• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.353-357
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• 2001

The pathogenesis of the nasal polyp is multifactorial and choanal polyps can be defined by its origin of genesis: antrochoanal (maxillochoanal), ethmochoanal and sphenochoanal polyp. Transforming growth $factor-{\beta}\;(TGF-{\beta})$ has various biologic activities, including the regulation of epithelial proliferation, the promotion of extracellular matrix formation and the induction of angiogenesis, hence closely related to pathogenesis of nasal polyp. Twenty cases of choanal polyps (13 antrochoanal, 4 ethmochoanal and 3 sphenochoanal polyps) were included in this study. Each polyp was subdivided into its origin, pedicle and choanal part. Hematoxylin and eosin stain for routine histopathology and immunohistochemistry were employed to detect expression of $TGF-{\beta}1.$ According to polyp type, edematous type is common at origin part and fibrous type at choanal part, and showed no difference at pedicle part in frequency. In ethmochoanal and sphenochoanal polyps, glandulocystic and edematous type is more common than fibrous type. $TGF-{\beta}1$ was expressed in epithelial cells, endothelial cells, eosinophils and lymphocytes. There was no different expression of $TGF-{\beta}1$ in each kind of choanal polyps and separate parts in each polyp. But histologic finding of choanal polyp is different between origin, pedicle and choanal part. Also infiltration of inflammatory cells including eosinophils has no difference between origin site. The expression of $TGF-{\beta}1$ was observed at all the choanal polyps and no difference between origin site and each portions was noted.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.356-363
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• 1992

We have performed left lung transplantations in 15 dogs for one year and six months from June, 1990 to December, 1991 at the Repartment of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Yonsei University College of medicine, Seoul, Korea. These dogs were sacrificed at from operative day to post-operative 15 days when their general conditions were deteriorated. The gross findings of the transplanted lungs were thrombi in left atrium in three cases, partial occlusion of pulmonary artery or pulmonary veins in three cases, hemorrhage at pulmonary arterial anastomotic site in one case and bronchial anastomotic stenosis in two cases, bronchial anastomotic rupture in one case % no abnormal gross findings in four cases. The microscopic findings of the transplanted lungs were hemorrhagic infarction in one case, perivascular hemorrhage or pulmonary edema in two cases, peribronchial inflammatory cell infiltration & pneumonia in three cases, and alveolar type rejection with infiltration of type II pneumocytes and septal thickening in 3 cases. And also there were no abnormal findings including rejection or inflammatory evidences in six cases. The one among these six dogs survived to 15 days without evidence of rejection or inflammatory reaction & died due to postoperative care accident.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.154-161
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• 2005

Purpose: to describe the histologic appearance of the type III bone bruise in knees which had sustained an acute anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture. Materials and Method: Twenty-five patients who sustained acute ACL rupture were prospectively enrolled in this study. On MRI, 14 patients demonstrated type III bone bruise on lateral femoral condyle, and 11 patients didn't demonstrated bone bruise. Arthroscopic evaluation and biopsy of the articular cartilage and subchondral bone wert performed before ACL reconstruction. Histologic and immunohistochemical evaluations were done. Results: There was no difference between the bone bruise and control group in the hematoxylin-eosin staining for cell distribution, Masson's trichrome staining for collagen and immunohistochemical staining for type I and type II collagen (p>0.05). But in the safranin-O staining for glycosaminoglycan distribution, the bone bruise group had an evidence of decreased staining at the superficial and middle layers, compared with the control group (p<0.05). We also found fatty change of bone marrow in calcified zone of the bone bruise group with safranin-O staining. Conclusion: We suggest that the type III bone bruise found on MRI indicates a substantial damage to normal articular cartilage homeostasis, and may induce further damage of the articular cartilage.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.14-20
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• 2010

Purpose: To investigate prognostic factors influencing on local recurrence, distant metastasis and event-free survival of liposarcomas. Materials and Methods: Fifty-two patients managed for liposarcomas since 1993 were analyzed respectively in the view of prognostic influence of patient age, tumor size, location, histologic type, histologic grade, resection type, surgical margin, chemotherapy and radiation therapy on local recurrence, distant metastasis and event-free survival. The mean follow up period was 39 months. The univariate and multivariate regression analysis were performed for statistical evaluation. Results: The local recurrences occurred in 11 patients (21.2%) and distant metastasis in 4 patients (8%), Event-free survival rate at 4 year follow up was 67%. In univariate analysis, histologic grade, surgical margin, chemotherapy and radiation therapy were significant prognostic factors on local recurrence (p<0.05). However, histologic grade lost its significance in muitivariate analysis. Trunk location revealed higher rate of distant metastasis than extremity location. In univariate analysis on event-free survival. histologic grade and chemotherapy were significant factors (p<0.05). No factor remained significant in multivariate analysis. Conclusion: Considering selection bias, positive surgical margin was negative prognostic factor on local recurrence. Liposarcomas arisen in trunk revealed higher rate of distant metastasis. There was no independent prognostic factor on event-free survival of patients with liposarcomas.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.23-36
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• 1993

To investigate the cycle and relative frequences and the fine structure of seminiferous epithelia in mature Jindo dogs, histologic study was performed. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. Type A spermatogonia appeared approximately 1.6 times as many at stage II as compared to stage I while type In spermatogonia appeared small amount in stage III, IV and V. type B spermatogonia were found during the stage VI to VIII, though not detectable during stage I to V. The type B spermatogonia divided at stage VII to produce the preleptotene primary spermatocytes at stage VIII. The number of primary spermatocytes of the leptotene phase markedly increased during stage I to II, and the primary spermatocytes of the pachytene phase were shown the least in number at stage IV. The secondary spermatocytes could be seen only at stage IV. 2. The relative frequencies of each stage from stages I to VIII of the cycle of seminiferous epithelia were 31.6, 11.9, 10.0, 3.2, 8.2, 10.1, 11.7 and 13.2% respectively. 3. On electron microscopic observations, acrosomal vesicle of spermatids appeared larger though the bulk of germ cells were the morphologically same as those of the other animal species. Thread line structures light microscopically observed in the cytoplasm of Sertoli cell were the longitudinal orientation of mitochondria.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.715-719
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• 1990

Thymoma is defined as a neoplasm of the epithelialreticular framework cells of the thymus. The treatment of choice and the prognosis for patients with thymoma are still controversial subjects due to lack of a uniform histological classification and standardized criteria for typing thymic tumors. Between June 1985 and May 1989, eight patients underwent thymomectomy at the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Korea University Medical Center. A clinical analysis was performed and the following result was obtained. In histologic cell type, epithelial type was 2 cases, lymphocytic type 3 cases, and mixed type was 3 cases. The clinical stage was classified by Masaoka’s classification that Stage I was 4 cases, Stage II; 2 cases, Stage III; 2 cases and Stage IV was none. Myasthenia Gravis was associated with thymoma in 5 patients. In 8 patients, thymomectomy were performed. Adjuvant radiotherapy was performed in one patient with Stage I due to suspicious tumor remnant and in Stage II, III patients routinely. Combined chemotherapy was performed in one patient with Stage III due to local recurrence. We concluded that the most important prognostic factor of thymoma is extent of tumor invasion. And the presence of Myasthenia Gravis is no more prognostic factor. Surgical resection of thymoma is treatment of choice, If local invasion or distant dissemination is present, postoperative radiotherapy and /or combined chemotherapy is recommended.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.277-283
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• 2006

Purpose: The way in which the resection margin distance for gastric cancer patients who undergo a gastric resection influences the recurrence rate, aspects of recurrence, and the prognosis according to the characteristic of the tumor is not known. We aim to find a standard for tailor-made treatment after selecting patients in this point of view who need a more sufficient resection margin. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was done on 1,472 patients who underwent a gastrectomy due to gastric cancer at our hospital from 1992 to 2005. The median follow-up period was 37 months. Results: There were no significant differences in the recurrence rate, the aspects of recurrence, and the 5-year survival rate between early gastric cancer (EGC) patients with a resection margin distance of less than 2 cm compared with EGC patients with a resection margin distance of greater than 2 cm. However, significant differences in the survival rate were found in advanced gastric cancer (AGC) patients when the patients were classified into groups with resection margin distances less than or greater than 3 cm (P=0.02). Significant differences were noted especially in cases of diffuse histologic-type tumors located in the lower third of the stomach and in cases with Borrmann type-3 and -4 tumors. Conclusion: The distance between the tumor resection margin and the proximal gastric resection margin has no significant influence on the survival rate in EGC patients if the resection margin is negative. However, to improve a patient's survival rate, it is important to guarantee a resection margin of more than 3 cm in AGC patients, especially when the tumor is a diffuse histologic type located in the lower third of the stomach or a Borrmann type 3 and 4.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.3-8
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• 2000

Background and Objectives: Adenoid cystic carcinoma of salivary glands is characterized by insidious growth over many years, local recurrences, and distant metastasis and classified to three distinct histologic subtypes: tubular, cribriform, and solid. The solid type is known to have the worst prognosis. However, histopathologic heterogeneity is observed in tumors from the same patient. We have attempted to elucidate the genotypic differences, characterized by polysomies of chromosome 17, in adenoid cystic carcinoma according to the phenotypic histopathologic heterogeneity. Materials and Methods: Fluorescence in situ hybridization was performed on formalin-fixed paraffin blocks from seven patients with head and neck adenoid cystic carcinoma, using the centromeric $\alpha$-satellite probe of chromosome 17 to detect nuclei exhibiting polysomy. The difference in polysomeric chromosome expression in cribriform, tubular, solid type and type I, II, III according to the Szanto classification was analyzed. Results: Polysomy of chromosome 17 was found in 15.28% of the cribriform type, in 15.68% of the tubular type, and in 18.87% of the solid type. The proportion of polysomy was statistically higher in the solid type than in the cribriform type(p<0.05), and the proportion of polysomy increased progressively from type 1 to type 3, but this trend was statistically insignificant(p>0.05). Conclusion: We suggest that there may be genetic variations in tumor from the same patient depending on the histopathologic heterogenetiy in adenoid cystic carcinomas.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.535-541
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• 2005

It has been suggested that the endoscopic color of intramucosal gastric carcinoma is correlated with mucosal vascularity within the carcinomatous tissue. The development of electronic endoscopy has made it possible to quantitatively measure the mucosal hemoglobin volume, using a hemoglobin index. The aim of this study was to make a software program to calculate the hemoglobin index (IHb) and then investigate whether the mucosal IHb determined from the electronic endoscopic data is a useful marker for evaluating the color of intramucosal gastric carcinoma, in particular with regard to its value for discriminating between the histologic type. The mean values of IHb for the carcinoma (IHb-C) and the mean values of IHb for the surrounding non-cancerous mucosa ( IHb-N) were calculated in 75 intestinal-type and 34 diffuse-type gastric carcinomas. Then, we analyzed the ratio of the IHb-C to IHb-N. The mean IHb-C/IHb-N ratio in the intestinal-type carcinoma group was higher than that in the diffuse-type carcinoma group ($1.28{\pm}0.19$ vs. $0.81{\pm}0.18$, respectively, p<0.001). When the cut-off point of the C/N ratio was set at 1.00, the accuracy rate, the sensitivity, the specificity, and the positive and negative predictive values of a C/N ratio below 1.00 for the differential diagnosis of diffuse-type carcinoma from intestinal-type carcinoma were $94.5\%$, $94.1\%$, $94.7\%$, $88.9\%$ and $97.3\%$, respectively. IHb is useful for quantitative measurement of the endoscopic color in intramucosal gastric carcinoma and the IHb-C/IHb-N ratio would be helpful in distinguishing diffuse-type carcinoma from intestinal -type carcinoma.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.17
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• pp.7449-7452
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• 2015

Objective: Endometrial cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women in developed countries. Affected patients may benefit from systemic chemotherapy, alone or in combination with targeted therapies if the disease is clinically diagnosed prior to expansion and metastasis to other organs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic role of c-kit mutations and comparision with tumor type and grade in human uterine endometrial carcinomas. Materials and Methods: Seventy five patients with endometrial carcinoma and seventy five normal controls were studied for possible mutations in exon 17 of the c-kit gene using single strand conformational polymorphisms and sequencing. Results: c-kit mutation in exon 17 appeared to be significantly different between endometrial carcinoma and normal endometrium. The pattern and frequency of the mutations was also shown to be different between tumors from different stages.