• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.35-39
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• 2019

Calcifying aponeurotic fibroma (CAF) is an uncommon benign soft-tissue fibroblastic tumor with characteristic histological features. It mainly occurs in the distal part of the extremities, such as the hands and feet, in children and adolescents. Males are twice as commonly affected as females. CAF exhibits local invasiveness, and hence, its recurrence rate is also high. Therefore, complete surgical excision is both diagnostic and therapeutic. The occurrence of CAF in the maxillofacial region, especially the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), is very rare, and this necessitates its differentiation from other TMJ neoplasms. The differential diagnosis of CAF requires microscopic examination. Herein, we report a rare case of CAF located at the left mandibular condyle, which was confirmed by histopathological analysis.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2022

The incidence of gastric neuroendocrine tumors (NET) has been increased with the improvement of endoscopy accessibility. The World Health Organization classified NET of low (G1), intermediate (G2), high (G3) grade and neuroendocrine carcinoma with poor differentiation by mitotic count and Ki-67 labeling index. Gastric NET are divided into three subtypes based on the pathophysiology, and treatment is determined according to the subtype and prognostic factors of tumor. For diagnosis, endoscopy with biopsy, endoscopic ultrasonography, abdominal pelvis computed tomography, and serum gastrin level measure are required. In general, type 3, size > 2 cm, deep submucosal infiltration, high histological grade, lymphovascular invasion and metastasis are poor prognostic factors. Type 1 or 2 without these factors are treated by endoscopic resection, and other tumors needs surgery. Endoscopic resection of early type 3 or type 1 and 2 tumors with poor prognostic factors still remains a challenge.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.3877-3880
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• 2013

Objective: To explore the expression and significance of tumor specific growth factor (TSGF), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and alpha fetoprotein (AFP) in cancer tissue and serum of patients with colon cancer. Materials and Methods: Radical surgery for colon cancer was performed on 43 patients with laparoscopu under conditions of general anesthesia. The Elisa method was used to detect the levels of serum TSGF, CEA and AFP before and after radical operation, and cancer tissue underwent TSGF, CEA and AFP immunohistochemistry staining after laparoscopic surgery. The decreased conditions of serum TSGF, CEA and AFP in patients with colon cancer at different levels of differentiation and clinical stagings were analyzed, and the relationships of expression rates between histological types, colon cancer morphology, lymph node metastasis and TSGF, CEA as well as AFP in cancer tissue were assessed. Results: Compared with before radical surgery, the levels of serum TSGF, CEA and AFP decreased notably in patients after operations (p<0.01). The decreased degree of TSGF and CEA was the largest in patients with poorly differentiated cancer tissue (p<0.01), while that of AFP was noted in patients with moderately differentiated cancer tissue (p<0.01). The decreased degree of TSGF and AFP was the largest in patients at phase Dukes A (p<0.01), while that of CEA in patients at phase Dukes C (p<0.01). There were no significant differences among the positive expression rates of TSGF, CEA and AFP with different histological types and colon cancer morphologies (p>0.05). The positive expression rates of TSGF and CEA in patients with lymph node metastasis were significantly higher than those without lymph node metastasis (p<0.01). Conclusions: TSGF, CEA and AFP can be used to evaluate the effect of radical operation for colon cancer, and the changed levels of different markers are associated with tumor differentiation, clinical stating and presence or absence of lymph node metastasis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.5049-5053
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• 2014

Background: To investigate the expression of CD44v3 and vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) and their relationship with lymph node metastasis in squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of the uterine cervix. Materials and Methods: Expression of CD44v3 and VEGF-C was analyzed in 109 cases of cervical SCC by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The relationship was analyzed between expression and the patient age, histological differentiation, formation of tumor emboli in lymphoid vessels, lymph node metastasis, FIGO staging, and TNM classification. Results: Expression rates for both CD44v3 and VEGF-C were 43.1% in cervical SCC. The cells with positive immunohistochemical staining of CD44v3 were distributed mainly around the keratin pearls in well differentiated carcinomas, but distributed diffusely in the moderately and poorly differentiated lesions. VEGF-C was found stained positively in most of the tumor cells. There were differences in expression between normal epithelium and atypical hyperplasia as well as carcinoma. Both CD44v3 and VEGF-C were found to be associated positively with lymph node metastasis and TNM classification (both p=0.000). Neither CD44v3 nor VEGF-C was found to be associated with patient age, histological differentiation, formation of tumor emboli in lymphoid vessels and FIGO staging. CD44v3 was found to be associated with VEGF-C positively (p=0.000). Conclusions: Abnormal expression of CD44v3 and VEGF-C is associated closely with the lymph node metastasis in cervical SCC, and these agents may cooperate in carcinogenesis and development of metastatic lesions.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.3779-3784
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• 2014

Aims: To study alterations of plasma lipid profiles in carcinoma cervix and to assess significance comparedwith controls in different histological grades and stages. Materials and Methods: Totals of 99 histopathologically diagnosed cases and 35 controls from a tertiary hospital situated in the southern part of India which caters the rural and semi-urban populations were considered for the study. Fasting blood samples were taken to analyze total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low density lipoproteins cholesterol (LDL-C), for comparison of cases, grouped according to histological grades and stages, and controls. One way ANOVA was used for multiple group comparisons and the Student's t test (unpaired) for group wise comparisons. For all tests a 'p' value of 0.05 or less was considered as significant. Results: Out of 99 cases, most (n-39) were seen in the 40-49 year age group followed by 60-69 years (n-22). Serum TG significantly differed between cases and controls but without any relation to differentiation grade. The lipid profile parameters in various grades of cervical cancer were not statistically significant. Statistically significant increase of TC and LDL-C values was observed with increase in stage of the disease. Conclusions: The study showed TG is elevated in cervical cancer, and that TC and LDL-C are proportional to the spread of cancer as it increases from stage I to stage IV. An in-depth study of molecular changes in lipid metabolism in cervical cancer patients, enzymes/genes responsible and alterations in LDL receptors is necessary to provide information to decide whether the lipid profile has any diagnostic/prognostic role in cervical cancer.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.105-124
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• 1999

마우스(ICR mouse)의 신경배형성에 따른 뇌 및 척수 신경상피의 조직학적 및 미세구조적 분화를 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 배발생 8일 (embryonic day 8) 마우스배 (mouse embryo)에서 위중층원주상피의 신경판 및 신경고랑이 형성되었고, 배발생 9일에서는 두부의 전단부 및 말단부를 제외한 전 체장에서 신경관이 형성되었으며, 배발생 10일에서는 미아에서 이차신경배형성이 이루어졌다. 배발생 8일 마우스배의 미부 말단부에서는 신경상피와 중간엽과의 경계가 불분명한 원시선이 관찰되었고, 두부에서는 신경상피, 척삭 및 중간엽세포의 구분이 분명하였다. 배발생 9일과 10일 마우스배의 경우, 후뇌 부위에서는 표피 외배엽세포의 결합에 의하여, 척수 부위에서는 신경상피세포의 결합에 의하여 덮개판을 이루어졌고, 바닥판은 높이가 낮은 위중층원주상피세포로 이루어겼다. 배발생 10일 마우스배에서 척수의 운동신경이 처음 분화되었다. 배발생 9일과 10일 마우스배에서 신경상피세포들은 세포소기관의 분화 및 전자밀도의 차이에 따라 암세포, 중간형세포 및 명세포로 구분되었다. 배발생 9일에서는 모든 형의 세포가 관찰되었으나, 배발생 10일에서는 중간형 및 명세포들 만이 관찰되었다. 모든 신경상피세포에서 free ribosome 및 polysome들이 다같이 발달하였으나, 암세포에서는 RER과 lipid droplet들, 중간형세포와 명세포에서는 Golgi체들이 발달하였다. 중간형세포의 세포질돌기에서는 신경미세섬유, 명세포의 세포질들기에서는 신경미세섬유 뿐만 아니라 미세소관들도 다수 관찰되었다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.4013-4018
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• 2014

Because of its importance in tumor invasion and metastasis, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has become a research focus in the field of cancer. Recently, evidence has been presented that FoxO4 might be involved in EMT. Our study aimed to detect the expression of FoxO4, E-cadherin and vimentin in non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). We also investigated clinical features and their correlations with the markers. In our study, FoxO4, E-cadherin and vimentin were assessed by immunohistochemistry in a tissue microarray (TMA) containing 150 cases of NSCLC. In addition, the expression level of FoxO4 protein was determined by Western blotting. The percentages of FoxO4, E-cadherin and vimentin positive expression in NSCLCs were 42.7%, 38.7% and 55.3%, respectively. Immunoreactivity of FoxO4 was low in NSCLC when compared with paired normal lung tissues. There were significant correlations between FoxO4 and TNM stage (P<0.001), histological differentiation (P=0.004) and lymph node metastasis (P<0.001), but no significant links with age (P=0.323), gender (P=0.410), tumor size (P=0.084), smoking status (P=0.721) and histological type (P=0.281). Our study showed that low expression of FoxO4 correlated with decreased expression of E-cadherin and elevated expression of vimentin. Cox regression analysis indicated FoxO4 to be an independent prognostic factor in NSCLC (P=0.046). These data suggested that FoxO4 might inhibit the process of EMT in NSCLC, and might therefore be a target for therapy.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.324-330
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• 2017

Objectives: There are only a limited number of studies on cyclin D1 and p63 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and leukoplakia. This study compared cyclin D1 and p63 expression in leukoplakia and OSCC to investigate the possible correlation of both markers with grade of dysplasia and histological grade of OSCC. Materials and Methods: The study included a total of 60 cases, of which 30 were diagnosed with OSCC and 30 with leukoplakia, that were evaluated immunohistochemically for p63 and cyclin D1 expression. Protein expression was correlated based on grades of dysplasia and OSCC. Results: Out of 30 cases of OSCC, 23 cases (76.7%) were cyclin D1 positive and 30 cases (100%) were p63 positive. Out of 30 cases of leukoplakia, 21 cases (70.0%) were cyclin D1 positive and 30 (100%) were p63 positive (P<0.05). Conclusion: The overall expression of cyclin D1 and p63 correlated with tumor differentiation, and increases were correlated with poor histological grades, from well-differentiated to poorly-differentiated SCC. Increased cyclin D1 and p63 expression was associated with the severity of leukoplakia. Based on these results cyclin D1 and p63 products can be a useful tool for improved leukoplakia prognosis.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.253-258
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• 2002

Androgenic gland는 대부분의 수컷 연갑류의 제1, 2차 성징의 분화와 성적행동을 유발시키는 호르몬을 분비하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 생식소지수와 정소 및 AC의 조직학적 조사결과, 본 종에서 정자형성이 활발히 일어나는 시기는 5$\~$7월이며 8월부터는 대부분의 개체에서 정자형성은 관찰되지 않았다. 따라서 본 종의 수컷은 5월에서 7월이 성적으로 가장 활발하며 이 시기에 AG는 increased secretory activity를 나타내는 여러 징후를 보인다.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.26-34
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• 2010

Background: Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is an interstitial lung disease that develops following repeated exposure to inhaled particulate antigens. The family of $Fc{\gamma}$ receptors ($Fc{\gamma}Rs$) has emerged as central regulators for modulating both pro-and anti-inflammatory responses. However, the role of $Fc{\gamma}Rs$ in the development of HP has not been investigated yet. Methods: To explore the functional roles of $Fc{\gamma}Rs$ in HP, $Fc{\gamma}R^{-/-}$ and B6 mice were challenged with Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula (SR) antigen intranasally, and compared these mice in terms of the histological change, infiltrated immune cells in BALF and in vitro immune responses. Results: $Fc{\gamma}R^{-/-}$ mice exhibited attenuation of HP in terms of histological alterations, and reduced numbers of neutrophils and macrophages in and the increased CD4 : CD8 ratio of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The lungs of $Fc{\gamma}R^{-/-}$ mice showed high production of Th2 cytokine such as IL-4 and slightly low production of Th1 cytokine, INF-${\gamma}$ compared to those of B6 mice. However, SR-specific adaptive immune responses of $Fc{\gamma}R^{-/-}$ mice were similar to those of B6 mice. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that activating $Fc{\gamma}$ receptors play an important role in activating neutrophils and macrophages in pulmonary inflammation and inducing Th1 differentiation by regulating cytokine expression in SR-induced HP.