• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.98-108
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• 2011

As people abroad have been much interested in the usage of modern architecture from the early days, many researches about various methods of using them have been progressed. In Korea, with the need to protect the modern architecture through active usage of them in the dimension of protecting the disappearing history, at present, many modern architectures were renovated and used. This research is to find out the sense of direction about the changes of design of the renovated modern architectures in Korea by analyzing the design changes after the renovations in Korea and abroad. Under the limitation of the modern architecture renovation case in Korea, Japan and China, the changes of design after the modern architecture renovation in Korea and aborad were analyzed by the analysis of the ways of remodelling for each case according to the case analyzing frame. Based on the reasons of renovations which had purpose of preserving social history with many other various reasons in common in both cases of Korean modern architecture remodelling and abroad, the common direction of design is to meet new with old to preserve the special image though they did it in different ways. However, different from the case of Japan and China which are coexisting present and past in space, Korean case focused too much on outside, which resulted in only outside designs. In the case of Korea, the past should have mutual understanding to have the firm space image by forming unique interior space culture through the architectural grafting the present in the past not only in the outside space but also in the indoor space. In another words, for the various changes of design in Korean modern architecture renovations, a systematic research should be done about the interior spaces of present architecture and modern architecture.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.27-45
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• 2023

A source of records is critical and highly valuable for records management. The compositions and functions of an administrative organization, which is the source of public records, are changing according to its frequent reorganizations. In particular, changes in local governments are frequent, and the possibility of change increases over time. The processing department is responsible for various records management tasks as the source and producer of records; however, its scope of qualifications is unclear. As such, this study aims to clarify these sources of records and suggest ways to improve their management. For the objective, this study selected D regional local government and analyzed the forms and frequency of its administrative organizational changes. In particular, the processing department's modified organizational functions and compositions due to reorganizations were also examined. Through the analysis, problems concerning records sources that could arise from changes in the administrative organization and processing department were identified, and improvement plans for records management were suggested.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.28-41
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• 1986

In the history of costume, coat can be traced up to ancient Persia but it was generalized as today's style around 14th an d15th century in Euro[pe. World wars, revolutions and rapid social changes of the last 80 years have produced more changes in the way people dress than any comparable period in history. Thewse changes enabled emergence of more modernized woman's garments and through it, dress and coat ensemble became public's main fashion. In 1920's after world war I, boyish style in woman's garment was in vogue. Woman's coat was also in the same style with length sortened up to the knee level and silhoutte was straighter and semi-fitted than previous period. Length of the coat was longer in late 1930's but shortened again in 1940's. And the most popular silhouette of both 30's and 40's was shape of the hourglass which was commonly called the "X-shape". Also double=breasted coat with fitted waistline, belt and flare skirt was in vogue. In 1950's and 60's, with the variety of lines in woman's garments, silhouette of the coat also appeared in many different forms. Along with the various shapes, color of the coat changed throughout the decades : dark colors in 20's, bright colors in 30's, mixed colors of 20's and 30's in 40's and in 50's, color had changed to archromatic. In fabric, wool was most popular in all periods. However, such gabrics as tweed, cotton, gaberdine, linen were added to give variety. It is very interesting to see collars trimmed with expensive furs were very popular in 20's and 30's but it almost disappeared in 40's and fur trimming reappeared in late 50's. In addtion to silhouette changes in design, details such as buttons, epaulettes, pockets and fur trimming of hemline were emphasizing points of varieties in design. This study has set time limits world war I which was the period coat became major fashion of woman's clothing, to 1960's.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.1343-1351
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• 2015

Though the history of fisheries business administration education has it's own uniqueness, the research or study of that still insufficient. And in spite of the structural shift of society and environmental diversity, there's few research that analyzing or examining the curricular constitution and change recently. The process of this research was implemented with investigating the objective and content domains concerning marine education in the fisheries and marine curriculum and changes of them. The changes of fisheries business administration education reviewed and analyzed in the view point of construction of the textbook, contents of the each changes and recency comparison of tables and figures of the high school textbook of the fisheries business administration general. The results show that most of the changes have been reflected by the demands of the society including fisheries related law, policy and distribution networks. But there are still some errors and necessity of improvements in data and descriptions. The results of this study would help develop sustainable curriculum design for further changes and give more effective guidelines for identifying the core of fisheries business administration education.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.55-63
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• 2012

Ever since China declared its economic reform and opening up policies in the late 1970s, it has been under rapid change. The modernization process of China's history and society was in progress at a pace far too fast in the middle of the 20th century, and housing sector was no exception. This study is based on the houses showing enough changes of modernization process in the rural area, and with a comparative analysis based on the field survey data conducted respectively in the present decade, considered the architectural elements and changing aspects of housing lifestyle. This paper will explore (1) The changes and the status of the members of the village, (2) The changes and the status of the structures, (3) The changes and the status of the main areas of housing, (4) The changes and the status of the heating system and the kitchen that crucially affects the space size among the housing facilities, and (5) The changes and the status of the bathroom. Through this analysis, this paper will firstly look at how traditional rural houses has been changed under the modernization process, and will objectively evaluate the modernization process of the traditional rural houses so that it will help find a way of improving China's rural houses in the future.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.9 no.1 s.22
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• pp.7-25
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is focused to the historic changes of Yungnam-Ru(嶺南樓), which are based on the site layout, and architectural forms in architectural building history and historic periods analyzed with the historic reference, paintings, and photos. This study is to search the alteration of the types of axis and the formation of spaces in Yungnam-Ru which is the Ru-Gak(樓閣) The conclusion of the architectural changes from the historic period and architectural form which is the belows. The first Yungnam-Ru by name had been used to be called, before it was re-called Yungnam-Ru by Kim Ju in 1365. Therefore, the hypothesis in naming Yungnam-Ru form assumption that the building under the name of Yungnam-Ru was re-named by Kim Ju from the Old Budist Temple called Yungnam-Sa, should re-considered in history. The second, it is considered that Milyang-Sibyi-Kyungdo(密陽十二景圖) as the painting can only be seen the site layout in 1542. It could be compared the differences of the site layouts from in 1542 to the present time. At that time Nyungpadang(凌派堂) was connected the main buildings called Yungnam-Ru Chimrudang(沈流堂),building was seperated with the Yungnam-Ru at that period. In 1542, the main Building(Yungnam-Ru) was consist of 5 spans of columns(from the front) and 2 spans of columns(from the side). Now, the main Building(Yungnam-Ru) has the 5 spans of columns from the front, and two spans of columns short from the side, compared to the present facade. At the past, Chimrudang(building) has the two spans of columns and one span of columns short, compared to the present facade. The third, It supposed that main building, Nyungpadang and Chimrudang in the composite of facade was connected with Wolrang(月廊) and Hunrang(軒廊) after invatioin from japan in 1592. 1844, (Chosun dynasty, Hunjong 10) the Yungnam-Ru was re-builted by maintaining the same concept in site layout of the past, and finally the three buildings was put together with Wolrang and Hunrang. As a result, the plan of the Yungnam-Ru was expanded with many aspects. From 1542 to 1844, the present site-layout gradually completed with three buildings which was spatially connected. The forth, in the middle age of Chosun dynasty, after added Gaeksa(客舍), the building is for the government officer staying temporally from outside province) in the site, the site layout was greatly changed with volume of building. In 1844, the Yungnam-Ru as the Nugak belongs to Miljukwan(密州館) was expanded spacially and formally. After that time, the burned buildings could not have been re-built because of aspects in government ability and economical ability.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.359-370
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• 2004

Before the current western medicine was spreaded out in the world as the main stream, each country had treated diseases with the medicine of their own and the traditional medical books, which are so characteristic, are handed down. Considering the earnest assignment to do in Korean medical of this age and one of the tendencies of medical circles in the world is putting together the current medicine with the traditional medicine, the production and spread of the classification system for the technical books which is contained the characteristic of traditional chinese medicine, the present condition of modern chinese medicine, and the future of it, must be settled without delay. The classification system for oriental medicine section developed in the range of the simple system before the time of flowering, since then the western medicine had grew as the main current in medicine in Korea. But until now the rational and realistic classification system based on the changeable time isn't be established, so setting up one of the classification systems for medicine section, it is classified according to the principle of classification system for medicine section. Hereupon, the result was made after researching the changes of modern classification system for korean and studying on the changes of classification system for oriental medicine section of the Korean decimal classification.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.43-50
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• 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a school bullying prevention camp for adolescent perpetrators of school violence. Methods: A total of 95 adolescents (boys=73, girls=22) were included in this study. The changes after the program were evaluated using several self-rating scales for the assessment of the degree of depression, loneliness, impulsivity, self-esteem, and interpersonal reactivity compared with the baseline scales. Results: The school bullying prevention camp significantly reduced the degree of depression severity (z=-5.874, p<0.001) and impulsivity scale (z=-3.861, p<0.001), while increasing self-esteem (z=-2.091, p=0.037). The degree of depression severity (z=-4.635, p<0.001), loneliness (z=-2.168, p=0.030), and impulsivity (z=-2.987, p=0.003) significantly reduced, whereas self-esteem significantly increased (z=-2.221, p=0.026) for male students who had no history of child abuse. However, there were no significant changes after the program for the degree of depression, loneliness, impulsivity, self-esteem, and interpersonal reactivity among female students with a history of child abuse. Conclusion: The results of our study suggest that the development of diverse standardized guidance programs is necessary for teenagers with different characteristics and backgrounds. Such programs are expected to be more effective in preventing school violence.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.79-92
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• 1995

The study is about the process of modernization of conventional rural houses in Kyung-gi province. It alms to identify the pattern of change, particularly focusing on the changes of the site plan and plan. The site of study is Samga Village, in YongIn County, near Seoul. The study discusses the process of modernization during the three decades from 1960 to 1980. The basic information was obtained through field research and site analysis, and the study relies predominatly on observational and statistical analysis. Four developmental stages can be clearly identified which are ; (1) Traditional type, (2)Modified-traditional type, (3) Saemaul type, and (4) The type of urban houses. The analysis was done through identification of changing site plan and plan. It is interesting to note that the changes of these elements show a certain pattern of sequential steps which also can be classified according to the four developmental stages mentioned above. The pattern of site design was consistantly maintained while plan and building system became very different However, the process of modernization of Korean rural houses was the process of producing a certain type of architecture that is not universal but uniquely Korean.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.7-18
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• 2017

This research focuses on the cadastre and cartographic tradition regarding the representation of Rome that had lasted until the middle of 18th Century. Since the early period of Roman Republic until the early 18th Century, map was considered as a effective medium to record the status of urban facts and also a manifestation of changing perception of reality. These facts allow to diagnose social and conventional changes that had occurred in the field of representation techniques and methodologies derived from diverse intention and objective in elaboration of each map. Cartography also has affinity to architectural drawing as many categories of individuals are involved, clients, researchers, craftsmen, publisher and collectors. Fundamental task of documenting the contemporary physical reality was given to the map, however, as architects had practiced through the drawings, cartographers also reconstruct in subjective way specific buildings and urban aspects according to various needs and demands. As such, philology and imagination play important role as two constitute extreme poles in the evolution of the cadastre. Through analysis of paradigmatic examples in the genealogy of cartography of Rome, it was possible to understand the changing episteme that testify the mentality and custom in the field of visual representation.