• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.459-462
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• 2012

Expression of estrogen-receptor (ER), progesterone-receptor (PR) and HER-2 has recently been linked with various breast cancer subtypes identified by gene microarray. This study aimed to document breast cancer subtypes based on ER, PR and HER-2 status in Thai women, where expression of these subtypes may not be similar to those evident in Western women. During 2009 to 2010, histological findings from 324 invasive ductal carcinomas (IDC) at Siriraj Hospital were studied. Various subtypes of IDC were identified according to expression of ER, PR and HER-2: luminal-A (ER+;PR+/-;HER-2-), luminal-B (ER+;PR+/-;HER-2 +), HER-2 (ER-;PR- ;HER-2+) and basal-like (ER-;PR-;HER-2-). As well, associations of tumor size, tumor grade, nodal status, angiolymphatic invasion (ALI), multicentricity and multifocality with different breast cancer subtypes were studied. Of 324 IDCs, 143 (44.1%), 147 (45.4%), 15 (4.6%) and 12 (3.7%) were T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively. Most tumors were grade 2 (54.9%) and had no nodal involvement (53.4%). According to ER, PR and HER-2 status, 192 (59.3%), 40 (12.3%), 43 (13.3%) and 49 (15.1%) tumors were luminal-A, luminal-B, HER-2 and basal-like subtypes. HER-2 subtype presented with large tumor (p=0.04, ANOVA). Luminal-A IDC was associated with single foci (p<0.01, ${\chi}^2$). HER-2 and basal-like subtypes were likely to have high tumor grade (p<0.01, ${\chi}^2$). In addition, HER-2 subtype had higher number of nodal involvement (p=0.048, ${\chi}^2$). In conclusion, the luminal-A subtype accounted for the majority of IDCs in Thai women. Percentages of HER-2 and basal-like IDCs were high, compared with a recent study from the USA. The HER-2 subtype was related with high nodal invasion. The findings may highlight biological differences between IDCs occurring in Asian and Western women.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.395-401
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• 2009

Purpose: We evaluated $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT findings in initially diagnosed adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the head and neck in association with pathological subtype, staging, uptake comparison with squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC) and prognosis. Materials and Methods: The subjects were 16 patients with initially diagnosed ACC of head and neck who underwent pretreatment $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT. Histological subtype (solid pattern vs. tubular/cribriform pattern), $SUV_{max}$ of size-matched SqCC of the head and neck as control group, disease-free survival (DFS) were compared with the $SUV_{max}$ of ACC of the head and neck. Results: Of total 16 patients, 6 had solid pattern and the remaining 10 had tubular/cribriform pattern. The $SUV_{max}$ were significantly higher in solid pattern group than in tubular/cribriform pattern group ($6.7{\pm}3.2$ vs. $4.2{\pm}0.9$, p=0.03). PET/CT found unexpected distant metastasis in 18.7% of patients (3/16) and changed the therapeutic plan in those patients. The $SUV_{max}$ of ACC was significantly lower than that of size-matched SqCC ($5.1{\pm}2.4$ vs. $13.6{\pm}6.0$, p<0.001). DFS was not significantly different according to the histological subtype. In contrast, patients with high $^{18}F$-FDG uptake ($SUV_{max}$ ${\geq}$6.0) had significantly shorter DFS than those with low $^{18}F$-FDG uptake ($SUV_{max}$ <6.0). Conclusion: $^{18}F$-FDG uptake of ACC of the head and neck is significantly associated with histological subtype and DFS. $^{18}F$-FDG PET/CT may be useful for detecting unexpected metastasis. Since $^{18}F$-FDG uptake of tubular/cribriform ACC compared with SqCC is relatively low, it is necessary to interpret PET images carefully in patients without alleged ACC.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.4223-4231
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• 2016

Background: Development of new apoptosis-inducing drugs is a promising trend in anticancer therapy. For this purpose several formamidinoderivatives of doxorubicin were synthesized. The aim of our study was to investigate effects of the five formamidinodoxorubicins in the ES-2 human ovarian clear cell carcinoma line, for comparison with data obtained previously for SKOV-3 human ovarian adenocarcinoma cells, to answer the question of whether and to what extent the histological cell type is a possible determinant of sensitivity to tested anthracyclines. Materials and Methods: In our experimental work the following methods were used: spectrophotometric assays with MTT; fluorimetric assays - double staining with Hoechst 33258 and propidium iodide (PI), measurement of caspase-3, -8, -9 activity, intracellular accumulation of DOX and analogues, estimation of drug uptake, mitochondrial transmembrane potential; flow cytometry - phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization with annexin V-FITC and PI fluorochromes. Results: Effects of the derivatives of doxorubicin were partially linked with the specific type of cancer cell although intracellular accumulation and cellular uptake of DOX and derivatives were similar in both. All of the investigated derivatives were considerably more cytotoxic than DOX. Formamidinodoxorubicins were able to induce caspase-dependent apoptotic cell death in both cell types. Conclusions: All new formamidine derivatives of DOX were able to induce caspase - dependent apoptosis in human ovarian cancer cell lines SKOV-3 and ES-2. Obtained results suggested that formamidine derivatives of DOX may be promising candidates for the prospective chemotherapeutic agents for the two different histological subtypes of ovarian cancer.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.65 no.4
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• pp.499-506
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• 2022

Objective : We conducted this study with the aim of predicting the biological behavior of meningiomas, and determining the benefits of associating histological subtype and grade with the expression of proliferative markers and tumor suppressor proteins. Methods : The study included 29 patients with primary intracranial and intraspinal meningioma diagnosed in the pathology laboratory of Konya City Hospital between January 2014 and December 2020. Clinicopathological characteristics of the patients including parameters such as age and gender were obtained from the hospital records. Histopathological findings were obtained by re-evaluating the preparations stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin, which were extracted from the archive, and by evaluating new sections obtained from paraffin blocks of patients stained with Ki67, p53, and p57 immunohistochemical stains. Results : A moderate correlation was found between tumor size and Ki67 proliferation index (PI) (p=0.003, r=0.530). There was no significant difference between grade I and grade II tumors in terms of p53 (p=0.184) and p57 (p=0.487) expressions. There were higher levels of Ki67 PI in grade II tumors. The histological subtypes of the tumor had no significant difference with Ki67 PI (p=0.018), p53 (p=0.662), and p57 (p=0.368) expressions. Conclusion : In order to obtain more definitive results, there is a need for studies, which are conducted with a greater number of patients and in multiple centers, and in which a long prospective follow-up is planned. The combination of histological, surgical, and imaging markers could make a more sensitive tool for predicting recurrence, and this could also be tested in future studies.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.15
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• pp.6109-6113
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• 2014

Background: Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease with molecular subtypes that have biological distinctness and different behavior. They are classified into luminal A, luminal B, Her-2 and triple negative/basal-like molecular subtypes. Most of breast cancers reported in Indonesia are already large size, with high grade or late stage but the clinicopathological features of different molecular subtypes are still unclear. They need to be better clarified to determine proper treatment and prognosis. Aim: To elaborate the clinicopathological features of molecular subtypes of breast cancers in Indonesian women. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study of 84 paraffin-embedded tissues of breast cancer samples from Dr. Sardjito General Hospital in Central Java, Indonesia was performed. Expression of ER, PR, Her-2 and Ki-67 was analyzed to classify molecular subtypes of breast cancer by immunohistochemistry. The relation of clinicopathological features of breast cancers with molecular subtypes of luminal A, luminal B, Her-2 and triple negative/basal-like were analyzed using Pearson's Chi-Square test. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Case frequency of luminal A, Luminal B, Her-2+ and triple negative/basal-like subtypes were 38.1%, 16.7%, 20.2% and 25%, respectively. Significant difference was found in breast cancer molecular subtypes in regard to age, histological grade, lymph node status and staging. However it showed insignificant result in regard to tumor size. Luminal A subtype of breast cancer was commonly found in >50 years old women (p:0.028), low grade cancer (p:0.09), negative lymph node metastasis (p:0.034) and stage III (p:0.017). Eventhough the difference was insignificant, luminal A subtype breast cancer was mostly found in small size breast cancer (p:0.129). Her-2+ subtype breast cancer was more commonly diagnosed with large size, positive lymph node metastasis and poor grade. Triple negative/basal-like cancer was mostly diagnosed among <50 years old women. Conclusions: This study suggests that immunohistochemistry-based subtyping is essential to classify breast carcinoma into subtypes that vary in clinicopathological features, implying different therapeutic options and prognosis for each subtype.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.4693-4697
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• 2016

Aim: The objective of this study is to investigate prognostic factors affecting survival of patients undergoing concurrent or sequential chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for stage III non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCL). Methods and materials: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of 148 patients with advanced, inoperable stage III NSCLC, who were treated between 2007 and 2015. Results: The median survival was found to be 19 months and 3-year overall survival was 27%. Age (<65 vs ${\geq}65years$, p=0.026), stage (IIIA vs IIIB, p=0.033), dose of radiotherapy (RT) (<60 vs ${\geq}60Gy$, p=0.024) and treatment method (sequential chemotherapy+RT vs concurrent CRT, p=0.023) were found to be factors affecting survival in univariate analyses. Gender, histological subtype, weight loss during CRT, performance status, induction/consolidation chemotherapy and presence of comorbidities did not affect survival (p>0.050). Conclusion: Young age, stage IIIA, radiotherapy dose and concurrent chemoradiotherapy may positively affect survival in stage III NSCL cases.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.13
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• pp.5167-5169
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• 2014

This study was conducted to describe the characteristics of Hodgkin lymphoma in Iranian children. In a referral center for pediatric oncology (Mofid Hospital) in Tehran, patient data over a 10-year period were retrieved and recorded accordingly. Among 82 cases, 73.2% were male, 26.8% were female, and 70.7% were 5-9 years old. About 40% of patients were in stage III and 42.7% had systemic signs. Cervical nodes were commonly involved (91.5%). The most frequent histological subtype was mixed cellularity. The main hematological features were anemia (47.6%), lymphopenia (20.7%), and eosinophilia (8.7%). Survival rate was 72%, and 8.4% of patients were deceased. A 3% recurrence rate was observed in our patients. A significant relationship was found between the stage of disease and systemic signs (P<0.0005, ${\chi}^2$). Despite diagnosis of Hodgkin lymphoma in many children in Iran being made in higher stages, the mortality rate is relatively low.

• The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology
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• v.72 no.6
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• pp.277-280
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• 2018

Although small bowel the mainly occupies the most part of the gastrointestinal tract, small intestine tumors are rare, insidious in clinical presentation, and frequently represent a diagnostic and management challenge. Small bowel tumors are generally classified as epithelial, mesenchymal, lymphoproliferative, or metastatic. Familial adenomatous polyposis and Peutz-Jeghers syndrome are the most common inherited intestinal polyposis syndromes. Until the advent of capsule endoscopy (CE) and device-assisted enteroscopy (DAE) coupled with the advances in radiology, physicians had limited diagnostic examination for small bowel examination. CE and new radiologic imaging techniques have made it easier to detect small bowel tumors. DAE allows more diagnosis and deeper reach in small intestine. CT enteroclysis/CT enterography (CTE) provides information about adjacent organs as well as pictures of the intestinal lumen side. Compared to CTE, Magnetic resonance enteroclysis/enterography provides the advantage of soft tissue contrast and multiplane imaging without radiation exposure. Treatment and prognosis are tailored to each histological subtype of tumors.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2022

The incidence of gastric neuroendocrine tumors (NET) has been increased with the improvement of endoscopy accessibility. The World Health Organization classified NET of low (G1), intermediate (G2), high (G3) grade and neuroendocrine carcinoma with poor differentiation by mitotic count and Ki-67 labeling index. Gastric NET are divided into three subtypes based on the pathophysiology, and treatment is determined according to the subtype and prognostic factors of tumor. For diagnosis, endoscopy with biopsy, endoscopic ultrasonography, abdominal pelvis computed tomography, and serum gastrin level measure are required. In general, type 3, size > 2 cm, deep submucosal infiltration, high histological grade, lymphovascular invasion and metastasis are poor prognostic factors. Type 1 or 2 without these factors are treated by endoscopic resection, and other tumors needs surgery. Endoscopic resection of early type 3 or type 1 and 2 tumors with poor prognostic factors still remains a challenge.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.181-184
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• 2015

Background: Breast cancer is the most common female cancer in Kerala, South India, with the incidence increasing in the past two decades, also in young women. However, there are limited data regarding the burden of disease, its epidemiology and histopathological characteristics in the state. Materials and Methods: This desciptive study covered 303 breast cancers evaluated during the period of December 2011 to August 2013 in the Department of Pathology, Government Medical College, Kottayam.The patients were also interviewed regarding selected risk factors. Results: The majority of the cases were 41-60 years of age with a mean at presentation of 53 years. Infiltrating ductal carcinoma was the most common subtype, followed by pure mucinous carcinoma and then lobular carcinoma. Of the cases, 6.6% were nullipara and 52.8% had fewer than or equal to 2 children. Median age at first child birth was 23 years (national value-19.8 years). A significant proportion (15%) had family history of breast cancer. Some 13.5%(41 cases) comprised the young breast cancer group (${\leq}40$years) with a mean age at first child birth in them was 27.4 years, 5 being nullipara and 6 having a positive family history. Conclusions: Breast cancer awareness, better availability of screening techniques and identification and targeting high risk groups all help to tackle the increasing load of breast carcinoma. A good proportion of cases comprised the young breast cancer group (under 40). Younger women should thus also be educated about breast carcinoma-risk factors, symptoms and diagnostic techniques to help in early detection and effective approach esto treatment.