• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.75-87
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to identify the mechanical factors that are crucial to the successful double salto backward piked dismount on the parallel bars. The subjects were 5 national gymnasts(G1: sucessed landing, G2: failed landing), two video cameras were used to record the dismount of the subjects. It summarizes that (a) It is important to make small slope angle(X axis, Y axis) at release, whereas it makes large shoulder angle and trunk rotation angle. (b) It is important to prepare landing in advance, reducing vertical velocity and making large hip angle at BTO(body take off). (c) It is also important to make small knee angle and hip angle, and reduce the angle of trunk rotation.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.67-75
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to know the average of hip joint range of motion and difference according to the aging for the elderly. This study consisted of elder male(n=75) and elder female(n=109). The result of assessment and analysis in hip pint range of motion are as follows : 1) The average hip flexion(knee flexed) joint range of motion in 60-69(from sixty to sixty-nine)years old are $104.26^{\circ}$(Left-Male), $101.00^{\circ}$(Right-Male), $107.05^{\circ}$(Left-Female), $107.05^{\circ}$(Right-Female). 70-79years old are $104.59^{\circ}$(L-M), $102.05^{\circ}$(R-M), $105.73^{\circ}$(L-F), $108.75^{\circ}$(R-F). 80-89years old are $101.53^{\circ}$(L-M), $101.13^{\circ}$(R-M), $96.83^{\circ}$(L-F), $97.67^{\circ}$(R-F). There was significant difference in hip flexion(knee flexed) among female group(p<.01). The average hip flexion(knee extended) joint range of motion in 60-69(from sixty to sixty-nine)years old are $73.13^{\circ}$(Left-Male), $72.04^{\circ}$(Right-Male), $77.29^{\circ}$(Left-Female), $75.97^{\circ}$(Right-Female). 70-79years old are $74.95^{\circ}$(L-M), $72.19^{\circ}$(R-M), $76.73^{\circ}$(L-F), $76.65^{\circ}$(R-F). 80-89years old are $70.83^{\circ}$(L-M), $70.37^{\circ}$(R-M), $69.00^{\circ}$(L-F), $69.00^{\circ}$(R-F). There was significant difference in left hip flexion(knee extended) among female group(p<.05). 2) The average hip extension joint range of motion in 60-69years old are $13.09^{\circ}$(L-M), $12.78^{\circ}$(R-M), $10.97^{\circ}$(L-F), $10.68^{\circ}$(R-F). 70-79years old are $8.95^{\circ}$(L-M), $8.48^{\circ}$(R-M), $11.24^{\circ}$(L-F), $10.90^{\circ}$(R-F). 80-89 years old are $8.40^{\circ}$(L-M), $8.23^{\circ}$(R-M), $7.33^{\circ}$(L-F), $7.33^{\circ}$(R-F). There was significant difference in left(p<.01) and right(p<.05) hip extension among male group(p<.05). 3) The average hip abduction joint range of motion in 60-69 years old are $33.04^{\circ}$(L-M), $33.17^{\circ}$(R-M), $33.16^{\circ}$(L-F), $33.37^{\circ}$(R-F). 70-79 years old are $31.00^{\circ}$(L-M), $30.05^{\circ}$(R-M), $32.44^{\circ}$(L-F), $32.68^{\circ}$(R-F). 80-89 years old are $29.07^{\circ}$(L-M), $27.90^{\circ}$(R-M), $28.17^{\circ}$(L-F), $28.67^{\circ}$(R-F). There was no significant difference among group. 4) The average hip adduction pint range, of motion in 60-69years old are $29.57^{\circ}$(L-M), $29.35^{\circ}$(R-M), $31.87^{\circ}$(L-F), $31.89^{\circ}$(R-F). 70-79, years old are $27.41^{\circ}$(L-M), 27.00(R-M) $30.85^{\circ}$(L-F), $31.28^{\circ}$(R-F). 80-89 years old are $26.87^{\circ}$(L-M), $26.63^{\circ}$(R-M), $24.67^{\circ}$(L-F), $24.83^{\circ}$(R-F). There was significant difference in hip abduction among female group(p<01). 5) The average hip external rotation pint range of motion in 60-69years old are $32.26^{\circ}$(L-M), $31.17^{\circ}$(R-M), $33.53^{\circ}$(L-F), $34.42^{\circ}$(R-F). 70-79 years old are $31.64^{\circ}$(L-M), $28.62^{\circ}$(R-M) $31.29^{\circ}$(L-F), $31.45^{\circ}$(R-F). 80-89 years old are $26.40^{\circ}$(L-M), $26.07^{\circ}$(R-M), $24.77^{\circ}$(L-F), $24.27^{\circ}$(R-F). There was significant difference in left(male, female p<.01) and right(female p<.0l) hip external rotation among group. 6) The average hip internal rotation joint range of motion in 60-69years old are $30.30^{\circ}$(L-M), $28.13^{\circ}$(R-M), $34.27^{\circ}$(L-F), $36.03^{\circ}$(R-F). 70-79years old are $31.24^{\circ}$(L-M), $29.57^{\circ}$(R-M), $28.51^{\circ}$(L-F), $29.10^{\circ}$(R-F). 80-89 years old are $24.63^{\circ}$(L-M), $24.40^{\circ}$(R-M), $24.27^{\circ}$(L-F), $24.27^{\circ}$(R-F). There was significant difference in left(male p<.05, female p<.01) and right(female p<.01) hip internal rotation among group.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.570-573
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• 2006

대요근은 12번 흉추의 외연면에서 5번 요추까지의 외연면에 걸쳐 기시하여 대퇴골의 소전자에 부착되는 근육으로 고관절의 굴곡에 관여한다. 이는 후복막 기관으로 여러 혈관에서 풍부한 혈류 공급을 받으며, S자 결장, 공장, 충수 돌기, 요관, 대동맥, 신장, 췌장, 척추, 림프선 등 여러 장기와 인접하고 있어 감염의 호발 부위가 된다. 그러나, 요근 농양 발생시, 그 증상이 비특이적이고 건강한 소아에서 드물게 발병하는 이유로 고관절 질환으로 혼돈되기도 하여, 진단과 치료가 지연되는 예가 많다. 저자들은 평소 건강하던 14세 남아가 침대에서 떨어져 경한 우측 둔부 좌상을 입은 이후, 우측 둔부 통증과 발열 및 보행 불능을 호소하여 고관절 이상을 의심해 시행한 자기 공명 영상에서 우연히 우측 요근내 농양을 발견해 항생제 치료를 시행하였던 증례를 경험하였기에 보고하는 바이다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.117-125
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in movement strategies of lower limb joints depending on the type of heel during sit-to-stand. Methods: Twenty healthy females participated in this study. All subjects performed sit-to-stand three times each with three different types of heels - bare feet, 9 cm high-heeled shoes, and unstable shoes. Trails were conducted in random order. Three-dimensional motion analysis systems were used for collection and analysis of the kinematic data of lower limb movements. Results: Results of this study showed kinematic differences in pelvis, hip joints, knee joints, and ankle joints during sit-to-stand based on the type of heels. At the initial sit-to-stand, hip joint flexion, knee joint flexion, ankle joint flexion, and ankle joint inversion showed significant differences. The maximal angles of hip joint flexion, hip joint adduction, knee joint flexion, ankle joint flexion, and ankle joint inversion were significantly different, while hip joint adduction, pelvic forward tilt, hip joint rotation, knee joint flexion, ankle joint flexion, and ankle joint inversion differed significantly during the terminal of sit-to-stand. Conclusion: Therefore, the type of heel played an important role in selection of lower limb movements during sit-to-stand which were essential parts of daily life movements.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.341-349
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare the muscle activity of the hip abductors and the ratio between the hip abductor muscle group according to the range of hip abduction during the clam exercise. Methods: This study was conducted on 18 healthy men in their aged 20 to 29 who had not been diagnosed with spine-related diseases. The subjects performed a clam exercise without rotation of the pelvis in a state of 60° hip flexion and 90° knee joint flexion in the side-lying position. Using Myomotion equipment and EMG, the muscle activity of the hip abductor muscles and the activity ratio between the hip abductor muscle group were measured during the clam exercise by dividing the range into initial, mid-range, and terminal sections. Repeated measures analysis of variants was employed to compare the activity and use of hip abductor muscles according to range of motion during the clam exercise. Results: Gluteus medius muscle activation was significantly increased in the comparison of muscle activity in the initial, mid-range, and terminal sections of hip abduction. Tensor fasciae latae muscle activation was significantly increased in the comparison of muscle activity in all range of motion sections as well. The gluteus medius-tensor fasciae latae muscle activation ratio was significantly increased in the terminal section compared to the initial section. Conclusion: The gluteus medius and tensor fasciae latae had higher muscle activities as they approached the terminal section during the clam exercise, and the hip abduction activity ratio of the gluteus medius and tensor fasciae latae was higher as the range of motion approached the terminal section.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.69-79
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• 2005

The purpose of study were to determine the effect of Elastic Band Exercise Based of PNF L/E pattern(EBEBP) on the balance in the elderly people. 24 health elderly women aged 65 to 85 years participated who live in Sun-cheon city Jeon-nam. Participants were divided into exercise(12) and control(12) group to randomized. Exercise participants received strengthening exercise for 30minutes in two times a week for 4weeks while control group continued their normal activities. Exercise used to yellow elastic band which 4 patterns of PNF by 1) hip extension - adduction - external rotation with knee extension, 2) hip extension-abduction-internal rotation with knee extension. 3) hip flexion - adduction - external rotation with knee flexion, 4) hip flexion - abduction - internal rotation with knee flexion. All subjects participated in 3 tests Berg Balance Test(BBT), One-Leg Standing Test(OLST), Functional Reaching Test(FRT). Exercise and control group were tested before and at the end of the test. This collected date were analysed by using paired t-test and independent t-test. The results of this study are as follows; 1. The experimental group was statistically significant difference in balance performance clinical test of BBT(p<0.01), OLST(p<0.01), FRT(p<0.001). 2. The control group was no significant difference in balance performance clinical test of BBT, OLST, FRT(p>0.05). 3. After the exercise, there was significant difference in the BBT(P<0.01), OLST(P<0.05), FRT(P<0.001) between the experimental group and control group in EBEBP. Thus, elastic band exercise based of PNF L/E pattern can result in improved muscle strength and balance in the elderly people. Further studies are required to show long-term effects of exercise training on the elderly people.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.35-44
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• 2014

PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to investigate the relationships among the hip joint passive range of motion (ROM) and femur head anterior glide (FHAG) mobility on the gait ability in patients with post-stroke hemiparesis. METHODS: The participants were 37 patients (30 male, 7 female) living in Daejeon. The ROM of the hip joint was measured by using goniometry and the FHAG mobility was measured by using the Prone Figure-4 test. The walking ability was assessed by using the 10m walk test (10MWT), and the 6-min walk test (6MWT). RESULTS: The FHAG was negatively correlated with hip extension (r=-.554, p<.05) and flexion (r=-.337) on the affected side as well as with hip extension (r=-.480), abduction (r=-.361), and adduction (r=-.426) on the non-affected side (p<.05). The gait ability was correlated with the hip joint external rotation on the non-affected side (p<.05), but showed no significant correlation with the hip ROM on the affected side (p>.05). CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence that in patients with post-stroke hemiparesis, the FHAG mobility might be correlated with hip extension. Based on these results, the FHAG mobility may be used to determine the hip extension in patients with post-stroke hemiparesis.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.295-306
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effect of robot-assisted gait training on the active ranges of motion, gait abilities, and biomechanical characteristics of gait in patients who underwent lower extremity surgery, and to verify the effectiveness and clinical usefulness of robot-assisted gait training. Methods: This study was conducted on 14 subjects who underwent lower extremity surgery. The subjects participated in robot-assisted gait training for 2 weeks. The active ranges of motion of the lower extremities were evaluated, and gait abilities were assessed using 10-m and 2-min walk tests. An STT Systems Inertial Measurement Unit was used to collect data on biomechanical characteristics during gait. Spatiotemporal parameters were used to measure cadence, step length, and velocity, and kinematic parameters were used to measure hip and knee joint movement during gait. Results: Significant improvements in the active ranges of motion of the hip and knee joints (flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction) and in the 10-m and 2-min walk test results were observed after robot-assisted gait training (p < 0.05). In addition, biomechanical characteristics of gait, spatiotemporal factors (cadence, step length, and velocity), and kinematic factors (gait hip flexion-extension, internal rotation-external rotation angle, and knee joint flexion-extension) were also significantly improved (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study are of clinical importance as they demonstrate that robot-assisted gait training can be used as an effective intervention method for patients who have undergone lower extremity surgery. Furthermore, the findings of this study are clinically meaningful as they expand the scope of robot-assisted gait training, which is currently mainly applied to patients with central nervous system conditions.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2021

A weak or dysfunctional gluteus medius (Gmed) is related to several pathologies, and individuals with hip abductor weakness have Gmed weakness. This study aimed to systematically review the literature associated with the anatomy and function of the Gmed, and the prevalence, pathology, and exercise of Gmed weakness. Papers published between 2010 and 2020 were retrieved from MEDLINE, Google Academic Search, and Research Information Sharing Service. The database search used the following terms: (glut* OR medius OR hip abduct*) AND weak*. The Gmed plays an important role in several functional activities as a primary hip abductor by providing pelvic stabilization and controlling hip adduction and internal rotation. Weakness of the Gmed is associated with many disorders including balance deficit, gait and running disorders, femoroacetabular impingement, snapping hip, gluteal tendinopathy, patellofemoral pain syndrome, osteoarthritis, iliotibial band syndrome, anterior cruciate ligament injury, ankle joint injuries, low back pain, stroke, and nocturia. Overuse of the tensor fasciae latae (TFL) as a hip abductor due to Gmed weakness can also cause several pathologies such as pain in the lower back and hip and degenerative hip joint pathology, which are associated with dominant TFL. Similarly, lateral instability and impaired movements such as lumbar spine lateral flexion or lateral tilt of the pelvis can occur due to compensatory activation of the quadratus lumborum for a weakened Gmed while exercising. Therefore, the related activation of synergistic muscles or compensatory movement should be considered when prescribing Gmed strengthening exercises.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.337-344
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in the lower extremity kinematics of subjects with dynamic knee valgus after we applied non-elastic tape while they performed overhead squat. Methods: Twenty-five subjects (12 females, 13 males) with dynamic knee valgus participated in this study. Hip and knee joint kinematics and medial knee displacement were measured during overhead squat with and without hip correction taping. Results: Hip joint internal rotation, knee valgus, and medial knee displacement were significantly lower during overhead squat with hip correction taping than without hip correction taping, but there was no significant difference in hip joint flexion and abduction. Conclusion: Hip joint correction using non-elastic taping is recommended to subjects with dynamic knee valgus to improve their lower extremity movement and alignment during overhead squat.