• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.979-988
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to analyze the lower body size and forms of married women in their thirties who have experienced pregnancy and parturition. Their measurements derived from the direct anthropometry and indirect photographic measures were compared to those of 20's. Improving consumer satisfaction for missy brand, especially in fitness of skirt and pants, some lower body classification were presented. The results were as follows : 1. The characteristics of lower body showed many differences by individuals especially in depth, girth, length and angle measures rather than height and breadth measures. Many items including index, calculations and angles revealed significant differences compared to those of 20's. Several breadth items, crotch length had distinct increase than those of women in twenties. Flattened buttocks side silhouette from waist to hip, buttocks drooping and decrease of inclination implied the influence of pregnancy, parturition and aging. 2. We hardly find out sizing system differences between missy brand and miss brand. Based on waist and hip girth measurements of subjects, sizing system of missy apparel wasn't suitable for their body size. Excessive drop(hip girth-waist girth) of missy brands, 25~30 cm, was almost the same to the drop of miss brands. 3. To improve the size satisfaction of missy women, we classified the lower body into 5 types according to drop, buttocks angle and hip length. Type 1 was small waist with large buttocks projection, and hip length was close to an average. Type 2 was small waist with medium buttocks projection, and the hip length was close to an average. Type 3 was medium waist, with average projection of the buttocks and hip length. Type 4 was large waist, projection of the buttocks and the hip length were close to an average. Type 5 was large waist, projection of the buttocks was small and the hip length was close to an average.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.25-36
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• 2002

Objectives: This study was conducted to find out risk factors related to elderly hip fracture, so that the result could provide basic data to establish prevention programs for hip fracture among the elderly. Methods: The data were collected from 199 cases hospitalized in 4 university hospitals in Pusan from January, 1996 to December, 1998, 193 healthy controls who visited elderly facilities in Pusan. The data were obtained from medical records and by using questionnaires through telephone contact or direct personal interview with the subjects or their family, and were analyzed for 2-test and multiple logistic regression. The risk factors were shown with odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals. Results: In univariate analysis, the odds ratio of hip fracture risk was estimated to be 1.9 for the elderly aged 75 years as compare with those aging less than 65 years; 42 for those with job as compared with those without job; 3.3 for those with more than 6 children as compared with those with one or two children. For the variables related to physical characteristics, small height (p=0.015), light weight (p=0.000), and low BMI (p=0.014) were risk factors for elderly hip fracture. Sane variables related to health, such as previous history of illness (OR=3.3.), abnormal blood pressure (OR=1.6), previous fracture history (OR=22), lower limbs weakness (OR=12.1) and gait disturbance (OR=42.6), were significantly associated with the risk of hip fracture. In multiple logistic regression, risk factors for hip fracture were age, having job, lower limb weakness and previous history of illness. The adjusted odds ratios of hip fracture risk among the elderly were age (OR=1.1), having jobs (OR=11.7), weak lower limb (OR=10.8) and previous history of illnesses (OR=3.3), respectively. Conclusion: This study suggests that the plan for improving the daily living environment for the elderly systematically should be implemented to avoid the chances of fall, and that programs encouraging to practice regular exercise for physical activity and to promote health of the elderly should be developed.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.181-196
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• 2016

This study intended to suggest criteria for selection of subjects by lower body shape types necessary for evaluating slacks. For this, the characteristics were examined by lower body parts which would influence the fit of slacks on 3D human body shape data of the front and sides of the lower body for lower body shaping. The frequency of subjects by lower body shape types and the boundary points for discrimination of each type were suggested so that they could be available in selecting subjects. Using the data from Size Korea(2004), indirect measurement values measured on the front and sides of the lower body among 3D human body shape data of 175 subjects were analyzed. Their height, waist, and hip circumference fell under the range of standard deviation based on the mean of women aged 18~24 years, and then lower body shaping was conducted by combining the front and side shapes of the lower body. The front of the lower body was classified into four sections: average waist/average hip type(F1), average waist/narrow hip tyle(F2), narrow waist/narrow hip type(F3) and narrow waist/wide hip type(F4) and the sides of the lower body were divided into four sections: average abdomen/average hip type(S1), flat abdomen/average hip type(S2), average abdomen/protrude hip type(S3)and round abdomen/flat hip type(S4), and thus total 16 lower body types were created by cross analysis. Besides, discriminant analysis suggested the boundary points for each shape type of the front and sides of the lower body as a criterion for deciding lower body shape type of each subject

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.145-160
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• 2004

The purposes of this study to provide quantitative data in necessary to advance techniques kinematic analysis of Cucarachas which is an action of Rumba. Then, this study is performed on 5 female players who have won within the third prize at a national athletic meeting. When whole foot reached to floor, Displacement of right-left hip joint (until $E1{\sim}E3$ average moved 15.15cm)is found at right-left direction since the hip joint is turned to right back. On the other side, large displacement is shown because Rumba Cucaracha Movement is expressed by maximum shift of hip joint to right and left direction. Displacement of right hip joint(E3$57.40{\pm}7.46$) is found in front and in rear direction since hip joint is moved in rear and in front to turn the hip joint. It may be stated that this is ideal displacement expressed by movement of whole body with artistic poise and presentation because role of hip joint is very important in technical and artistic side. Angle of right shoulder joint E2($105.44{\pm}9.64$) is got wider. It may be stated that player shifts up and abduct elbow joint to right since center of gravity of player is exceedingly shifted to right in this motion of Cucarachas. On the other hand, since this motion is abducted right elbow and shrunk external abdominal oblique to him center of body to left front of hip joint, the angle becomes narrow. It is shown that angle of knee in right knee joint E4($75.44{\pm}2.61$) is large since right leg and hip joint is turned by foot using reaction of ground and so center of body is shifted to left. Large angle of ankle E4($134.40{\pm}10.50$) in Cucaracha Movement is shown by the action of twist force using narrow part of foot and compression force against ground with adduction speed of arm. The various kinematic analyses associated with motions of dance sport have not been sufficiently peformed so far, and thus a number of research projects for dance sport should be proposed and performed to be continuous.

• 척추신경추나의학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.9-16
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• 2010

Objectives : This study is planned to classify different biomechanics of men and women, from the comparison of normal range and hip internal rotation angle in chronic low back pain patients. Methods : We measured the hip internal rotation angle of the 30 men and 30 women patients with low back pain that has been over 3 months in BuCheon Jaseng Hospital of Oriental medicine. We set 35-45 degrees as normal range, and found the patients with exceeding normal range, the patients with normal range, and the patients with under normal range. Results : Men appeared to have less hip internal rotation angle than women. Especially, the men's left hip internal rotation angle was less than normal range. On the other hand, women's right hip internal rotation angle was often larger than normal range which was stastically significant. Conclusions : Contraction of hip external rotation muscle including gluteus maxius muscle and piriformis muscle in men, or relaxation of posterior gluteus medius, gluteus maxius and piriformis muscle with contraction of tensor fasciae latae, a part of hip internal rotation muscle, in women seems to be the basis for biomechanics of chronic low back pain.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.1-12
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• 1982

This study was to investigate the changes of shape of the lower limb surface, the rate of the measurement of expansion and contraction and correlation coefficient between variables caused by hip joint and knee joint movements. The results of the investigation are as follows; 1. According to the development figure of shell when the leg was raised $45^{\circ}$forward($M_{2}$), total length of F.L shortened while B.L lengthened. This result is contarary to $M_{3}$raising the leg $15^{\circ}$ backward. In both $M_{2}$, $M_{3}$movements, the rate of expansion and contraction to the course direction was insignificant. When hip joint was bent $15^{\circ}$ with knee joint $120^{\circ}$bent ($M_{4}$) and hip joint was bent $30^{\circ}$ with knee joint $90^{\circ}$ bent($M_{5}$), upper section of back hip expanded while the front hip section contracted slightly. In the Movement of sitting on the chair($M_{6}$), abdomen, front hip section and upper thight section contracted to the wale direction remarkably while the back hip section expanded conspicuously. 2. According to the rate of expansion and contraction of skin (surface) by the somatometry. In $M_{2}$, C.F.L. upper and middle thight girth contracted and B.L, C.L, L.L expanded. This fact is contarary to M3. In M4, M5, C.F.L showed remarkable contraction and C.B.L expanded remarkably. In $M_{6}$, C.B.L contracted most of all the items measured and knee girth, F.L, L.L, C.B.L, hip girth expanded conspicuously. 3. According to the correlation coefficient between variables. In various movements, the correlation among girth items commonly showed a high or middle grade, the correlation among length items also commonly showed a low grade and that girth and length items showed a very low grade commonly. Waist girth, hip grith, F.L, B.L, L.L items showed that there were significant correlation.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.233-242
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• 2014

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between the hip adductor muscles and abdominal muscles during bridge exercise. METHOD: Participants who met the criteria for this study(n=36) were divided into the three groups. The first experimental group performed normal bridge exercises and the second group performed bridge exercises with the contraction of the hip adductor muscles and the control group didn't perform any exercise. Transversus abdominis muscle thickness was measured by ultrasound imaging with a special transducer head device, at pre exercise, after 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 6 weeks. RESULT: Data were analyzed using repeated ANOVA with the level of significance set at ${\alpha}=.05$. Transversus abdominis muscle thickness was influenced by contraction of the hip adductor muscles during bridge exercise in people without lower back pain. Compared with normal bridge exercise, transversus abdominis muscle thickness significantly increased in thickness during bridge exercise with contraction of the hip adductor muscles(p<.05). CONCLUSION: The results from this study showed that contraction of the hip adductor muscles during bridge exercise increased change in the transversus abdominis muscle thickness. These results can be a good source to prevent low back pain due to hip adductor weakness. Therefore, inducing activation of hip adductor with abdominal stabilizing exercise is more effective in patients with low back pain.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2014

Purpose : The aim of this study was to find out differences between muscle activity of quadriceps according to hip angle. Method : 40 healthy adults produced maximum isometric muscle contraction of quadriceps femoris and each part of the quadriceps femoris were measured with a surface EMG in hip joint angle of $90^{\circ}$, $135^{\circ}$, $180^{\circ}$. Result : There was no significant difference between muscle activity of vastus medialis and lateralis according to hip angle. But there was significant difference in muscle activity of rectus femoris and the muscle activity was maximum at 135 degrees of hip angle. Conclusion : In conclusion, maximum muscle activation of rectus femoris is affected by hip angle, and the findings from this study may be helpful for physical therapists in selecting hip position when instructing patients to do Q-setting exercise. So, we suggest that patients perform Q-setting exercise at 135 degrees of hip angle for the best result.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.124-136
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• 2009

This study was focused on classifying lower-body trunk and revealing the lower-body characteristics of the Chinese males in their 20s through 40s for their slacks pattern design. Compared with the 20s, the subjects in their 30s and 40s had small vertical and big horizontal sizes and showed a somatotype difference through a horizontal change. According to the size of absolute values, the lower body of Chinese men was "tall and normal trunk"(43.9%). Based on the shape of index values, Type 3(40.3%) was representative with average hip-surface length, waist-hip width difference and long upper hip. While Type 3 was seen a lot in the 20s(51.8%), 30s and 40s were each represented by Type 2(47.1%) with the smallest waist-hip width difference, average upper hip, and long hip-surface length and Type 1(45.9%) with small waist-hip width difference, average upper hip, and short hip-surface length. As this study is confined to Ningbo City of Zhejiang Province and has a small number of subjects, the generalization of the findings should be more serious. Further research will be centered on the development of slacks patterns in consideration of the body type changes.

• Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.393-397
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• 2018

Background: The purpose of our study was to evaluate the usefulness of hip arthroscopy including extensive capsulectomy for synovial chondromatosis of the hip. Methods: From 2008 to 2016, 13 patients with synovial chondromatosis of the hip were treated with arthroscopic removal of loose bodies and synovectomy using three arthroscopic portals. An extensive capsulectomy was performed to allow the remaining loose bodies to be out of the extracapsular space, and the excised capsule was not repaired. All patients were assessed by clinical scores and the radiographs were reviewed to determine whether the remaining loose bodies disappeared at the last follow-up. Results: Eight men and two women were followed up for a minimum of 1 year (mean, 3.8 years; range, 1 to 6.8 years) after hip arthroscopy. Clinical outcomes such as modified Harris hip score, University of California Los Angeles score, and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index score improved at the last follow-up. Although seven hips had remaining loose bodies after arthroscopic surgery, the remaining loose bodies disappeared in five hips (71.4%) at the last follow-up. Conclusions: Arthroscopic surgery was useful to treat synovial chondromatosis of the hip. In spite of limited removal of loose bodies, arthroscopic procedures including extensive capsulectomy could be effective for the treatment of synovial chondromatosis of the hip.