• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.130-137
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• 2007

Objectives: Studies investigating problematic internet use have increased rapidly and have been focused on its causes, psychopathology, prevalence, characteristics and so on. However, there are few studies concerning the correlation between problematic internet use and youth health risk behavior. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between problematic internet use and youth health risk behavior. Methods: A community sample of 632 high school students in grades 10 and 11 was collected for the survey. The sample was assessed using the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System(YRBSS) and Young's Diagnostic Questionnaire of Internet Addiction(YDQ). The subjects were classified into two groups: normal and problematic internet use, and the problematic internet use group was further divided into at-risk use and addiction groups. Results: There were 56 subjects(8.9%) in the internet addiction group and 56 subjects(8.9%) in the at-risk internet use group. The other 507 subjects were classified as normal. The subjects in the internet addiction group kissed more frequently and ate less fruit than those in the normal group. They also showed a relatively higher tendency to watch TV, ride in a car driven by a drunk driver and to carry a weapon than those in the normal group. There were no differences in health risk behaviors between the subjects in the internet addiction group and those in the at-risk internet use group, except for the possibility of riding in a car driven by a drunk driver. Conclusion: Unlike the normal group, there was very little difference in health risk behavior between the internet addiction group and the at-risk internet use group, which indicates that the addiction group and the at-risk internet use groups are homogenous. It is important to focus on the behavior of individuals in the at-risk group, and preventive measures should be taken in order to reduce the possibility of at-risk adolescents becoming addicted.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2017

Purpose: To investigate differences in clinical features, blood/urinary findings, and prognosis in different age groups of patients with Henoch-$Sch{\ddot{o}}nlein$ purpura (HSP). Methods: A total of 469 patients with HSP were analyzed retrospectively from June 2003 to February 2016. We classified patients into child or adult groups based on their age. Results: The adult group had more patients with anemia (child vs. adult; 7.5% vs. 16.4%), and higher immunoglobulin A (IgA) (30.0% vs. 50.0%) levels, C-reactive protein (34.2% vs. 54.0%) and uric acid (3.1% vs. 12.1%) levels than the child group. The child group was highly positive for Mycoplasma pneumoniae immunoglobulin M (IgM) (34.4%). More patients in the child group presented with high levels of antistreptolysin O (24.7% vs. 2.9%) and high C4 (11.5% vs. 4.2%). Low C3 (1.1% vs. 10.2%) levels, and renal involvement with gross hematuria (8.6% vs. 21.5 %), nonnephrotic proteinuria (1.1% vs. 11.2%), and nephrotic syndrome (1.1% vs. 6.0%) were common in the adult group. Adults also had poorer renal outcomes [persistent hematuria/proteinuria (10.5% vs. 32.8%), and chronic kidney disease (0% vs. 11.2%)] than the child group. Risk factors for renal involvement such as older age and higher level of uric acid were only found in the child group. The risk factors for poor renal outcome were nephrotic syndrome in the child group and gross hematuria in the adult group. Conclusion: In this study, child and adult groups presented with different clinical manifestations of HSP. We found that risk factors for renal involvement included age and high uric acid level in the child group. Moreover, nephrotic syndrome in the child group and gross hematuria in the adult group increased the risk of poor renal outcome.

• 약학회지
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.56-63
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• 2011

Fabry disease (FD) is an X-linked inborn error of glycoshpingolipid metabolism resulting from mutation in the enzyme ${\alpha}$-galactosidase A gene. The disease is an X-linked lipid storage disorder and the lack of ${\alpha}$-Gal A causes an intracellular accumulation of glycosphingolipids, mainly globotriaosylceramide (Gb-3). Measurement of Gb-3 in plasma has clinical importance for monitoring after enzyme replacement therapy for confirmed FD patients. Using electrospray ionization MS/MS we had developed, a simple, rapid, and highly sensitive analytical method for Gb-3 in plasma was used for the purpose of screening FD among high risk groups in Korean population. To date, no comprehensive results for FD screening have been performed and reported in Korea. We screened 1,100 outpatients from 13 hospitals (including clinics) to assess the incidence of FD among patients in high risk groups. For patients with borderline level amount of Gb-3, we repeated Gb-3 or performing complementary or confirmative assay with ${\alpha}$-Gal A activity and DNA mutaion analysis for confirmation diagnosis. Of 1,100 we diagnosed 3 FD with 2 classical type and 1 carrier (0.27%).

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.73-78
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• 2001

The elevation of total plasmahomocysteine is now an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Plasma folate and vitamin {TEX}$B_{12}${/TEX} influence Hcy metabolism as cofactors. In this study, we studied the relationship of major risk factors for cardovascular disease, including advanced age, male gender, obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, and dislipidemia and plasma homocyteine, folate and vitamin {TEX}$B_{12}${/TEX} levels in Koreans. A total of 195 adult Koreans participated. The subjects were divided into three groups according to how many major conventional risk factors of cardiovascular disease they had: no risk, low risk (1~3 risk factors) and high risk (>3 risk factors) groups. As the number of risk factors increased, the plasma homocysteine levels significantly increase, while the plasma folate levels significantly decreased. The plasma homocysteine levels re higher in males than in females. The subjects with hyperglycemia had higher plasma homocysteine levels than the subjects without the risk factor. Also the subjects with dislipidemia had higher plasma homocysteine levels than the subjects without the risk factor. The plasma folate and vitamin {TEX}$B_{12}${/TEX} levels were significantly lower in males tan females. However, there were no significant differences in plasma folate and vitamin {TEX}$B_{12}${/TEX} levels between the subjects with or without other risk factors. These results indicate that plasma homocysteine levels were positively related with risk factors for cardiovascular disease and plasma folate levels were negatively related with the risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Also, we conclude that plasmahomocysteine levels might be related to the combination of risk factors, rather than an individual risk factor.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.2841-2846
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• 2014

Background: When dealing with breast cancer, early detection is closely associated with determining and closely monitoring high risk groups. The aim of this study was to determine the preventable risk factors that are specific for our country, and to understand which risk factors were most predominant. Materials and Methods: The study was planned as a case-control design. Women diagnosed with breast cancer who visited the Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, and Radiation Oncology outpatient clinics of the Izmir Dokuz Eylul University (DEU) School of Medicine were accepted as the case group. Then a control group matched for age was established among females who visited the outpatient clinics on the same days. A questionnaire prepared by the researchers was implemented using a face-to-face interview technique. The Mann-Whitney U test was used in the comparisons of the group averages, and the Pearson chi-square test in the comparisons between groups. In order to determine the dominant risk factors, binary logistical regression test was implemented. Results: A total of 138 patients, 69 cases and 69 controls, were included in the study. A significant difference can be detected between the groups in terms of BMI, smoking, breast cancer prevalence among first degree family members, presence of breast cancer among distant family members, existence of other types of cancers among family members and the age of onset of menopause (p<0.05). Logistical regression analysis revealed that the presence of breast cancer among first degree relatives increased the risk of developing breast cancer 5.7 times. Conclusions: Although some results of this study are compatible with findings in the literature, some are not. In order to determine unique risk factors, there is a clear need for large-scale studies.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.339-351
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to inquire into how children's internet addiction is affected by home environments, computing environments, parental marital conflicts, parenting attitudes and parental monitoring and control as perceived by children. The study was conducted on 579 sixth graders at elementary schools located in Daejeon City. The data was analyzed by frequency, percentage, $X^2$, one way ANOVA, and scheffe analysis using the SPSS 18.0 version program. The results were as follows: first, out of 579 students, 5.0% were classified as at high-risk for addiction; 22.8% as at potential-risk; 72.2% as normal. Second, in the high-risk group, boys accounted for a higher percentage compared to girl students. Mothers' academic backgrounds and fathers' occupations affected the children's internet addiction. Third, the high-risk group tended to use the internet in internet cafes, to use it before going to elementary school, to use it for at least 4 hours once, and to use it to play games. Fourth, the high-risk group perceived parents marital conflicts as more frequent and more severer, as compared to other groups. Fifth, while the high-risk group perceived parenting attitudes as negative, the normal group perceived them as positive. Sixth, the potential-risk group and the normal group perceived parental monitoring and control as more frequent, as compared to the high-risk group.

• 동서간호학연구지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.68-77
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• 2023

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to develop a predictive model and evaluate this model of turnover in hospital nurses. Methods: Participants were 1,565 nurses from a tertiary hospital in South Korea. Descriptive statistics and a decision-tree analysis were performed using the SPSS WIN 23.0 program. Results: The turnover groups were presented in eleven different pathways by decision tree analysis. There were three high-risk groups with a higher turnover rate than the average, and eight low-risk groups with a lower turnover rate. Among them, two low-risk groups had a 0% turnover rate. The groups were classified according to general characteristics such as position, period of temporary position, clinical career at last working unit, total clinical career, and period of leave of absence. The accuracy of the model was 83.2%, sensitivity 63.7%, and specificity 98.1%. Conclusion: This predictive model of turnover may be used to screen the turnover risk groups and contribute for decreasing the turnover of hospital nurses in South Korea.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제33권8호
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• pp.864-872
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• 2000

This study intended to evaluate the validity of the simple nutrition screening test that had been developed with the elderly living in Cheongju as a subject. Nutrition screening score(NSS) and reference standards for nutritional and health status(nutrient intakes, mean adequacy ratio, perceive health, and serum albumin, hematocrit, and hemoglobin) were estimated by using the date obtained in 1996 from the 174 elderly living in Taejon, Statistical analysis showed significant correlations between mean adequacy ratio(MAR) and NSS(r=0.341) and also between NSS and biological indices such as albumin and hematocrit, Around 65-75% of the elderly with perceive health and low level of serum albumin, hemoglobin and hematocrit had NSS$\leq$ll. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive values(PPV) were calculated from the crosstabulation of the three categories of NSS(high, moderate, and low nutritional risk) and low categories MAR(< 0.75, undernutrition;$\geq$0.75, normal) to validate the cut-off point for high or low nutritional risk by NSS. It was suggested that point l1 was appropriate as a criterion to determine high risk of undernutrition, but point 16 was better than 17 as criterion to determine low nutritional risk in the Taejon elderly. When point ll was used as a criterion of high nutritional risk, sensitivity, specificity, and PPV are 59.5, 60.5 and 82.1 respectively. When point 16 was used as a criterion of low nutritional risk, sensitivity, specificity, and PPV are 25.6, 95.4, and 64.7%, respectively. In conclusion, nutrition screening test that had been developed can be a simple, easy, and proper instrument to classify the high risk group of undernutrition. A further validation study seems to be required among other groups of individuals for the screening test to the finalized as a more valid instrument identifying Korean elderly at nutrition and health risk(Korean J Nutrition 33(8) : 864-872, 2000)

• Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.216-223
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• 2023

Purpose: Influenza is the most common seasonal infectious disease that causes permanent social, economic, and medical problems worldwide. Therefore, the most effective way to prevent influenza is through vaccines. The aim of this study is to identify the influence of factors that determine the refusal of influenza vaccine among three subjects groups. Materials and Methods: A survey was conducted amongst the three high-risk groups in 2018-2019 (Moscow, Russia). The survey involved 1,620 parents and pregnant women (group 1), 324 doctors (group 2), and 433 students (group 3). Poor vaccine uptake was observed among respondents in all three groups. Results: According to the survey results, only 22.2% of children and 13.8% of adults were vaccinated against influenza. Group 2 showed increased rates with 36.7% of vaccinated adults and 58.7% of children. The lowest adherence to annual vaccinations was recorded in group 3 (only 17.3%). There is also a negative correlation between adherence to vaccination and smoking (-0.66), unhealthy diet (-0.73), poor oral hygiene (-0.61), and insufficient awareness of the need for influenza vaccine as well (-0.81). Conclusion: Thus, a general lack of vaccination awareness has a fundamental role in forming a negative attitude toward influenza vaccine. It is necessary to conduct research to promote vaccination against influenza to improve vaccine uptake among high-risk groups, particularly students.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.1192-1207
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to clarify the dynamic relationships among risk factors of arteriosclerosis and to develop and examine a model which could explain this relationship clearly. Data were collected from medical records of 400 male clients who visited a university hospital located in Inchon for physical examinations, from May 1996 to December 1996. Data were analyzed using the LISREL (Linear Structural Relationship) 8 program. To test the fitness of the hypothesized model, chi-square, RMSR (root mean square residual), GFI (goodness of fit index), CN (critical number) and Q-plot were used. Most of the fitness measurements, except the chi-square showed that the hypothesized model complimented the real data. According to the results, there were trends that obesity and hyperlipidemia were prevalent in heavier smokers, higher alcohol intakers, and groups who excercised less. Also, hypertension was more prevalent in older age, higher alcohol intaker, and higher serum lipid level groups. In contrast to the hypothesis, alcohol intake did not significantly affect serum lipid levels. This might be due to the serum lipid measurements (total cholesterol and trigryceride) used in this study to estimate hyperlipidemia. The direct effect of smoking on hypertension was not significant. However, the total effect of smoking on the hypertension was significant since indirect effects of smoking on hypertension, such as obesity and hyperlipidemia, were significant. The total effect of obesity on hypertension was significant since the indirect effect of obesity on hypertension via hyperlipidemia was significant, although the direct effect of smoking on hypertension was not significant. The degree of explaining hyperlipidemia with smoking, exercise, and obesity was high (60%), however, the degree of explaining obesity with age, smoking, alcohol intake, and exercise was very low (7%). On the basis of these results, high risk factors of arteriosclerosis such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, or obesity are either directly or indirectly correlated each other. Therefore, it is difficult to predict outcomes for increasing or decreasing the risk factors by simply modulating a factor. Smoking, alcohol, and exercise both directly and indirectly affected major risk factors of arteriosclerosis. Therefore, correcting these variables is required to decrease risk factors. Finally, the relationship among other risk factors which have been known to be related with arteriosclerosis (diet, stress or hereditary) should be clarified in further studies.