• Journal of Apiculture
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.9-19
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• 2020

The questionnaire survey for Apis cerana beekeepers and professionals on improved native bee hives was carried out and we compared the temperature, relative humidity(RH), and weight changes of 4 improved hives(Chungju, Miryang, Hanam, and Suwon) from May 1, 2019 to January 31, 2020. Beekeepers need vertical feeder, hive stand, entrance block, and separating panel as hive accessory devices. The average temperatures within brood area were kept constantly (31.3~35.1℃) and the low daily variances of temperature (≤1℃) in Chungju hive among tested hives were observed. The daily temperature variances in the separated space and on the top of winter cluster were not different among 4 hives. In correlation between the temperature of brood area and the number of combs, Chungju hive showed the highest correlation(80.4%) and between the temperature on top of winter clusters and outside temperature, 4 hives showed high positive correlation(76.8~87.1%). RH of brood area(45~60%) in all hives were kept relatively low and constant compared to the outside RH(60~85%). The stablest RH on the top of winter cluster was observed in Suwon hives (65~75%) The highest cumulative weight increase among hives and the high positive correlation(65~67%) between the change of cumulative hive weight and combs number of hives were shown in the Miryang and Chungju. Based on these results, A. cerana bees are able to manage constant temperature and RH within hives area for their colony life, which also effected by the types of hive.

• The Korean Journal of Food & Health Convergence
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.17-21
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• 2020

The response of honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) pollination on canola yield with reference to most suitable number of bee hive need per unit area of crops in order to meet optimum pollination needs and better economic yields by comparing number of hives and yield components an experiment was conducted at Beekeeping and Hill Fruit Pests Research, Station Rawalpindi during 2017-18 in complete randomized block design with two sets of four treatments for comparison: 1 hive acre^-1, 2 hives acre^-1, 3 hives acre^-1 and 0 hive acre^-1. The hives were kept inside the experimental area. Parameters were assessed: pollination density, pollinator's diversity, agronomic and economic yield. In case of pollination density, the cumulative mean abundance bee species revealed that at 1200 hours, Apis mellifera was the most abundant and frequent visitor with a mean population of 8.69 bees/plant followed by A. dorsata (0.72), Syrphid fly (0.2) and other pollinators. Minimum bee population was observed during 1400 hours, mainly due to the closure of flowers and partially due to high temperature (>35℃). Pollinator diversity revealed that A. mellifera was the most dominant pollinator of Brassica crop with highest abundance (71%). A. dosata ranked 2^nd (16%) followed by A. florea (6%) respectively.

• Journal of Apiculture
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.163-170
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• 2017

Small hive beetle (SHB, Aethina tumida Murray (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) is a honeybee pest infesting combs and stores inside the hive. Contamination of the SHB on Apis mellifera colonies were firstly noticed on September 23, 2016, in Miryang City, Gyeongnam Province in Korea. After that, on October 5, 2016, we investigated the spatial distribution of SHB inside the hive and outside soil within the apiary. Total of 169 beehives were observed. We found all stages of SHB inside or outside of hives. 61% of hives infested with the adult SHB still had live honeybees whereas hives containing larval SHB did not have bees, implying colony destruction In hives with live bees, infestation density was higher as bee population became higher. Coefficient of dispersions (CD) showed significant clumped distribution of infestation among hives. CDs were much higher inside hive than outside soil. Our results indicates SHB could result in honeybee colony collapse it not managed properly. Also even during October, there are new infestation into honeybee colonies and every stage of SHB could still be able to develop. Further detailed analysis of this insect' adaptation in Koran environment could help guide the management strategies of the invaded new pest of honeybee.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.9
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• pp.75-88
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• 1985

This study is on the expressive will of human beings by way of examining turtle patterns. Turtle represents spiritual, incantatory implications and the idea1s of long life and of fortune. From ancient to the present the turtle patterns have expressed various kinds of arts on these concepts. The researchs on the examples of turtle patterns are summed up as follows. 1. Single form of turtle shows a turtle wrapped by snakes and is generally regarded as a symbol of long life with respect to the mysteries of the Tao. 2. HyunMu type is of an imaginary animal which is wrapped by snakes. 3. Turtle shell type is hexagon accumulated 1ike successive bee-hives.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.1197-1222
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• 2010

There is a well-known classical reduction formula by Griffiths and Harris for Littlewood-Richardson coefficients, which reduces one part from each partition. In this article, we consider an extension of the reduction formula reducing two parts from each partition. This extension is a special case of the factorization theorem of Littlewood-Richardson coefficients by King, Tollu, and Toumazet (the KTT theorem). This case of the KTT factorization theorem is of particular interest, because, in this case, the KTT theorem is simply a reduction formula reducing two parts from each partition. A bijective proof using tableaux of this reduction formula is given in this paper while the KTT theorem is proved using hives.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.184-191
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• 2006

Cold Urticaria and Cholinergic Urticaria are considered to be distinct disorders in which mediator release and hives can be induced by different stimulti. While neither cold Urticaria nor cholinergic Urticaria is rare, it is unusual to see both disorders occurring in the same patient. Also, our case presents atypical urtication to cold exposure. similar to classic cholinergic Urticaria lesions, called ‘cold-induced cholinergic urticaria’. a case of It lives from as usual as cold as ice environment and When entering into the warm place, the patient minute when the urticaria appears cold - induced cholinergic Urticaria it suspects, The sasang constitution which will reach the result which it demonstrates medically it got the effect which considers it reports.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.337-341
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• 1996

Propolid (bee-glue), known as a folk medicine, is a lipo;hilic material found in honeybee hives. In the present study on the anti-inflammatory effect of Korean propolis, it was extracted with ethanol, and used as a test material. The $LD_{50}$ value with the oral administration of ethanolic extract of Korean propolis (EEKP) was higher than 2g/kg in mice. The oral administration of the propolis extract (100mg/kg) significantly inhibited the development of hind paw edema induced by carrageenin in rats. the oral pretreatment of the propolis extract markedly inhibited the increase in vascular permeability and the number of writhing induced by acetic acetic acid in mice. Propolis extract, 50 and 100 mg/kg p.o. per day for 7 days, produced a significant inhibitory effect on granuloma and exudate formation in rats. This inhibitory effect was enhanced with the concomitant use of prednisolone (2.5 mg/kg). These results suggest that Korean propolis apparently has a strong anti-inflammatory activity.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.163-167
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• 2006

Reverse-Phase High-performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) based technique is one of the most sensitive techniques to detect the antibiotics present in honey. In the southern part of Tamilnadu, India, majority of the farmlands are occupied by plantations such as coconut, banana and rubber. A variety of antimicrobial compounds and antibiotics, which have been reported in pollen, nectar and other floral parts of the plant, gets accumulated in honey through honeybees (Apis mellifera). We have collected the nectar samples from banana (Musa paridasiaca) and rubber (Ficus elastica) flowers and the honey from honey hives of banana and rubber cultivated areas. The extracted nectar and honey samples are subjected to RP-HPLC analysis with authentic antibiotic standards. Nectar and honey samples showed 4-17, 11-29 ${\mu}g/kg$ of streptomycin, 2-29, 3-44 ${\mu}g/kg$ of ampicillin and 17-34, 26-48 ${\mu}g/kg$ of kanamycin respectively.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.500-504
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• 2002

Propolis, obtained from honeybee hives, has been used in Oriental folk medicine as an anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, and immunomodulatory agent. There is considerable evidence suggesting that angiogenesis and chronic inflammation are codependent. Blockage of angiogenesis results in an anti-inflammatory effect. Ethanol (EEP) and ether extracts of propolis (REP), and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), an active component of propolis, were examined for their anti-angiogenic activities using the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM), and the calf pulmonary arterial endothelial (CPAE) cell proliferation, assays. The presence of EEP, REP and CAPE inhibited angiogenesis in the CAM assay and the proliferation of CPAE cells. The results suggest that anti-angiogenic activities of EEP, REP and CAPE are also responsible for their anti-inflammatory effect.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.294-298
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• 2012

In sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) growing there are several severe problem which have to be overcome to produce highly graded fruits because of fruit rots and fruit crackings, if there is frequent precipitation during immature fruit step and picking season. In order to reduce fungicide sprayings and produce qualified fruits in areas with rainy season like as South Korea, rain-sheltered growing is necessary absolutely. Sweet cherry blooms early to medium April in southern area of South Korea. If we depend on honeybees (Apis mellifera) distributed in natural ecosystem, it is not easy to get normal fruit-set every season because of low temperature around blooming time. And also bee keepers seldom sell honeybee hives as a pollinator during spring, instead they keep honeybee hives to get honey. Recently use of B. terrestris as a pollinator of cherry tomato, oriental pumpkin etc. grown in protected cultivation system increase abundantly. Therefore, in this study we studied B. terrestris as an alternate of honeybee to pollinate sweet cherry grown in rain shelter. In part of foraging activity B. terrestris shows staying on a cherry flower for about six second and visiting frequency of 11 flowers per minute. However A. mellifera stayed about 15 second on a flower and visited 4~5 flowers per minute. There were no significant difference in fruit-setting rate and fruit characteristics after using B. terrestris and A. mellifera as pollinators of sweet cherry. Consequently there is no negative effect when we use B. terrestris as an alternate pollinator of A. mellifera in sweet cherry cultivation under rain shelter.