• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.13-31
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• 2023

The sesarmid crab Muradium tetragonum, inhabiting the mangrove, are considered as a key consumer of litter and thereby play an important role in the detritus food chain and energy flow in the mangrove ecosystem. The present investigation was carried out with objectives to enlighten the reproductive system of Muradium tetragonum through histological and histochemical studies. Histological organization of the testis of M. tetragonum revealed that each testis has a lobular structure consisting of several testicular lobules arranged around the collecting duct. Histology of the deferens of M. tetragonum revealed it to be composed of three-layer of tissues along the entire length:the outer connective tissue, the middle muscular and the inner epithelial layer. Based on the histological architecture these three regions are recognized as proximal vas deferens (PVD), middle vas deferens (MVD) and distal vas deferens (DVD). Histological characteristics of the ovary of M. tetragonum during different phases of ovarian development were studied. Based on the colour changes of the ovary and diameter of the oocytes five stages of ovarian development can be pronounced. Histochemical analysis of the male reproductive tissues of M. tetragonum signifies the secretion of a different biomolecule by specifying their origin in the reproductive tissue and their possible transformation into spermatophores. In the female reproductive tissues, histochemical evaluation envisaged the secretory products during different stages of ovarian development The secretory substances of the spermatheca expound on the significance of its secretion in dehiscing the spermatophore wall and in nourishing as well as protecting the spermatozoa.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.253-258
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• 2002

The androgenic gland secretes a hormone, androgenic gland hormone, which is believed to act on the differentiation of the primary, secondary, and behavioral sex characteristics in most malacostracan crustaceans. Based on the changes in gonado-somatic indexe and histological observation of testis and androgenic gland cell, testicular maturation and spermatogenesis of M. nipponense occurred early in summer (May to July), and generally spermatogenesis was absent in August. It could be, concluded that May to July is the period when adult males of this species are sexually active, and androgenic gland showed signs of increased secretory activity.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.696-703
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• 2015

We investigated the characteristics of embryonic and abnormal organ development in haploid olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, by comparing egg development and histological sections in haploid and diploid individuals. After the mid-blastula transition, abnormal development was observed in haploid fish, including delayed epiboly and malformation of the germ ring and embryonic body. In haploid flounder, Kupffer’s vesicles are irregularly shaped and of variable size compared to diploids. The embryonic body of haploids was shorter and broader than that of diploids and the tail length and size were variable. Most haploid embryos failed to hatch and the few larvae that did, did not survive for more than 6 h. The histological analysis of haploid larvae revealed deformed development in diverse organs, including the eye, otic vesicles, notochord, and neural tube. These results may be related to an abnormality in the axial system of haploid larvae. This study confirmed that the abnormalities of haploid olive flounder were similar to the reported characteristics of haploid syndrome. The abnormalities are caused by delayed epiboly and involution and deformity of Kupffer’s vesicle during egg development.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.793-800
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• 2013

This study was conducted to determine the physiological and histological characteristics of starry flounder Platichthys stellatus juveniles to undergo a short/long starvation period and subsequent re-feeding with 2 weeks interval for 65 days. All findings from this study indicate the possibility of a very rapid recovery possibility of starry flounder after short starvation period for 2 or 4 weeks. The mean body weight after 2 and 4 weeks starvation were not significantly different after 65 days. However, the body weight of 6 and 8 weeks starved fishes showed significantly low value than 2 weeks starved fishes. All biomarkers, liver somatic index, RNA/DNA ratio and blood chemistry, in this study showed fast recovery possibility after re-feeding of starry flounder. During the starvation and recovery process, they showed distinct increasing and decreasing tendency. From 21-28 days after re-feeding, most biomarkers reached to their maximum value and thereafter decreased again in 2, 4 and 6 weeks starvation and re-feeding groups. It could be interpreted as a compensatory growth and strategical action against starvation.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.165-173
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• 2012

A 26 day experiment was conducted to determine the effects of feeding and starvation on the survival, morphology, and histology in chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) fry. We included three experimental groups: starved, fed, and initial. The survival and growth rates were lower in the starved group than in the fed group (P < 0.05). In the starved group, survival began to decline after 16 days, and all fish had died after 26 days. We determined the effects of starvation on the morphometric parameters using the truss and classical dimensions. The dimensions in the head region were larger in the starved group than in the initial and fed groups. In contrast, the truss dimensions of the fed group were larger than those of the initial and starved groups. Starvation reduced the heights of the hepatocyte nuclei and of the intestinal epithelium (P < 0.05). The starved group also showed atrophy of the digestive structures and shrinkage of the foregut and midgut. Starvation led to the degeneration and atrophy of the exocrine pancreas, in which the lumen was markedly diminished and the folds of mucosa were less apparent. The hepatocyte morphology in the starved group was abnormal compared with that of the initial and fed groups, with highly compact, irregularly shrunken nuclei. Melanomacrophages were randomly distributed in the kidneys of the starved group, and their abundance increased rapidly during the experiment. In contrast, neither the initial nor fed group had any melanomacrophages. These results suggest that the nutritional parameters used in this study are useful indices of nutritional status in chum salmon.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.29 no.12
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• pp.1628-1633
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• 2000

Objective : The incidence of primary CNS lymphoma(PCNSL) has been increasing recently. The purpose of this study is to establish of prognostic factors and treatment options for PCNSL. Methods : Thirty-one PCNSL patients were treated in our institute between 1985 and 1997. All patients were histologically confirmed via stereotactic biopsy or open biopsy. The authors retrospectively analyzed clinical characteristics of PCNSL and prognostic factors, including histological cell types, immunohistological cell types and treatment options of PCNSL. Our data were statistically analyzed using Kaplan Meier survival curve and multivariated ANOVA test. Results : The clinical and radiological characteristics of PCNSL were resembled to those of other reports. The most common histological subtype was diffuse large cell type(55.5%). In immunohistolgical study, the incidence of T-cell lymphoma(35.7%) was very higher than that of others. The radiotherapy could prolonged patients' survival(p=0.021). One-year and 3-year survival rate of PCNSL were 66.9% and 45.9%, respectively. One-year survival rate of B cell and T cell lymphoma were 72.7% and 50.0%, respectively. The patients with B-cell lymphoma showed better prognosis than patients with T-cell lymphoma(p=0.049). Conclusion : On the basis of our data, active radiotherapy could prolong patients' survival. the T-cell lymphoma revealed higher incidence than those of other reports and had poor prognosis than that of B cell lymphoma.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.245-251
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• 2006

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of caponization on the bone characteristics, biomechanical property and histology in Taiwan country chickens fed to market age of 26 wks. Male Taiwan country chickens $D{\times}L_2$ were caponized or sham-operated at 8 wks of age, and selected healthy sham-operated and completely caponized chickens (prominent degenerated comb) were selected at 16 wks old and fed to 26 wks old for the trials. Fifteen intact male chickens (Intact), sham-operated chickens (Sham) and caponized chickens (Capon) were assigned for trial 1, and sixteen Intact and Capon were assigned for trial 2. Results in trial 1 showed that the abdominal fat and relative abdominal fat weights of Capon were significantly heavier than Intact and Sham (p<0.05), while the tibia weight and relative weight were the lightest (p<0.05). The tibia breaking strength, bending moment and stress of Capon were the poorest among groups (p<0.05). The trial 2 produced the similar observation that Capon were significantly lighter than Intact (p<0.05) in the tibia weight, relative tibia weight and their biomechanical properties. On histological determinations, Capon showed a thinner cartilage end and fewer chondrocytes (about 50%) and trabecular, and bigger marrow cavity; while decreased hemopoietic cells number with increased adipocytes than Intact observed by H&E stain and at low magnification. At high magnification, Capon showed a decrease in the chondrocyte size by 33 to 50%, with smaller nucleus located near the cell membrane, and exhibited monocellular form chondrocytes. Capon also showed a less strongly acidic sulfated mucosubstance with weaker dyeing property within cartilage zone, and smaller chondrocytes size by Alcian blue stain.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.511-515
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• 2013

Hypocotyls explants of melon seedling were cultured on Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium supplemented with 1 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) and 0.5 mg/L benzyl aminopurine (BA) for 6 weeks to produce somatic embryos. In somatic embryos produced through intervening bright yellow friable (BYF) from the explants, somatic embryos with two-cotyledon (26%) and horn-type cotyledon (74%) were observed. The procambial strand of cotyledons was originated from circular procambial tissues of lower hypocotyls. The circular procambial independently divided into two procambial strand at the edge of cotyledonary-node, and then connected to each cotyledon to form somatic embryos with two-cotyledon. When cotyledon was horn-type, the circular procambial strand in lower hypocotyls would continuously remain connected to the cotyledon. However, somatic embryos with two or horn type cotyledon formed an abnormal shoot apex without the tunica-corpus structure or dome shape in the inter-cotyledonary area. These results demonstrated that the variation of cotyledon in somatic embryos was closely related to procambial tissue differentiation and shoot apical formation.

• Biomaterials Research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.271-278
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• 2018

Background: The chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is regulated by many factors, including oxygen tensions, growth factors, and cytokines. Evidences have suggested that low oxygen tension seems to be an important regulatory factor in the proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation in various MSCs. Recent studies report that synovium-derived mesenchymal stem cells (SDSCs) are a potential source of stem cells for the repair of articular cartilage defects. But, the effect of low oxygen tension on the proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation in SDSCs has not characterized. In this study, we investigated the effects of hypoxia on proliferation and chondrogenesis in SDSCs. Method: SDSCs were isolated from patients with osteoarthritis at total knee replacement. To determine the effect of oxygen tension on proliferation and colony-forming characteristics of SDSCs, A colony-forming unit (CFU) assay and cell counting-based proliferation assay were performed under normoxic (21% oxygen) or hypoxic (5% oxygen). For in vitro chondrogenic differentiation, SDSCs were concentrated to form pellets and subjected to conditions appropriate for chondrogenic differentiation under normoxia and hypoxia, followed by the analysis for the expression of genes and proteins of chondrogenesis. qRT-PCR, histological assay, and glycosoaminoglycan assays were determined to assess chondrogenesis. Results: Low oxygen condition significantly increased proliferation and colony-forming characteristics of SDSCs compared to that of SDSCs under normoxic culture. Similar pellet size and weight were found for chondrogensis period under hypoxia and normoxia condition. The mRNA expression of types II collagen, aggrecan, and the transcription factor SOX9 was increased under hypoxia condition. Histological sections stained with Safranin-O demonstrated that hypoxic conditions had increased proteoglycan synthesis. Immunohistochemistry for types II collagen demonstrated that hypoxic culture of SDSCs increased type II collagen expression. In addition, GAG deposition was significantly higher in hypoxia compared with normoxia at 21 days of differentiation. Conclusion: These findings show that hypoxia condition has an important role in regulating the synthesis ECM matrix by SDSCs as they undergo chondrogenesis. This has important implications for cartilage tissue engineering applications of SDSCs.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.462-470
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• 2022

Background Reactive oxygen species cause serious damage to the physiological function of tissues. Determination of total antioxidant capacity of skin tissue is one of the determinants of damaged tissue function. Mast cells (MCs) are one of the groups of cells that are invited to the site of injury. The healing process begins with the rapid release of various types of MCs' intermediate factors at the site of injury. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMMSC) production and secretion have been shown to regenerate the skin. The aim of this research was to evaluate the wound-healing and antioxidant effects of BMMSCs per MCs. Methods Fifty-four albino Wistar male rats were divided into three groups: (1) nonsurgery, (2) surgery, and (3) surgery + BMMSCs. Groups 2 and 3 were operated with a 3 × 8 cm flap and in group 3, cell injections (7 × 10⁹ cell injection at the time of surgery) were performed. After days 4, 7, and 15, percentage of the surviving tissue, histological characteristics, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and amount of malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured in the groups. For results, Graph Pad Prism 8 software was used, and data were analyzed and compared by analysis of variance and Tukey test. Results BMMSCs' application decreased the amount of MDA, increased SOD activity and survival rate of the flaps, and improved the histological characteristics. Conclusion This study revealed the protective effects BMMSCs alongside MCs against oxidative stress on the survival of the flaps. However, for clinical use, more research is needed to determine its benefits.