deficiency' since 2009.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.272-277
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• 2010

The glass-ceramics containing bottom ash (B/A) which was a by-produced from an electrical power plant was fabricated and its crystalline phase, microstructure and mechanical properties were analyzed. At first, the glass was fabricated by adding modifier oxide $Li_2O$ to lower the melting temperature of coal bottom ash. The glass obtained was heat-treated by using a 2-stage process to crystallize, that is to say, to increase the degree of crystallization in the glass-ceramics, the first heat treatment for nucleation was performed followed by the secondary one for the growth of nucleates. The main crystalline phase formed in the glass-ceramics was ${\beta}$-spodumene and the secondary phase was $L_2SiO_3$. It was recognized that the degree of crystallization of glass-ceramics was increased with a holding time of the secondary heat treatment stage. In the case of the specimens hold up to 3 hour, the crystallization was not completed and the microstructures and morphologies of crystalline phase were not uniform. In the specimens of holding time over 9 hours, the cracks were generated inside of it, so its compressive strength would decrease due them. In conclusion, it was able to obtain the optimum condition to fabriate the glass-ceramics having the properties of high crystallization degree, uniform microstructures and morphologies and the high mechanical strength.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.107-113
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to analyze factors that influence prerequisite program (PRP) performance of hospital foodservice operation. Data was collected through surveys given to 65 dietitians working in general hospital with ${\geq}100beds$. Importance score of sanitary management for the self-operated establishments was significantly higher than that of contract-managed in the areas of working environment management (p<0.01), waste management (p<0.05), clean disinfection management (p<0.05). Performance score of hospitals with ${\leq}300beds$ was significantly lower than that of hospitals with ${\geq}300beds$ in personal hygiene management (p<0.05). Moreover, importance score of dietitians spending ${\geq}3hours$ on inspection time was significantly higher than that of dieticians spending ${\leq}3hr$ in waste management area. According to the results of Pearson correlation analysis, PRP performance score was positively related with dietitian's career (p<0.05), number of submitted beds (p<0.05), cooking process inspection time (p<0.05), dietitian's job satisfaction (p<0.01), and holding rate of utensil and equipment (p<0.05). In addition, the results of multiple regression analysis showed that dietitian's job satisfaction (p<0.001) and holding rate of utensil and equipment (p<0.05) had a significant positive effect on prerequisite program performance. In conclusion, improvement of working condition to increase dietitian's job satisfaction and securing of utensils and equipments are high priorities for improvement of PRP performance.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.9 no.8
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• pp.41-50
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• 2018

Purpose - As an important participant in the financial markets, the commercial bank will be impacted by the interest rate marketization. Owing to the special condition of China, this paper tries to explore the impact of operating mechanisms between interest rate marketization and the profitability of the commercial Bank. Research design, data and methodology - This paper applies time series data from 2005 to 2016. Due to the short period of time series, autocorrelation often occurs. Therefore, the fully modified least squares(FMOLS) will be used to conduct an empirical analysis. The reason is that it can move off the autocorrelation between variables and disturbance term. And FMOLS also can make estimated cointegrating parameters closed to normal distribution. More importantly, in order to avoid spurious regressions, the Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test will be used to verify the stationarity of all variables. The total return of asset is treated as the profitability of commercial bank. The net interest spread is treated as a measurement of interest rate marketization. Both are regarded as dependent variables. The non-interest income or gross revenues and impaired loans or gross loans are treated as independent variables. The sixteen representative listed commercial banks are divided into three categories (state-owned, share-holding and city-owned) to conduct an estimation. Results - Via empirical analysis, the findings show that the net interest spread has a positive effect on the profitability of the commercial bank. More specifically, 1% increase in the net interest spread will lead 0.157% increase in the profitability of state-owned commercial bank, 0.269% increase in the profitability of share-holding commercial bank and 0.263% increase in the profitability of city-owned commercial bank. If regarding the sixteen listed commercial city as a whole, 1% increase in the net interest spread will lead 0.267% increase in the profitability of the commercial bank. Conclusions - As the interest rate marketization, the importance of interest rate on the profitability of commercial bank has become more and more significant. The empirical evidences also prove that the net interest spread can bring about the change of the commercial bank's profitability. Therefore, policy-makers of commercial banks should fully understand the operating mechanism between them.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.46-53
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• 1991

The stress of PSG (Phosphosilicate glass), USG (Undoped-silicate grass) and SiN films, which are mainly used as passivation layers in semiconductor memory devices, deposited by CVD methods has been studied as a function of film thickness and holding time in air. The stress of the PSG film or the USG film is increased in tensile state with increasing film thickness. On the other hand the stress level of the SiN film in compressive stress does not change as film thickness changes. The stress of PSG film shows the drastic change from the tensile stress to the compressive stress after the film is left 2 days in air. FTIR spectra indicated that the stress variation was due to the penetration of water molecule. It looks possible to recover the stress of about $2.5{\times}{10^9}dyne/cm^2$ by annealing treatment at $300^{\circ}C$ for 20min. The total stress of multi-layered films having the PSG film is determined mainly by the stress variation of PSG layer with holding time. The total stress of multi-layered film appears to have a functional relationship with the stress in the thickness of each film. The resistance against stress-migration of sputtered Al line increases with increasing the tensile stress for the PSG film or the USG film.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.229-235
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of marination condition(immersion and tumbling) on quality characteristics of cured pork meat and sensory properties of pork jerky. Pork meat was immersed for 1, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours or tumbled for 10, 20, 30, and 60 minutes with curing solution. The jerky was made from cured pork meat immersed for 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours or tumbled fer 10, 20, 30, and 60 minutes. The curing yields and water holding capacity in immersion and tumbling treatments were increased as marination time increased, and the curing yields of tumbling treatments were higher than those of immersion treatments, but water holding capacity was not. The pH value of all treatments were not significantly different. CIE $L^*$- and $b^*$-value of immersion treatments were significantly decreased as marination time increased, but CIE $a^*$-value were increased. Objective color of tumbling treatments showed a similar tendency with those of immersion treatment. The sensory properties of pork jerky were not significantly different between immersion and tumbling treatments.