• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.43-51
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• 2011

Thanks to the historic sites, the identity of historical landscape of Gyeongju is definitely recognized. When explaining, in other words, the identity of urban scape, we have to know the characteristics of landscape with the changes of the times. Therefore this study is tried to understand the urban scape form and meaning of the historic city Gyeongju, futhermore to find out the identity of urban scape, catching hold of the characteristics of landscape by periods. The research was proceeded through the classifying the concept of Urban form by periods and the basic ideology and adopting the representative landscape at that time with the literatures and maps in the Silla period. And then tried to find out the identity of landscape with the link between the concepts of the representative landscape and that of Urban form in chronological order. The results of this study is relativeness between city and natural environment, type of the Grid - Pattern on urban form, basic ideals were inspired by Buddhism.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.61-70
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• 2017

We surveyed Preah Pithu monument group site in Angkor. We made the map of present condition throughout the actual measurement and 3D scan. And we restored the floor plan, and completed the map of site placement. During this processing, we confirmed the middle axis of temples and studied the relation of temples and made clear the order of sites. Throughout this studying, we verified the middle axis of sites is not matched in Preah Pithu monument group. It is different aspect comparing with general Khmer religion architectures which were built with the planification belonging to strong royal authority and shared main axis through whole sites. In other words, we can estimate that Preah Pithu monument group was not built with planification rather than expanded as occasional demand during the process of actual use.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.93-101
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• 2006

The purpose of this research is to verify what are the characteristic points of the tourism resources in the historical sites and what kind of factors can roll as the tourism resources in two old cities, Kyungju and Kyoto, Those two old cities are the oldest cities in the world and they have several world cultural heritages that registered by UNESCO. In Old historic cultural sites has its own tourism resources factors and characters such as Uniqueness, Authenticity, Historical character, Regional character, Art factor, Religious factor,

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.21-33
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• 2008

In this study, the researcher examined archaeomagnetic secular variation of Chungcheong Region through measured data of archaeomagnet obtained from 34 relics, which discovered in the baked earth from varied historic sites within the region. Furthermore, the researcher closely reviewed regional differences of geomagnetic field in the domestic territory. Reviewing the comparison between the measured data of archaeomagnet in Chungcheong Region and the archaeomagnetic secular variation of Japan, which has difference in distance, it reveals a noticeable change in declination by tilting more than 10 degree toward East in the year of about A.D. 300, although the feature of whole variation is quite similar. In other period of times, it was confirmed that the regional differences of geomagnetic field in which the magnetic dip became deeper to some degree, and the declination was tilted westward a little bit. Such patterns do not differ significantly from the pattern of entire archaeomagnetic secular variation of our country, and even in the direct comparison to the data of Chungcheong Region, the distinct regional difference in both periods before and after Christian era was not confirmed. The fact may become clearer that, when the volume of the measured data of archaeomagnet increases further, and when more data connected with varied time period are filled, the problem such as deviation of the measurement period of archaeomagnet caused by the regional difference of geomagnetic field would not be worrisome issue, especially in Korean territory, judging from the measured data of archaeomagnet of historic relics in Chungcheong Region. Besides, as great efforts are being exerted in order to get the most reliable measured data as much as possible in taking both samples and measurement, it is thought that there would be no problem not only in the issue of deviation of the measurement period involving with the measured data of archeomagnet, but also in the aspect of reliability of data.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.32-47
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine the vegetation maintenance project that was conducted as a part of the Official Development Assistance (ODA) project for the historic site of Angkor, to analyze the aspects and characteristics of the project, and to derive implications for the establishment of future policies and strategies. First, the key words used in the vegetation maintenance project at the historic site of Angkor do not only refer to the concept of plants (and more specifically to 'trees') but also to the concept of heritage. In other words, the concept of heritage is not limited to architectural structures but is also intended to mean the vegetation and surroundings that form the historic site. Second, the expansion of the value of vegetation has contributed to the establishment of the basic principles of conservation based on the 'coexistence' between architectural structures and vegetation; here, vegetation has come to be recognized as an 'essential' element in the conservation of historic sites. Third, the range of vegetation maintenance has expanded from each tree to the surroundings of the temples, and vegetation maintenance came to adopt 'integrative' and 'active' directions to improve not only the growth environment of the vegetation but also the viewing environment experienced by visitors. This change means that it is necessary for the historic site maintenance project to comprehensively deal with the temples and their surrounding areas. Fourth, for the effective performance of the ODA project, the role of the International Coordinating Committee for the Safeguarding and Development of the Historic Site of Angkor (ICC-Angkor), under the influence of UNESCO, was expanded from an examination of the problems with the existing projects to a search for solutions to technical consultation and supervision. This implies that, in order to perform the ODA project in a way that is appropriate to the local conditions, it is important to reach gradual and phased agreements with ICC-Angkor.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.20-33
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• 2018

This study aims to illuminated landscape of Joseon Dynasty in the end of 19th century when Joseon dynasty began to modernize through the perspective of Westerners. Historical meaning to Western people's landscape records has been preceded. And landscape typology and their perception were analyzed. The results were as follows. First, the Westerners who visited Joseon dynasty at that time were involved in the historical and political situation of the Joseon Dynasty or understood their culture through traveling for so long. And record of Westerners is a significant data to analyze scenery at that time because common contents appear in various books. Second, the landscape of Joseon dynasty that appears in Western records was mainly recorded in small towns and villages, natural environments, scenic sites, historic sites, modern facilities, and cultivated areas. Small towns and villages are mainly mentioned with shabby alleys and dense houses. And natural landscape were identified to mountain landscapes and diverse geomorphological landscape that surrounding vegetation along the coast and rivers. The palaces, fortress and temples were recorded as main objects of scenic sites and historic site. And western-style buildings such as foreign legations and settlements, churches and schools were mentioned in the modernized facilities. A cultivated land was confirmed to be underdeveloped and neglected, but as range of view became wider, it was seen to a peaceful and prosperous rural landscape. Third, Westerners' landscape perception of Joseon dynasty at that time can be deduced from positive or negative perceptions. The residential environment was perceived as negative because it was unsanitary and backward. On the contrary, outstanding natural landscapes, scenic sites and historic sites, and upper class gardens were perceived as positive. For modernized landscapes, positive and negative perceptions were similarly mentioned. Positive perceptions were formed in improvement of civilized landscape, and appeared negative perception because damaged traditional landscapes and heterogeneity.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.232-249
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• 2022

The purpose of this article is to review the status of designation and preservation, management of national prehistoric sites and to suggest future applications. Prior to the discussion, the overall status of national prehistoric sites was reviewed. Specifically, the current status of designation, designated area, and distribution by region of national prehistoric sites according to the period and nature of the sites were examined in detail. Next, in order to understand the preservation and management of national prehistoric sites, I report the results of field trips to several sites, such as Geomdan-ri in Ulju, Songguk-ri in Buyeo, and Seoktaek-ri in Hongseong, and propose some measures for preservation, maintenance, and management of the remains. Finally, by referring to cases of US national historic sites such as protection, conservation, operation and management system and academic research project of cultural heritage, it is necessary to consider the need for a direction of the utilization that considers both socio-economic aspects as well as education and research on cultural heritage. The active use of cultural heritage can be a measure that leads to the continuous preservation and management of the sites, and ultimately will be a shortcut to increasing the value of national prehistoric sites.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.24-51
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• 2021

Since June 2006, there have been active efforts to systematize the permission system including the amendment of [Cultural Heritage Protection Act]. Cultural Heritage Administration prepared standards on reviewing each type of cultural heritages(CH) in 2015, promoted a project on the modification of permission standards and showed remarkable performances in quantitative aspects. But as there has been little change for the cases applied for permission, additional studies on policy are required to improve the management efficiency and reduce the citizens'inconvenience. In response, this study aims to identify the actual management status on the current state alteration permission system, and establish practically utilizable reference materials at permission review. While historic sites(HS) constitute a relatively small proportion in state-designated CHs, they are subject to the designation of permission standards. Also, with their location in the downtown area, the application rate is high (51.4%) and the results are commonly utilizable to other types of CH. We constructed a DB based on the minutes of Cultural Heritage Committee(CHC) on HS and categorized similar features in permission handling results. The result of the analysis is as follows. Out of a total of 5,243 cases for permission applied for HS, 1,734 cases of cultural heritage areas(CHA) and 3,509 cases of historic and cultural environment preservation areas(HCEPA) have been applied. CHA has a great proportion of the applications for events and festivals, which are highly related to CHs or representing the local area. There is a high permission rate on applications for the purpose of public service by local governments. Meanwhile, HCEPA has a high proportion of applying for the installation and extension of buildings and facilities at the private level. Thus, negative decisions were made for tall buildings, massed facilities, or suspected scattering of similar acts. Our actual condition analysis has identified a total of 78 types of harmful acts which may influence the preservation of CHs. 31 types in CHA and 37 types in HCEPA are categorized. Especially, 10 common types of permission have been confirmed in both sectors. As a result, it is expected to secure consistency in the permission administration, enhance the management efficiency and improve the public's satisfaction over the regulatory administration by providing practically utilizable reference materials for altering the current state of CH and for decision making on the part of CHC.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.19-29
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is for consideration of John Galliano's fashion design works. Galliano, young British designer, became the chief designer of Givenchy in 1995 and of Christian Dior in 1996. Through fashion information from WWD, High Fashion, Mode et Mode, Collezioni, Vogue, Internet sites and video tapes from 1995 to 1999, his works were concerned for this study. The results are as followed; First, we can find dynamics in Galliano's works. The dynamic mood came from his study about historic costume. Second, new beauty from dismantling and reconstruction was expressed on his designs. Third, his experimental creativities were based on fashion business. Therefore Galliano's eccentricity signify the Maximalism against the Minimalism which dominated the end of 20th century. So we can find a clue to new millenium in fashion world in his designs.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.11 no.1 s.24
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• pp.45-49
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• 2003

This study was peformed in two ways, which are 'Before' 'After' carrying out trench search through GPR which is called 'Non Destructive Geophysical' to the expected area where the remains of historic interest could be distributed within the highway construction site from Dae-gu to Busan. As a result, the layer containing gravel and sand has more irregular specular surface then others containing silt and clay, And, apart block irregular specular surfaces of prominence and depression patter appeared. After performing trench search, verified that the site yield dolmens and lots of stone implements.