• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.17-26
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• 2013

This study is aimed to investigate the characteristics of the elevations in the contemporary multi-family residential buildings in Paris. The survey was performed by studying 30 buildings which had won the multi-family residential project competitions, held in Paris in 2011. Since 30 buildings in the survey will be constructed in Paris in a couple of years, current trends of the elevations of the multi-family residential buildings can be extracted. Historically and also currently, in France, the multi-family housing has been studied to solve the various social problems; especially in Paris where the historical buildings and the modern and the contemporary buildings stand together in perfect harmony. The uniform elevations of the multi-family residential buildings in Korea, have been consist problems in the country. By studying the building elevations in Paris, the solutions to solve the current problems and to improve the situation, can be found. The study will be discussed in three different categories. First of all, the volume and the mass of building in the survey buildings, will be analyzed. Secondly, the openings in the facade, such as the windows and the balconies of the survey projects, will be analyzed. Finally, the materials and the colors of the facade will be discussed. By analyzing the elevations of the multi-family residential building projects, which had won the competitions, and are soon to be built in Paris, the various experiments and the attempts in building elevations, currently happening in Paris which is mostly known as a Haussmann style city, can be presumed, as well as the willingness of the city to reserve the historic buildings in the city.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.261-266
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• 2007

In this research, we studied an estimating method in client's sight to estimate the total construction cost which is based on the historical cost data at the early stage of the office buildings as a public phase. It is very difficult to analyze the estimation accurately and logically. When a client estimates a project, he/she has to consider there are many issues at the planning step, according as office buildings become gradually diversified as well as their roles continuously extended. Therefore, those are usually make problems for wasting the budget in accordance with the cost estimation errors. Moreover, many kinds of public construction projects, especially such as school, office, sports complex, and the others, have been invested the private finances defined as BTL(Build Transfer Lease) method that are required to manage the detailed process more strictly from initial planning. In order to make an effective planning, the long-term users amount and the building life cycle at the beginning of project should be considered previously and then it may enable to achieve an appropriate project plan. But actually considering overall variables in a building planning is impossible. Accordingly, suggesting a regression model based on the historical cost data from many similar types of office building to support client's role known as estimating the total cost at the early stage. And then performing the test against the proposed model to research the reasonability as using the historical cost data of Japan office buildings.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.59-79
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• 2006

The architectural characteristics and historical positioning which the historical architecture will be understood better through collecting results from researches which was done on various points of views and positions. Therefore, a study on the layout of the main palace of Goryeo Dynasty also becomes a prerequisite for understanding the architectural characteristics and historical positioning which it possesses. However, the reality is that as the results from the excavation and preceding researches were not integrated together, the understanding of the layout of main palace is remaining on a partial and conceptual level. Therefore, this paper attempted to review in overall the restoration of the layout of the main palace of Goryeo Dynasty using historical documents, precedent researches, excavation maps, topographical map and cadastral maps. Consequently, it was possible to confirm the name of some of the ruins and restore the location and layout of other buildings. The result of this research presented above, will become a basis for understanding the layout of the main palace of Goryeo Dynasty in more realistic and way. Furthermore, it could be used as a fundamental data for related researches.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.247-259
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• 2008

The potential use of Cu-based shape memory alloys (SMA) in retrofitting historical monuments is investigated in this paper. This study is part of the ongoing work conducted in Tunisia within the framework of the FP6 European Union project (WIND-CHIME) on the use of appropriate modern seismic protective systems in the conservation of Mediterranean historical buildings in earthquake-prone areas. The present investigation consists of a finite element simulation, as a preliminary to an experimental study where a cantilever masonry wall, representing a part of a historical monument, is subjected to monotonic and quasi-static cyclic loadings around a horizontal axis at the base level. The wall was retrofitted with an array of copper SMA wires with different cross-sectional areas. A new model is proposed for heat-treated copper SMAs and is validated based on published experimental results. A series of nonlinear finite element analyses are then performed on the wall for the purpose of assessing the SMA device retrofitting capabilities. Simulation results show an improvement of the wall response for the case of monotonic and quasi-static cyclic loadings.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.103-111
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• 2018

The Soswaewon Garden, which was constructed by Yang San-Bo around 1520, is a private traditional garden in Korea. Soswaewon Garden has long been and still is the focus of continuous research. However, relatively few studies have been conducted on the restoration of buildings that were lost in the past. The Goam-Jeongsa and Boohwondang buildings, which were lost in 1597 during the Japanese invasion, were restored in 1614 and depicted in a picture of Soswaewon Garden in 1755. However, they eventually disappeared and no longer exist in the present. Therefore, the restoration of these two buildings is considered an urgent task. This research aims to search for the original location of these buildings and estimate their size and shape in terms of physical space. Several years ago, an estimation of the building site was carried out, providing a stepping stone on this matter. This can be studied through "Soswaewon's 48 quatrains with five Chinese characters in each line," "Soswaewon-sasil," and "Soswaewon's drawing." Some parts of the shape of Soswaewon also appear in the "Yuseoseokrok," which is helpful. Thus, in this research, information on the Goam-Jeongsa and Boowondang buildings appearing in research results and literature to date are collectively analyzed. The location and architectural features of both buildings are identified by focusing on excavations. Also, for the purpose of restoration planning, base data on the location, size, and shape of both buildings are presented. In line with this process, a valid restoration plan is presented by analyzing the abovementioned historical research materials and comparing empirical data, such as excavation results.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.14 no.4 s.44
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• pp.59-72
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• 2005

Architectural embodiment of a national identity has long been a significant topic in Korean architectural circles. For this reason, it must be helpful to examine the so-called, 'National Romanticism' of Finnish architecture around 1900 in that Finnish architects of the time struggled to embody their national identity through their projects. Considering the historical and linguistic affinities between Finland and Korea, the Finnish architectural situation draws . our additional attention. This paper aims at showing its historical background, the meaning of each type of buildings in the stream, and limitations it implies. The atmosphere of Finnish nationalist movement, which was provoked by [Kalevala] publications (1835; 1845) and shown in Karelianism, was heightened by Tsarist Empire's Russification programme of Finland in the late 19th century Architecture was one of the most important genres expressing her national identity. Finnish national romantic architecture could be divided into three. The first is a log house style for artists' studio house, motivated by the Finnish vernacular farmstead - especially by Karelian farmhouse. This type of building signifies the Finns' will to return to their motherly soil. The second is a stone architecture style for public buildings, inspired by Finnish church or castle of an early medieval time. By using roughly-cut granite as the main exterior material, buildings of this type symbolise the toughness of legendary heroes and Finns' desire for national Independence. The third type of building was based on both of the former or more dependent on architects' Imagination and creativity. However, Finnish national romantic architecture has been criticised by some critics owing to its decorative, eclectic and self-indulgent characteristics. Probably, it was not really national but rather inter-national because of the Influences of English Arts and Crafts Movement, the American Richardsonian architecture and the continental Art Nouveau. And the negative images of 'national' and 'romantic' made some historians coin other terms like 'national realism' or 'material realism'. As another limitation, one raises the low degree of its contribution to the entire architectural history. Despite these criticisms, however, this paper argues that Finnish national romantic architecture is meaningful in itself, particularly because it illustrates vividly Finns' struggle to search for their national identity and, after all, their craving for national independence.

• Architectural research
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2000

Ever since Viollet-le-Due began to examine Gothic structural elements using his method of geometrical analysis in the nineteenth century, art and architectural historians and a few engineers have periodically attempted to ascertain the structural advantages of the various characteristic features of Gothic architecture. In none of these studies, however, has the way forces work within the lightweight and spacious masonry Gothic buildings been precisely interpreted. The approach taken by art and architectural historians has therefore tended to be primarily descriptive and to be based on intuitive assumptions. This study intend to analyze the Gothic non-vaulted nef unique(aisleless) structures of Lower Languedoc which has never been scientifically tested, and to provide as comprehensive an explanation as possible of the way in which these non-vaulted buildings work. In order to achieve this goal, this paper Is to examine, by means of finite element analysis. the links between the width of non-vaulted aisleless structures, the configuration of the arches, diaphragm arch, and the buttress. Finite element analysis with a computer provides a more accurate analysis than the methods of analysis that have been heretofore applied to Gothic structures, as well as permits us to visualize the global stress behavior of the structure. Combined with traditional methods of studying historical buildings, therefore, finite element analysis inevitably give us a broader understanding of the processes involved in the design and construction of medieval buildings.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.1439-1461
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• 2015

Design criteria, modeling rules, and analysis principles of seismic isolation systems have already found place in important building codes and standards such as the Uniform Building Code and ASCE/SEI 7-05. Although real behaviors of isolation systems composed of high damping or lead rubber bearings are nonlinear, equivalent linear models can be obtained using effective stiffness and damping which makes use of linear seismic analysis methods for seismic-isolated buildings possible. However, equivalent linear modeling and analysis may lead to errors in seismic response terms of multi-story buildings and thus need to be assessed comprehensively. This study investigates the accuracy of equivalent linear modeling via numerical experiments conducted on generic five-story three dimensional seismic-isolated buildings. A wide range of nonlinear isolation systems with different characteristics and their equivalent linear counterparts are subjected to historical earthquakes and isolation system displacements, top floor accelerations, story drifts, base shears, and torsional base moments are compared. Relations between the accuracy of the estimates of peak structural responses from equivalent linear models and typical characteristics of nonlinear isolation systems including effective period, rigid-body mode period, effective viscous damping ratio, and post-yield to pre-yield stiffness ratio are established. Influence of biaxial interaction and plan eccentricity are also examined.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.10 no.2 s.26
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• pp.55-71
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• 2001

This study reviewed the preservation status of the Early Western Style Architecture in Korea based on the on-site research of church buildings which are registered as National Cultural Properties. I have investigated 21 church buildings regarding the frequency, content and concept of restoration. The results are summarized as follows First, the churches have been restored extensively in every 17 years on the average. Second, the main restorations are replacement of bricks, painting, waterproofing, repair of roof and timber. And the main changes are extension of plan, removal of Interior posts, and replacement of floor. Third, the main concept of restorations are historical restoration(62%), critical restoration(23%), stylistic restoration(14%). Forth, the category of restoration have been changed, that is extending of incompletion (1st stage), functional improvement and extension of the span of life(2nd stage), improvement of facilities(3rd stage), restoration to the original state and conservation(4th stage). Fifth, the issues of repairing techniques are revival and replacement of weathered bricks, the removal of painting, and structural reinforcement. This study will be able to be used as the fundamental materials to improve the techniques of restoration of Early Western style masonry buildings.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.111-116
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• 2014

Han-ok has been forgotten by rapid industrialization, however, recent interest in Korean traditional culture and eco friendly architecture are increasing. Government is also processing various policies and research in Han-ok for historical reasons. Still Han-ok is considered as temporary discover stage not daily space. Moreover, previous weakness of Han-ok made it difficult to supply. There is a need to build new Han-ok style public buildings different from traditional or new Han-ok for revitalization of Han-ok. Moreover, development of new Han-ok style public buildings model are needed for the public which include updated concept and function. From public buildings model development and supply people can visit and explore Han-ok. Therefore Han-ok tradition can be modernized. In addition to this Korean traditional culture and mode of living can be developed and conserved. This research focuses on public buildings of Han-ok supplication and aims design elements and regional trend.