• Wind and Structures
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.433-457
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• 2017

As a novel typical wind-sensitive structure, the wind load and wind-induced structural behaviors of super-large straight-cone cooling towers are in an urgent need to be addressed and studied. A super large straight-cone steel cooling tower (189 m high, the highest in Asia) that is under construction in Shanxi Power Plant in China was taken as an example, for which four finite element models corresponding to four structural types: the main drum; main drum + stiffening rings; main drum + stiffening rings + auxiliary rings (auxiliary rings are hinged with the main drum and the ground respectively); and main drum + stiffening rings + auxiliary rings (auxiliary rings are fixed onto the main drum and the ground respectively), were established to compare and analyze the dynamic properties and force transferring paths of different models. After that, CFD method was used to conduct numerical simulation of flow field and mean wind load around the cooling tower. Through field measurements and wind tunnel tests at home and abroad, the reliability of using CFD method for numerical simulation was confirmed. On the basis of this, the surface flow and trail characteristics of the tower at different heights were derived and the wind pressure distribution curves for the internal and external surfaces at different heights of the tower were studied. Finally, based on the calculation results of wind-induced responses of the four models, the effects of stiffening rings, auxiliary rings, and different connecting modes on the dynamic properties and wind-induced responses of the tower structure were derived and analyzed; meanwhile, the effect mechanism of internal suction on such kind of cooling tower was discussed. The study results could provide references to the structure selection and wind resistance design of such type of steel cooling towers.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.337-347
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• 2018

This paper presents some shaking table tests conducted on a 1/4-scaled model with 5-story steel reinforced concrete (SRC) spatial frame with irregular section columns under a series of base excitations with gradually increasing acceleration peaks. The test frame was subjected to a sequence of seismic simulation tests including 10 white noise vibrations and 51 seismic simulations. Each seismic simulation was associated with a different level of seismic disaster. Dynamic characteristic, strain response, acceleration response, displacement response, base shear and hysteretic behavior were analyzed. The test results demonstrate that at the end of the loading process, the failure mechanism of SRC frame with irregular section columns is the beam-hinged failure mechanism, which satisfies the seismic code of "strong column-weak beam". With the increase of acceleration peaks, accumulated damage of the frame increases gradually, which induces that the intrinsic frequency decreases whereas the damping ratio increases, and the peaks of acceleration and displacement occur later. During the loading process, torsion deformation appears and the base shear grows fast firstly and then slowly. The hysteretic curves are symmetric and plump, which shows a good capacity of energy dissipation. In summary, SRC frame with irregular section columns can satisfy the seismic requirements of "no collapse under seldom earthquake", which indicates that this structural system is suitable for the construction in the high seismic intensity zone.

• 토지주택연구
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.67-73
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• 2010

PHC 말뚝에서 강선을 노출시켜 건축물의 기초판과 연결시키는 기존 강선남김 방식은 강결합과 힌지결합의 중간형태로 공동주택(아파트)과 같은 건축구조물에 흔히 사용되는 방법이다. 그러나 이 방법은 역학적인 성능이 검증되지 않았으며 시공과정도 복잡하다. 이에 본 연구는 기존 관련 연구의 결과를 분석하고, PHC 말뚝의 콘크리트 단면적 대비 강선면적 비인 0.3%를 말뚝 접합부의 최소 철근보강량으로 선정하여 PHC 말뚝과 기초판과의 최적의 철근보강 방법을 말뚝 규격별(PHC 450, PHC 500, 및 PHC 600)로 제시하였다. PHC 말뚝과 기초판 접합부의 역학적 성능(인장강도와 전단강도)을 평가하기 위해 실물크기의 실험을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 모든 경우에 대해 요구강도를 만족하였으며 실제 적용되어도 문제가 없음을 확인하였다. 본 결과는 기존 연구에서 제시되었던 접합부의 철근 보강량보다 그 양이 대폭 감소하는 것으로 나타나 PHC 말뚝 시공 시 원가 절감에도 기여할 것으로 판단된다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.317-331
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• 2014

An experimental study was performed to investigate the seismic performance of solid steel reinforced concrete (SRC) frames with special-shaped columns that are composed of SRC special-shaped columns and reinforced concrete beams. For this purpose, two models of two-bay and three-story frame, including an edge frame and a middle frame, were designed and tested. The failure process and patterns were observed. The mechanical behaviors such as load-displacement hysteretic loops and skeleton curves, load bearing capacity, drift ratio, ductility, energy dissipation and stiffness degradation of test specimens were analyzed. Test results show that the failure mechanism of solid SRC frame with special-shaped columns is the beam-hinged mechanism, satisfying the seismic design principle of "strong column and weak beam". The hysteretic loops are plump, the ductility is good and the capacity of energy dissipation is strong, indicating that the solid SRC frame with special-shaped columns has excellent seismic performance, which is better than that of the lattice SRC frame with special-shaped columns. The ultimate elastic-plastic drift ratio is larger than the limit value specified by seismic code, showing the high capacity of collapse resistance. Compared with the edge frame, the middle frame has higher carrying capacity and stronger energy dissipation, but the ductility and speed of stiffness degradation are similar. All these can be helpful to the designation of solid SRC frame with special-shaped columns.

• 국제강구조저널
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.1153-1166
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• 2018

This paper was concerned with the nonlinear analysis on the overall stability of H-type honeycombed composite column with rectangular concrete-filled steel tube flanges (STHCC). The nonlinear analysis was performed using ABAQUS, a commercially available finite element (FE) program. Nonlinear buckling analysis was carried out by inducing the first buckling mode shape of the hinged column to the model as the initial imperfection with imperfection amplitude value of L/1000 and importing the simplified constitutive model of steel and nonlinear constitutive model of concrete considering hoop effect. Close agreement was shown between the experimental results of 17 concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) specimens and 4 I-beams with top flanges of rectangular concrete-filled steel tube (CFSFB) specimens conducted by former researchers and the predicted results, verifying the correctness of the method of FE analysis. Then, the FE models of 30 STHCC columns were established to investigate the influences of the concrete strength grade, the nominal slenderness ratio, the hoop coefficient and the flange width on the nonlinear stability capacity of SHTCC column. It was found that the hoop coefficient and the nominal slenderness ratio affected the nonlinear stability capacity more significantly. Based on the results of parameter analysis, a formula was proposed to predict the nonlinear stability capacity of STHCC column which laid the foundation of the application of STHCC column in practical engineering.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제64권5호
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• pp.67-77
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• 2022

Recently, the trend in structural analysis and design is moving towards the development of reliable system. The reliability-based method defines various limit states related to usability and failure, thereby enabling multiple levels of design according to the importance of a structure. Meanwhile, an actual structure is composed of a set of several elements, and particularly, a frame type is composed of a system in which the members are connected each other. At this time, the actual connection between members is in a semi-rigid condition, not in complete rigid or hinged. This semi-rigid is found in several structures, especially in agricultural facilities designed with lightweight materials. In this study, a system reliability analysis technique for frame structure was established, and applied to an analysis of the semi-rigid connection. Various conditions of correlation were applied to reflect the connectivity between members, and through this, the limitations of existing structural analysis method and the behavioral characteristics of structure were analyzed. The failure probability of the frame member component and the overall structure system was significantly different in consideration of the semi-rigid connection. In addition, it was evaluated that the behavior of structure can be more accurately analyzed if the correlation according to the position of members in a system is further investigated.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.303-316
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• 2024

Seismic records are composed of mainshock and a series of aftershocks which often result in the incremental damage to underground structures and bring great challenges to the rescue of post-disaster and the repair of post-earthquake. In this paper, the repetition method was used to construct the mainshock-aftershocks sequence which was used as the input ground motion for the analysis of dynamic time history. Based on the Daikai station, the two-dimensional finite element model of soil-station was established to explore the failure process of station under different seismic precautionary intensities, and the concept of incremental damage of station was introduced to quantitatively analyze the damage condition of structure under the action of mainshock and two aftershocks. An arc rubber bearing was proposed for the shock absorption. With the arc rubber bearing, the mode of the traditional column end connection was changed from "fixed connection" to "hinged joint", and the ductility of the structure was significantly improved. The results show that the damage condition of the subway station is closely related to the magnitude of the mainshock. When the magnitude of the mainshock is low, the incremental damage to the structure caused by the subsequent aftershocks is little. When the magnitude of the mainshock is high, the subsequent aftershocks will cause serious incremental damage to the structure, and may even lead to the collapse of the station. The arc rubber bearing can reduce the damage to the station. The results can offer a reference for the seismic design of subway stations under the action of mainshock-aftershocks.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.95-109
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• 1993

본(本) 연구(研究)에서는 Mode분할기법(分割技法)을 이용(利用)하여 아치구조물(構造物)의 형상최적화(形狀最適化)를 시도(試圖)하였다. 본(本) 연구(研究)에서는 아치리브를 유한개(有限個)의 직선부재(直線部材)로 구성(構成)되어 있는 것으로 하고 상관방정식(相關方程式)과 허용응력(許容應力) 및 좌굴제약(挫屈制約)까지 포함(包含)하여 2골절(滑節)아치와 양단고정(兩端固定)아치의 형상(形狀)을 최적화(最適化)할 수 있도록 최적화(最適化) 문제(問題)를 형성(形成)하였다. 본(本) 연구(研究)의 제(第) 1단계(段階)(level 1)에서는 다른 연구(研究)와 달리 근사화(近似化)한 아치구조물(構造物)의 강성도행렬(剛性度行列)(stiffness matrix)과 기하강성도행렬(幾何剛性度行列)(geometric stiffness matrix)관계(關係)로부터 Ray leigh-Ritz법(法)으로 좌굴하중(挫屈荷重)을 구(求)하고, 설계공간법(設計空間法)에 의한 감도해석(感度解析)으로 부재력(部材力)을 근사화(近似化)함으로써 구조해석수(構造解析數)를 줄일 수 있었다. 목적함수(目的凾數)는 구조물(構造物)의 중량(重量)이 최소(最小)가 되도록 중량함수(重量凾數)로 택(擇)하였다. 제약조건식(制約條件式)으로는 허용응력(許容應力), 좌굴응력(挫屈應力) 및 설계변수( 設計變數) 상(上) 하한치제약(下限値制約)을 부과(附課)하여 최적화문제(最適化問題)를 형성(形成)하였다. 제(第) 2단계(段階)(level 2)에서는 설계변수(設計變數) 및 조정변수(調整變數)를 절점좌표(節點座標)로 하고 목적함수(目的凾數)로는 중량함수(重量凾數)로 하여 최적화(最適化) 문제(問題)를 형성(形成)하였다. 절점좌표(節點座標)만을 설계변수(設計變數)로 함으로써 무제약최적화문제(無制約最適化問題)로 형성(形成)되므로 최적화(最適化) 과정(過程)이 용이(容易)하다. 본(本) 연구(研究)의 알고리즘을 아치구조물(構造物)에 적용(適用)한 결과(結果) 본(本) 연구(研究)는 아치구조물(構造物)의 형태(形態), 제약조건식(制約條件式)에 구애(拘碍)받지 않고 최적해(最適解)에 효율적(效率的)으로 수렴(收斂)하였고 아치구조물(構造物)의 최적형상(最適形狀)은 제약조건식(制約條件式)에 따라 상이(相異)하였으며 중량(重量)은 제약조건식(制約條件式) 및 아치의 형상(形狀)에 따라 다소(多少)의 차이(差異)는 있으나 형상최적화(形狀最適化)로 17.7%-91.7%까지 감소(減少)시킬 수 있다.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.149-156
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• 2021

FRP 보강근은 철근-콘크리트 부재의 부식 문제를 해결하기 위해 제안되어왔으나, FRP는 높은 인장강도, 낮은 연성 및 선형 탄성 거동으로 인해 하중이 전달될 때 콘크리트와 보강재 사이의 부착 메커니즘이 다르다. 그러므로, FRP-Rebar와 콘크리트 사이의 부착 거동은 주의 깊게 검토해야 한다. 이를 위해 직접 인발 실험이 간단하게 부착 거동을 평가할 수 있으므로 사용됐으나, 직접인발의 실험 결과는 실제 FRP를 보강근으로 사용한 콘크리트 부재의 휨-부착 거동과 다르다. 그러므로 실제 휨-부착 거동을 평가할 방안이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 FRP를 보강근으로 사용한 콘크리트 부재의 휨-부착 거동에 대한 평가방법을 검토하고 비교하였다. 그 결과, 겹침이음이 있는 부재의 실험 방법이 실제 휨-부착 특성을 잘 반영할 수 있으나 다른 실험방법보다 시험체의 단면 및 지간이 커야 하고 시험체의 설계 및 해석이 복잡하다. 한편, 아치가 있는 부재 실험은 모멘트 팔길이의 변화를 무시하는 평형 방정식을 기반으로 한 힌지가 있는 부재 실험과 달리 콘크리트의 영향을 반영할 수 있으나, 휨-부착에 의한 파괴 이전에 전단파괴의 우려가 있다.