• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.689-698
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• 2007

Particular attention is paid to the validity of PM-10 measurement using beta attenuation method. In this study, the inter-comparison studies were undertaken for PM-10 sampler with different measuring methods. The three beta attenuation monitoring instruments (BAM1020, FH C-14, and DIGS-150) and filter based gravitational method using High Volume Air Sampler were collocated and mass concentrations were compared from August to November, 2006. The results of the investigation show that beta attenuation monitoring instruments are comparable with gravitational method within 10% of measurement error. For specific conditions under high humidity and high concentrations, the inter-comparison results also showed a relatively good agreement and this can be explained as the effect of inlet heating of beta attenuation instrument. Subsequently, this study shows that beta attenuation monitoring instruments can be equivalently used with reasonable validity when compared gravimetric method.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.46-52
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• 1987

There are many factors such as airtighteness and high density of merchandises or passengers that contaminate indoor air in underground commercial floor. So it is very important to know air quality and quantity of contamination in underground market increasing in number lately. It was from these viewpoints that gaseous pollutants, dusts and mutagenicity of organic compounds extracted from dusts in an underground market were investigatd. Organic ompounds (tar) were extracted by Soxhlet extractor with benzene as a solvent. Mutagenicities of these extracts were evaluated by the preincubation method using Salmonella typhimurium TA 100 and TA 98 strains with and without S9mix. The results obtained were as follows: It seemed to be under the influence of outdoor air that the concentrations of $CO, CO_2, NO, NO_2$ and dusts were higher in winter than summer. The concentration of $CO_2$ was higher in indoor than outdoor, but the concentration of NOx was similar in both sampling areas. Metal contents in dusts attached to the ventilation ducts were as follows showing in order of high concentration : Fe (9000-22000ppm), Zn(1200-2300ppm) and Pb (280-590ppm). The contents of tar were 6-33% of dusts, and higher than those from dusts collected by high volume air sampler. The extracts from dusts attached to the inlet duct exhibited lower mutagenicity than those from dusts attached to the outlet duct. This finding seemed to suggest that mutagenic substances were in creasing in underground. There was no seasonal difference of mutagenicity toward TA 98. Toward TA 100 in the presence of S9mix, the mutagenicity was about 3 fold higher in winter than summer. The mutagenicities of tar extracted from dusts collected by high volume air sampler were different from those attached to the ventilation ducts. The former showed 2-3 fold higher mutagenicity than the latter toward TA 100. However no difference showed between the former and the latter toward TA 98 in the absence of S9mix, but the former was 4-5 fold higher than the latter in the presence of S9mix.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.201-206
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• 1993

The concentration of Total Suspended Particulates(T.S.P), size distribution of suspended particulates, and soluble anions of T.S.P in atmosphere of industrial region in Busan were investigated. T.S.P was measured by High-Volume Air Sampler and particle size distribution was measured by Anderson Air Sampler. We analyzed the chemical component of the T.S.P by ion Chromatography and measure4 the shape and size of T.S.P by Scanning Electron Micrography The small size of T.S.P mainly exist in industrial region, but the large size of T.S.P mainly exist in residentail area.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.217-225
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• 1993

This study was performed at Sa-Sang Industrial area in Pusan City. To measure the total suspended particulates(T.S.P) and $SO_3$ following places was selected industrial area, down town, residentail area. T.S.P was collected on glass filters by High-Volume Air Sampler, $SO_3$ was measured by PbO2 Candle method. The collected T.S.P was analyzed for various anlon(for example, $NO_3$, $SO_4$, $PO_4$, F, Cl) by ion Chromatography, and Pb by Inductively Coupled Plasma.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.102-111
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• 2016

Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the use of polyurethane foam disk passive air samplers (PUF PAS) for better measurement of atmospheric polychlorinared dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PCDD/Fs) concentrations compared to PUF PAS combined with high volume air samplers (HVS). Methods: Air samples were collected by a low volume air sampler (LVS) and PUF PAS. A total of two pairs were continuously collected for six months, but the PUF was replaced every two months. Results: A good correlation was shown ($R^2=0.8595$, p<0.0001) between atmospheric PCDD/Fs concentration measured by the LVS and PUF PAS. The average air sampling rate ($1.5m^3/day-sampler$) of all PCDD/Fs congeners showed a middle of the means which were measured using a HVS by other researchers in different cities. In addition, the air sampling rates of the LVS for each congener made less difference than did those of the HVS. Conclusion: It was found that measurements using the LVS were less influenced by atmospheric peak PCDD/Fs concentrations. However, trace POPs such as PCDD/Fs may involve relatively large analytical errors in measurement, and as a result the air sampling rate of the respective PCDD/Fs isomer is also likely to involve errors. The method of using a regression straight line between the concentrations obtained from the LVS and those from the PUF PAS was judged higher than the method using the air sampling rate, since the former compensated for the experimental errors in the process of evaluation of atmospheric PCDD/F concentrations using the PUF PAS.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.324-333
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• 2016

Objectives: We aimed to compare the sampling performance of different flow-based impactor samplers for collecting fungal spores and bacteria and to explore the association of the level of bioaerosols with activity patterns of occupants in daycare center settings. Methods: For comparison of sampling performance, two different flow-based samplers (greater than 100 L/min or not) were selected; a low flow-based sampler (one-stage Andersen sampler) and two high flow-based samplers (DUO SAS SUPER 360 sampler, BUCK bio-culture sampler). We collected airborne mold and bacteria in 30 daycare centers with various levels of contaminated air. Three repeat samplings per each sampler were performed. Mold and bacteria were grown for 96 hours at $25{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ and 48 hours at $35{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, respectively. The Andersen and SAS samplers were used for investigating the association between the level of bioaerosols and the activity patterns of occupants in daycares. Particular matters 10($PM_{10}$), temperature, and relative humidity were monitored as well. Samplings were carried out with one-hour interval from 9 to 5 O'clock. For statistical comparisons, Kruskal-Wallis test, Wilcoxon's signed rank test, and multiple regression analysis were carried out. Results: The airborne level of molds by the low flow-based sampler were significantly higher than that of high flow-based samplers (indoor, P=0.037; outdoor, P=0.041). However, no statistical difference was observed in the airborne level of bacteria by each sampler. Also the level of bioaerosols varied by the time, particularly with different activity patterns in daycare centers. The higher level of mold and bacteria were observed in play time in indoor. Similarly, the concentrations of $PM_{10}$ were significantly associated with the level of bioaerosols (P<0.05). Conclusions: Our findings indicate that the flow rate of sampler, rather than total air volume, could be able to affect the results of sampling. Also, the level of airborne mold and bacteria vary behavior patterns of occupants in indoor of daycare settings. Therefore, different samplers with other flow rate may be selected for mold or bacteria sampling, and activity patterns should be considered for bioaerosol sampling as well.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.11-18
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• 1986

In order to evaluate the state of the environmental pollution by vehicle exhaust in Seoul area the correlation between lead in air and leaves of roadside trees has been investigated during August in 1985. The dust in the atmosphere was collected by high volume air sampler to measure the concentration of lead. On the other hand, lead as a pollution indicator was extracted from the leaves of roadside trees (Ginkgo biloba, Salix pseudo/lasiogyne, platanus occidentalis) by conventional method and their concentrations were determined. The following results were obtained : 1. Lead concentrations in the leaves of roadside trees varied with trees, for example, the average concentrations of lead in each of the leaves of Ginkgo biloba, Salix pseudo/lasiogyne and Platanus occidentalis were 20.66 ppm, 9.37 ppm, and 10.58 ppm, respectively. 2. The dust sampled along heavily traveled highways showed that lead content tended to increase with traffic volume. 3. The correlation coefficients between lead correlation in air and leaves of Gingo biloba, Salix pseudo/lasiogyne, and Platanus orientalis were 0.80, 0.85, and 0.87, respectively.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.245-252
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• 2002

Airborne pollutants in the subway facilities can be potentially harmful to the health of passengers. This study was designed to examine whether the suspended particulates have mutagenic or carcinogenic effect on the plant cell systems. Total suspended particulates were collected with a high volume air sampler, in the entrance, the waiting room, and the platform of each subway station. The biological end -points in this experiment were the pink mutations in stamen hairs and micronuclei in the pollen mother cells of Tradescantia. The exudates were collected by shaking the filter papers from the sampler in distilled water for 24 hours. All the plant cuttings exposed to the exudates resulted in positive responses. The micronucleus assay proved more reliable and sensitive to the test than the stamen hair assay. The results indicate that the air particulates can give an adverse effect on the health of subway passengers.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.165.1-165.1
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• 2003

This research was designed to examine the presence of mutagenic/carcinogenic compounds in airborne pollutants in diesel particulate matter using an integrated biological approach. Respirable air borne particulate matter (PM2.5: <2.5mm) was collected from diesel engine exhaust using a high-volume sampler equipped with a cascade impactor. (omitted)

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.214-218
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• 1989

Atmospheric particulate matters (A. P. M. ) were collected on quartz-fiber filters from March 1985 to May 1986, using the Andersen high-volume air sampler and contents of six heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb Ni) in the A. P. M. were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. These heavy metals were divided into the three groups with respect to their particle size distribution. Fe and Mn were mainly associated with coarse particles (diameter > 2.0 $\mu$m), but Pb and Ni were related fine particles (diameter < 2.0 $\mu$m). Cu and Zn had mized size distributions in both of them. In the seasonal variation of heavy metals, the contents of Fe and Mn in spring and Ni and Pb in winter were higher than any other season. There were high mutual correlation between Fe and Mn coarse particles, and between Pb and Ni in fine particles.